Diagnosis of lesions of the acetabular labrum, of the labral-chondral transition zone, and of the cartilage in femoroacetabular impingement: Correlation between direct magnetic resonance arthrography and hip arthroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and accuracy of direct MR arthrography in the diagnosis of intra-articular lesions associated with femoroacetabular impingement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used direct MR arthrography to study 51 patients with femoroacetabular impingement who underwent arthroscopic hip surgery. Surgery demonstrated 37 labral tears, 44 lesions in the labral-chondral transitional zone, and 40 lesions of the articular cartilage. We correlated the findings at preoperative direct MR arthrography with those of hip arthroscopy and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and validity index for direct MR arthrography. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of MR arthrography were 94.5% and 100%, respectively, for diagnosing labral tears, 100% and 87.5%, respectively, for diagnosing lesions of the labral-chondral transition zone, and 92.5% and 54.5%, respectively, for diagnosing lesions of the articular cartilage. The negative predictive value of MR arthrography for lesions of the labral-chondral transitional zone was 100%. MR arthrography accurately defined extensive lesions of the cartilage and the secondary osseous changes (the main factor in poor prognosis), although its diagnostic performance was not so good in small chondral lesions. CONCLUSION: In patients with femoroacetabular impingement, direct MR arthrography can adequately detect and characterize lesions of the acetabular labrum and of the labral-chondral transitional zone as well as extensive lesions of the articular cartilage and secondary osseous changes.

Characterization and description of a multiple sex chromosome system in Potamotrygon motoro (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes) from the Paraná River, Argentina.

The Potamotrygonidae family represents the only freshwater group of specialized elasmobranchs and is composed of 4 genera: Plesiotrygon, Paratrygon, Potamotrygon, and Heliotrygon. Individuals of Potamotrygon motoro were collected from the Paraná River at Ituzaingó (Province of Corrientes) in Argentina. Mitotic preparations were obtained using direct techniques and lymphocyte cultures. Chromosomes were studied with conventional Giemsa, C-band and nucleolus organizer region stainings. The diploid number and karyotype formulae were 2n = 66 with 33 homomorphic pairs (14M + 16SM + 22ST + 14A) in females and 2n = 65 with 31 homomorphic pairs plus 3 heteromorphic chromosomes (13M + 15SM + 23ST + 14A) in males. Heterochromatin was distributed at the pericentromeric regions of almost all chromosomes and in the telomeric and interstitial positions of some chromosomes. nucleolus organizer regions were multiple and located at telomeric regions. Because of the clear karyotype differences between the 2 sexes and the presence of 3 unpaired chromosomes in males, it is possible to suggest the occurrence of a multiple sex chromosome system, with male heterogamety (X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y). Further cytogenetic studies are required to develop a hypothesis about the origin of the multiple sex chromosome system in P. motoro.

[Effectiveness of fissure sealants in child population at high risk of caries]. / Efectividad de los selladores de fisuras en una población infantil con alto riesgo de presentar caries.

OBJECTIVES: To asses the effectiveness of fissure sealants in a high risk infant population and to evaluate the criteria to determine when to apply them. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 607 scholars that are included at the age of 6 years and followed for 4,5 years.Intervention. We have defined three groups. Groups I and II were included in a dental preventive program with and without fissure sealants in the first permanent molars, respectively, and group III received no preventive measures at all. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The dental explorations according to WHO recommendations were conducted before entering the study, at the age of six years, after the fissure sealant were applied, at the age of eight years and finally 4.5 years after the beginning. RESULTS: After 4.5 years group I had a CAOD index of 0.59, group II 0.79 and group III 1.52 (P<.001). Group III has 2.57 times greater risk the group I of suffering caries in the permanent teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The application of occlusive fissure sealant in the first permanent molar of an infant high risk population has a protective effect on dental caries. Therefore occlusive fissure sealant should be offered to all scholars because those without neither the preventive program nor occlusive fissure sealant had a significantly higher risk of caries.

[Incidence of dental caries in a child population from Mostoles: evaluation of a preventive program after 2 years]. / Incidencia de caries en una población infantil de Móstoles: evaluación de un programa preventivo transcurridos 2 años.

OBJECTIVE: To know the efficacy and effectivity od dental health program after 2 years. DESIGN: The study of prospective cohorts not aleatorized. POPULATION AND METHODS: The exposed cohort is composed of 583 school children, 296 girls and 287 boys, the non-exposed cohort is composed of 261 school children, 132 girls and 129 boys. We carried out and odontological exploration following the criteria of the WHO the preventive measures we carried out are health education, weekly mouthrinse of NaFl at 0.2%, occlusive sealant in the first permanent molar and external application fluorine gel. We measured and compared the different indexes of tooth decay and sociodemographic variables between both cohorts, the statistic meaning has been determined through the U est of Mann Whitney. RESULTS: We have found statistically significant differences between both cohorts in the indexes of decay in the exposed cohorts. The indexes of decay in the exposed cohort being DMFT: 0.31; DMFM (first permanent molar): 0.31; DMFS: 0.4. And in the non-exposed cohort DMFT: 0.81; DMFM: 0.81; DMFS; 1.09. Existing an epidemiological association between the preventive program and the prevention of dental decay with a relative risk of 0.24 (95% CI, 0.17-0.33) and the prevention fraction of 76.3% (95% CI, 67-83). CONCLUSIONS: The preventive program after two years elapsed is effective and has a clear protector effect.

Incidencia de caries en una población infantil de móstoles: evaluación de un programa preventivo transcurridos 2 años / Incidence of caries in a child population in mostoles: evaluation of a preventive programme after two years

Objetivo. Conocer la eficacia y efectividad de un programa de salud bucodental transcurridos 2 años. Diseño. Estudio de cohortes prospectivas no aleatorizado. Población y métodos. La cohorte expuesta consta de 583 escolares, 296 niñas y 287 niños; la cohorte no expuesta consta de 261 escolares, 132 niñas y 129 niños. Realizamos una exploración odontológica siguiendo los criterios de la OMS. Las medidas preventivas que llevamos a cabo son educación sanitaria, colutorio semanal de FlNa al 0,2 por ciento, selladores oclusales en el primer molar permanente y flúor tópico gel. Hemos medido y comparado diferentes índices de caries y variables sociodemográficas entre ambas cohortes; la significación estadística se ha determinado mediante el test de la 'U' de Mann Whitney. Resultados. Hemos encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas cohortes, siendo los índices de caries en la cohorte expuesta: CAOD, 0,31; CAOM, 0,31, y CAOS, 0,4, y en la cohorte no expuesta: CAOD, 0,81; CAOM, 0,81, y CAOS: 1,09. Habiendo una asociación epidemiológica entre el programa preventivo y la prevención de caries dental con un riesgo relativo de 0,24 (IC del 95 por ciento, 0,17-0,33) y la fracción prevenible del 76,3 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 67-83). Conclusiones. El programa preventivo transcurridos 2 años es eficaz y tiene un claro efecto protector (AU)

Gas-liquid chromatography in routine processing of blood cultures for detecting anaerobic bacteraemia.

Gas-liquid chromatography was performed on 233 positive blood cultures and findings were compared with culture results. Obligate anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 78 out of 79 blood cultures containing butyric or iso-valeric acids, or both; from 28 out of 69 blood cultures containing succinic acid; and from only one out of 41 blood cultures containing succinic but not butyric or iso-valeric acid. Good correlations (88%) were found for the recovery of anaerobic bacteria and the detection of butyric and/or iso-valeric acids. Detecting volatile fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography performed on blood cultures at the first signs of growth can therefore provide an early and reliable indication of the presence of anaerobic bacteria.