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1.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother ; 45: e20210448, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35714057

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Self-guided, asynchronous, online interventions may provide college students access to evidence-based care, while mitigating barriers like limited hours of service. Thus, we examined the preliminary effectiveness of a 45-minute, self-guided, asynchronous, online, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-informed stress and anxiety management workshop. College undergraduates (n = 131) were randomized to either workshop (n = 65) or waitlist control (n = 66) conditions. METHODS: Participants in the workshop condition completed baseline measures of depression, stress, and anxiety, before completing the workshop. Participants in the waitlist control condition only completed the baseline measures. All participants were reassessed at 1-week follow-up. RESULTS: Controlling for baseline measures, students in the workshop condition experienced significantly less stress and greater self-efficacy to regulate stress and anxiety at follow-up, compared to waitlist controls. CONCLUSION: A 45-minute, self-guided, asynchronous, online DBT skills-informed stress and anxiety management workshop may reduce stress and improve self-efficacy to regulate stress and anxiety.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Estudantes , Humanos , Ansiedade/terapia , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Universidades
2.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother. (Online) ; 45: e20210448, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1523026

RESUMO

Abstract Objectives Self-guided, asynchronous, online interventions may provide college students access to evidence-based care, while mitigating barriers like limited hours of service. Thus, we examined the preliminary effectiveness of a 45-minute, self-guided, asynchronous, online, dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-informed stress and anxiety management workshop. College undergraduates (n = 131) were randomized to either workshop (n = 65) or waitlist control (n = 66) conditions. Methods Participants in the workshop condition completed baseline measures of depression, stress, and anxiety, before completing the workshop. Participants in the waitlist control condition only completed the baseline measures. All participants were reassessed at 1-week follow-up. Results Controlling for baseline measures, students in the workshop condition experienced significantly less stress and greater self-efficacy to regulate stress and anxiety at follow-up, compared to waitlist controls. Conclusion A 45-minute, self-guided, asynchronous, online DBT skills-informed stress and anxiety management workshop may reduce stress and improve self-efficacy to regulate stress and anxiety.

3.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother ; 43(3): 217-224, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34852408

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Current therapies for social anxiety disorder emphasize taking behavioral action; active engagement of a behavior despite any present fear or anxiety that is associated with the behavior, through use of exposures. However, less is known about the mechanisms of behavioral action. The present study aimed to examine personal value, self-efficacy, and the perceived social acceptability of a social behavior as correlates of behavioral action in a high social anxiety sample. METHOD: The present study utilized vignettes and self-report measures to examine self-efficacy, personal value, and the social acceptability of a social behavior as correlates of behavioral action in a high social anxiety sample (N = 92). RESULTS: The findings indicated that self-efficacy, but not personal value or social acceptability, was significantly associated with social anxiety. Additionally, with all variables included in the multiple regression model, social anxiety was significantly associated with behavioral action, while personal value and self-efficacy were associated with behavioral action over and above social anxiety. DISCUSSION: The results highlight the potential for self-efficacy and personal value as target mechanisms for increasing engagement with exposures and behavioral experiments in treatments for social anxiety.


Assuntos
Medo , Autoeficácia , Ansiedade , Transtornos de Ansiedade , Humanos , Comportamento Social
4.
Trends psychiatry psychother. (Impr.) ; 43(3): 217-224, Jul.-Sept. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1347934

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction Current therapies for social anxiety disorder emphasize taking behavioral action; active engagement of a behavior despite any present fear or anxiety that is associated with the behavior, through use of exposures. However, less is known about the mechanisms of behavioral action. The present study aimed to examine personal value, self-efficacy, and the perceived social acceptability of a social behavior as correlates of behavioral action in a high social anxiety sample. Method The present study utilized vignettes and self-report measures to examine self-efficacy, personal value, and the social acceptability of a social behavior as correlates of behavioral action in a high social anxiety sample (N = 92). Results The findings indicated that self-efficacy, but not personal value or social acceptability, was significantly associated with social anxiety. Additionally, with all variables included in the multiple regression model, social anxiety was significantly associated with behavioral action, while personal value and self-efficacy were associated with behavioral action over and above social anxiety. Discussion The results highlight the potential for self-efficacy and personal value as target mechanisms for increasing engagement with exposures and behavioral experiments in treatments for social anxiety.

5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20841440

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in pregnancy provides an excellent opportunity for secondary prevention. OBJECTIVE: to document the epidemiology of HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis among pregnant women at a Guatemalan national hospital. RESULTS: from 2004 to 2009, 118 (0.76%) of 15 563 of women tested in the prenatal clinic had HIV infection, 29 (0.22%) of 13 028 women tested had hepatitis B virus infection, and 78 (0.60%) of 13 027 had a positive test for syphilis. From August 1, 2007 through December 31, 2009, 29 482 women were tested in the obstetrical emergency room. A total of 63 were HIV positive (0.21%), 48 had hepatitis B (0.16%), and 196 had syphilis (0.66%). Of the 9196 births between August 2007 and July of 2008, 33 (0.36%) were to HIV-infected mothers. CONCLUSION: these 3 STIs were uncommon in our population and did not increase in incidence during the study period. HIV maternal-to-child transmission (MTCT) prevention programs were feasible in our setting.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Feminino , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/congênito , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Hepatite B/congênito , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/transmissão , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Programas de Rastreamento , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sífilis/prevenção & controle , Sífilis/transmissão , Sífilis Congênita/epidemiologia , Sífilis Congênita/prevenção & controle , Sífilis Congênita/transmissão
6.
J Forensic Sci ; 55(1): 100-3, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20412157

RESUMO

We retrospectively reviewed autopsy records at a statewide medical examiner's office in order to identify and characterize deaths due to child abuse. In a 6-year period in New Mexico, the medical examiner investigated 45 deaths determined to be child abuse-related. Decedents were predominantly male (68.9%), Hispanic White (53.3%), and all were 5 years of age or younger, with a median age of 1 year. Head injuries were the most common cause of death (44.4%), followed by battered baby syndrome (15.6%). Relatives were involved as alleged perpetrators in 80% of the cases, with the father most often implicated (36.1% of cases), and 88.9% of child abuse injuries resulting in death occurred in the family's residence. Toxicology was positive in 26.7% of cases, but only two cases had substances of abuse present. Information on risk factors such as prematurity, parental age, and history of abuse was also collected.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/mortalidade , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Síndrome da Criança Espancada/mortalidade , Pré-Escolar , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/mortalidade , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Família , Feminino , Medicina Legal , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estado Civil/estatística & dados numéricos , Anamnese , New Mexico/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade , Ferimentos e Lesões/patologia
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