Proteomic analysis of vascular smooth muscle cells with S- and R-enantiomers of atenolol by iTRAQ and LC-MS/MS.

The term "proteome" was first introduced by referring to the complete determination of proteins expressed in a given cell, tissue, or organism. In HPLC-based proteomics technique, the mixture of the cleaved peptides are bonded, separated sequentially on the multidimensional columns based on charge or hydrophobicity of the ionized analytes, and then eluted into the MS for identification. Among the developed stable isotope-based quantification methods, iTRAQ has recently gained popularity as its simple iTRAQ labeling procedures and up to eight labeled samples examined in a single experiment.