RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Hemorrhage alone without concomitant trauma often results in a hypercoagulable state that makes it difficult to prevent clotting within the blood withdrawal catheters. Although systemic administration of heparin can ameliorate this problem, heparin use has many additional actions that may confound interpretation of the hemorrhage experiments. The problem can be resolved by the use of a dual lumen catheter that anticoagulates only the blood within the withdrawal circuit. We describe the design of such a catheter and evaluate its function in studies of hemorrhagic shock in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Construction directions are provided for the dual lumen catheter along with a commercial source. The catheters were connected to computer controllable infusion syringes. Either citrate or heparin was used for regional extracorporeal anticoagulation. Rats were anesthetized and hemorrhaged to 40mmHg for more than 15min through the use of a computer program written in Labview. Ionized calcium measurements were obtained pre- and posthemorrhage. RESULTS: The catheters remained patent throughout the experiments. There was no significant difference in the ionized calcium whether citrate or heparin was used for extracorporeal anticoagulation. CONCLUSION: The dual lumen catheters are suitable for the study of hemorrhagic shock in rats without the need for systemic anticoagulation. The catheters can be used with computer-controlled hemorrhage procedures.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Catéteres , Citratos/administração & dosagem , Choque Hemorrágico/fisiopatologia , Animais , Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Coagulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Citratos/farmacologia , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Heparina/farmacologia , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , SoftwareRESUMO
Subdural empyema of the brain is an uncommon disorder that occurs more frequently in children than in adult. Authors report a very rare of subdural empyema following the subdural hygroma after mild head injury. The exact mechanism of infection is not known. However, we have to consider subdural infection as one of differential diagnosis in elderly patient with subdural hygroma when new abnormal density lesion is developed in the subdural space.
