Transmission electron microscopy study of 3.2 YSZ single crystals manufactured by the skull melting method.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed to examine the spontaneously ordered structure in single crystals of 3.2 mole% of Y2O3 added ZrO2 (3.2 YSZ) manufactured by the Skull melting method. The selected area electron diffraction patterns showed several super-structure reflections with symmetrical intensity at (100), (010), and (110) positions, indicating that Y0.5Zr0.5O(2-x) with L1(0)-like cation-ordered structure was formed in 3.2 YSZ. High-resolution TEM has been used to reveal the presence of the partially ordered structure, which was characterized by a doublet periodicity in the contrast of the {100} lattice planes.

Functional outcomes and structural integrity after double-pulley suture bridge rotator cuff repair using serial ultrasonographic examination.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the integrity and functional outcomes of rotator cuff tear after performing the double-pulley suture bridge (DPSB) repair technique according to the tear size by using serial ultrasonographic examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 41 consecutive arthroscopic rotator repairs using the DPSB technique. The average follow-up was 28 months. We completed the serial ultrasonographic examinations and compared the results with the functional outcome using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Constant score, the Korean Shoulder Scoring (KSS) system, and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score. RESULTS: The overall retear rate was 19.5% (8 of 41), comprising 50% (2 of 4) for massive tears, 18% (2 of 11) for large tears, 17% (4 of 23) for medium tears, and no failures for small tears (0 of 3). The retear rate was 17.6% (6 of 34) after complete repair and 28.6% (2 of 7) after repair with gap formation. Seventy-five percent (6 of 8) of retears were identified within 6 months after operation and 25% (2 of 8) were identified more than 1 year after repair. The functional outcomes of the intact group and the retear group according to the ASES score, the Constant score, the KSS, and the UCLA score were 96, 93, 94, and 33, and 90, 82, 87, and 31, respectively (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The overall retear rate after DPSB repair was 19.5% with 2 time periods of retear. The outcome improved independent of the tear size and the cuff integrity.