Prenatal tobacco and tobacco-cannabis co-exposure: Relationship with attention and memory in middle childhood.

We examined associations between prenatal tobacco exposure (with and without cannabis exposure) and children's performance on laboratory measures of sustained attention, attentional set shifting, and working memory in middle childhood (9-12 years of child age). Participants were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and oversampled for prenatal tobacco exposure; with a smaller sample (n = 133; n = 34 non-substance exposed, n = 37 exposed to tobacco only, n = 62 co-exposed) invited (oversampled for co-exposure) to participate in the middle-childhood assessment (M age = 10.6, SD = 0.77; 68% Black, 20% Hispanic). Results for sustained attention indicated lower attention (percent hits) at the first epoch for tobacco only exposed compared to non-exposed and co-exposed; a trend (p = .07) towards increases in impulsive responding across time (a total of 8 epochs) for tobacco exposed (with and without cannabis) compared to non-exposed children; and a significant association between higher number of cigarettes in the first trimester and greater increases in impulsive responding across epochs. However, children prenatally exposed to tobacco (with and without cannabis) demonstrated greater short-term memory compared to children not prenatally exposed, and this difference was driven by higher scores for children prenatally co-exposed to tobacco and cannabis compared to those who were non-exposed. Overall, results suggest that prenatal tobacco exposure, especially in the first trimester, may increase risk for impulsive responding on tasks requiring sustained attention, and that co-use of cannabis did not exacerbate these associations. The higher short-term memory scores among children who were co-exposed compared to non-exposed are perplexing and need replication, particularly in studies with larger sample sizes and samples exposed only to cannabis to examine this more closely.

Childhood adversity and suicidal ideation in older Korean adults: unraveling the mediating mechanisms of mental health, physical health, and social relationships.

BACKGROUND: Suicide rates in older adults are much higher than those in younger age groups. Given the rapid increase in the proportion of older adults in Korea and the high suicide rate of this age group, it is worth investigating the mechanism of suicidal ideation for older adults. Generally, adverse childhood experiences are positively associated with suicidal ideation; however, it is not fully understood what mediating relationships are linked to the association between these experiences and current suicidal ideation. METHODS: The data from 685 older Korean adults were analyzed utilizing logistic regression, path analyses, and structural equation modeling. Based on our theoretical background and the empirical findings of previous research, we examined three separate models with mental health, physical health, and social relationship mediators. After that, we tested a combined model including all mediators. We also tested another combined model with mediation via mental health moderated by physical health and social relationships. RESULTS: The univariate logistic regression results indicated that childhood adversity was positively associated with suicidal ideation in older adults. However, multivariate logistic regression results demonstrated that the direct effect of childhood adversity became nonsignificant after accounting all variables. Three path models presented significant mediation by depression and social support in the association between childhood adversity and suicidal ideation. However, combined structural equation models demonstrated that only mediation by a latent variable of mental health problems was statistically significant. Social relationships moderated the path from mental health problems to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several limitations, this study has clinical implications for the development of effective strategies to mitigate suicidal ideation. In particular, effectively screening the exposure to adverse childhood experiences, early identification and treatment of depressive symptoms can play a crucial role in weakening the association between childhood adversity and suicidal ideation in older adults.

Developing prediction algorithms for late-life depression using wearable devices: a cohort study protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the high prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among the elderly population, the rate of treatment is low due to stigmas and barriers to medical access. Wearable devices such as smartphones and smartwatches can help to screen MDD symptoms earlier in a natural setting while forgoing these concerns. However, previous research using wearable devices has mostly targeted the younger population. By collecting longitudinal data using wearable devices from the elderly population, this research aims to produce prediction algorithms for late-life depression and to develop strategies that strengthen medical access in community care systems. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The current cohort study recruited a subsample of 685 elderly people from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Cardiovascular Disease Association Study, a national large cohort established in 2004. The current study has been conducted over a 3-year period to explore the development patterns of late-life depression. Participants have completed three annual face-to-face interviews (baseline, the first follow-up and the second follow-up) and 2 years of app-based surveys and passive sensing data collection. All the data collection will end at the second follow-up interview. The collected self-report, observational and passive sensing data will be primarily analysed by machine learning. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Yonsei University Mirae Campus Institutional Review Board (1041849-2 02 111 SB-180-06) in South Korea. All participants provided written informed consent. The findings of this research will be disseminated by academic publications and conference presentations.

XTEND: Two-Year Results from a Global Observational Study Investigating Proactive Dosing of Intravitreal Aflibercept in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

INTRODUCTION: XTEND (NCT03939767) is a multicenter, observational, prospective study of patients with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in routine clinical practice. The study aims to examine treatment outcomes of proactive intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) treatment regimens (fixed dosing or treat-and-extend) according to local marketing labels. METHODS: Study eyes received IVT-AFL injections as per the local label. The mean changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) from baseline to month (M) 12 and M24 were measured and stratified by baseline factors. Treatment exposure and safety data were evaluated. Statistical analysis was descriptive. RESULTS: Overall, 1466 patients from 17 countries were treated. For the overall population, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 78.7 ± 8.5 (range 50-100) years, and 891 patients (60.8%) were female. The mean ± SD baseline BCVA was 54.3 ± 20.3 letters and CST was 374 ± 126 µm. At M12 and M24, mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) BCVA change was + 4.3 (3.4, 5.3) and + 2.3 (1.3, 3.3) letters, respectively. Mean (95% CI) CST was - 106 (- 114, - 99) µm and - 109 (- 117, - 102) µm at M12 and M24, respectively. At M24, 41.5% of patients had a BCVA ≥ 70 letters. Patients received a mean ± SD of 7.7 ± 2.7 injections by M12 and 10.8 ± 5.0 injections by M24 (3.1 injections between M12 and M24). Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of IVT-AFL. CONCLUSION: The 24-month results indicate that, in routine clinical practice, a proactive IVT-AFL regimen achieves functional improvements in patients with treatment-naïve nAMD. The proportion of patients achieving ≥ 70 letters at M24 increased, and patients with baseline BCVA ≥ 70 letters maintained vision regardless of the followed IVT-AFL label. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03939767. A video abstract is available for this article. Supplementary file2 (MP4 364624 KB).

Modeling Long-Term Budgetary Impacts of Prevention: An Overview of Meta-analyses of Relationships Between Key Health Outcomes Across the Life-Course.

Budget analysis entities often cannot capture the full downstream impacts of investments in prevention services, programs, and interventions. This study describes and applies an approach to synthesizing existing literature to more fully account for these effects. This study reviewed meta-analyses in PubMed published between Jan 1, 2010 and Dec 31, 2019. The initial search included meta-analyses on the association between health risk factors, including maternal behavioral health, intimate partner violence, child maltreatment, depression, and obesity, with a later health condition. Through a snowball sampling-type approach, the endpoints of the meta-analyses identified became search terms for a subsequent search, until each health risk was connected to one of the ten costliest health conditions. These results were synthesized to create a path model connecting the health risks to the high-cost health conditions in a cascade. Thirty-seven meta-analyses were included. They connected early-life health risk factors with six high-cost health conditions: hypertension, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, mental disorders, heart conditions, and trauma-related disorders. If confounders could be controlled for and causality inferred, the cascading associations could be used to more fully account for downstream impacts of preventive interventions. This would support budget analysis entities to better include potential savings from investments in chronic disease prevention and promote greater implementation at scale.

Unraveling the Intricacies of Autophagy and Mitophagy: Implications in Cancer Biology.

Autophagy is an essential lysosome-mediated degradation pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis and viability in response to various intra- and extracellular stresses. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that is involved in the intricate removal of dysfunctional mitochondria during conditions of metabolic stress. In this review, we describe the multifaceted roles of autophagy and mitophagy in normal physiology and the field of cancer biology. Autophagy and mitophagy exhibit dual context-dependent roles in cancer development, acting as tumor suppressors and promoters. We also discuss the important role of autophagy and mitophagy within the cancer microenvironment and how autophagy and mitophagy influence tumor host-cell interactions to overcome metabolic deficiencies and sustain the activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in a stromal environment. Finally, we explore the dynamic interplay between autophagy and the immune response in tumors, indicating their potential as immunomodulatory targets in cancer therapy. As the field of autophagy and mitophagy continues to evolve, this comprehensive review provides insights into their important roles in cancer and cancer microenvironment.

Comparison of Positive/Inconclusive Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 with the Standard M nCoV Real-Time Detection.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be diagnosed using rapid real-time PCR, real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR), or rapid antigen testing. Among these, rRT-PCR is considered the gold standard assay. The Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay is a rapid real-time PCR test, approved by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency in 2020. The overall concordance and positive concordance rates of the Xpert assay with the STANDARD M nCoV Real-Time Detection kit were determined. METHODS: All samples with positive or inconclusive Xpert test results from July 2021 to February 2023 that underwent confirmatory testing using the reference rRT-PCR assay were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Samples from 224 patients (93 men and 131 women) with a median age of 59 years (range 15 - 90 years) were included. Of 212 samples that tested positive using Xpert, 112 (52.8%) were true positves and 100 (47.2%) were false positives on rRT-PCR testing. The overall concordance and positive concordance rates were 52.8% (112/212) and 54.5% (112/224), respectively. In the Xpert positive group, the samples had a lower Ct value for the E gene than the N2 gene. The Ct values for the E and N2 genes were significantly lower in the positive group than in the inconclusive group. CONCLUSIONS: Positive or inconclusive Xpert results should be confirmed by the gold standard rRT-PCR for early control of this disease. Furthermore, Korea's policy should be reconsidered given the high false-positive rate of the rapid real-time PCR Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay.

Environmental forensics using stable and radioactive isotopes in naturally attenuated soil after phenol-leakage accidents.

Phenol is a carcinogenic and hazardous chemical used in multiple industries and poses a high risk of chemical spills into the environment. To date, environmental forensic research has not focused on chemically remediated soils. In this study, an advanced environmental forensic analysis was performed on microbial communities and breakdown products of phenol, carbon stable isotopes, and radioactive isotopes in phenol-contaminated soil. As indicators of phenol-spill accidents after natural attenuation, higher δ13C levels and lower 14C/12C ratios were observed in phenol-contaminated soil compared with uncontaminated soil. In addition, 16s rRNA gene analysis revealed that phenol-breakdown products identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the presence of soil bacteria, such as Nocardioides, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides, were indicators of phenol-leakage accidents. Therefore, the proposed environmental forensic strategy is a valuable tool for identifying the location of previously occurring chemical accidents and estimating the ecological impact after the natural attenuation of contaminated soils.

Childhood adversity and late-life depression: moderated mediation model of stress and social support.

Background: As life expectancy increases, understanding the mechanism for late-life depression and finding a crucial moderator becomes more important for mental health in older adults. Childhood adversity increases the risk of clinical depression even in old age. Based on the stress sensitivity theory and stress-buffering effects, stress would be a significant mediator, while social support can be a key moderator in the mediation pathways. However, few studies have tested this moderated mediation model with a sample of older adults. This study aims to reveal the association between childhood adversity and late-life depression in older adults, taking into consideration the effects of stress and social support. Methods: This study used several path models to analyze the data from 622 elderly participants who were never diagnosed with clinical depression. Results: We found that childhood adversity increases the odds ratio of depression by approximately 20% in older adults. Path model with mediation demonstrates that stress fully mediates the pathway from childhood adversity to late-life depression. Path model with moderated mediation also illustrates that social support significantly weakens the association between childhood adversity and perceived stress. Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence to reveal a more detailed mechanism for late-life depression. Specifically, this study identifies one crucial risk factor and one protective factor, stress and social support, respectively. This brings insight into prevention of late-life depression among those who have experienced childhood adversity.

Quercetin-Induced Glutathione Depletion Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells to Oxaliplatin.

Quercetin is an antioxidant phytochemical which belongs to the natural flavonoids group. Recently, the compound has been reported to inhibit glutathione reductase responsible for replenishing reduced forms of glutathione and thus leads to glutathione depletion, triggering cell death. In this study, we examined if quercetin sensitizes tumors to oxaliplatin by inhibiting glutathione reductase activity in human colorectal cancer cells, and thereby facilitates apoptotic cell death. A combined treatment with quercetin and oxaliplatin was found to synergistically inhibit glutathione reductase activity, lower intracellular glutathione level, increase reactive oxygen species production, and reduce cell viability, compared to treatment with oxaliplatin alone in human colorectal HCT116 cancer cells. Furthermore, the incorporation of sulforaphane, recognized for its ability to scavenge glutathione, in combination with quercetin and oxaliplatin, substantially suppressed tumor growth in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model. These findings suggest that the depletion of intracellular glutathione by quercetin and sulforaphane could strengthen the anti-cancer efficacy of oxaliplatin.

Prenatal tobacco and cannabis co-exposure and offspring obesity development from birth to mid-childhood.

BACKGROUND: Although the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and child obesity risk is well-established, less is known about co-exposure to tobacco and cannabis. OBJECTIVE: Determine the relation between prenatal substance co-exposure and obesity risk. METHODS: In a diverse sample of pregnant women, we examined the association between prenatal substance exposure (tobacco-only and co-exposure) and child BMI (kg/m2 ) trajectories from birth to mid-childhood (n = 262), overweight/obese status based on BMI percentiles from toddlerhood (24 months) to mid-childhood (9-12 years), and adiposity outcomes at mid-childhood (fat mass [kg], fat mass [%] and fat free mass [kg]; n = 128). Given that the major goal of this study was to examine the associations between prenatal substance exposure and child outcomes, we oversampled pregnant women for substance use (with tobacco as the primary focus). RESULTS: Multilevel models demonstrated that children in both exposure groups had a steeper increase in BMI trajectory from birth to mid-childhood and among co-exposed children, girls had a steeper increase than boys. Odds ratio of having obesity by mid-childhood was 12 times higher among those co-exposed than non-exposed. Co-exposure led to significantly greater fat mass and fat mass % compared with no exposure, but exposure to only tobacco was no different than no exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight potentiating effects of cannabis exposure in the context of maternal tobacco use in pregnancy on obesity risk and the importance of multi-method assessments of obesity.

Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration.

Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.

Paternal identity, maternal gate opening, and fathers' longitudinal positive engagement.

Fathers' positive engagement (FPE) benefits children's development but some children receive greater FPE than others. Understanding why some fathers demonstrate greater FPE than others is critical to efforts to support FPE. However, studies of FPE often fail to account for the father's residential context and changes in interparental relationships and FPE that occur as the child develops. This study examined the effects of paternal identity (i.e., status-level/role-level centrality) and maternal gate opening on FPE in diverse residential contexts from early to middle childhood. Using longitudinal multilevel modeling, this study analyzed data from 2,339 families in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Results demonstrated that maternal gate opening strengthened the association between paternal status-level centrality and FPE, especially, for fathers who were nonresident at childbirth. This protective effect did not change by child age. Furthermore, fathers who were resident at childbirth but nonresident in middle childhood increased in FPE over time. However, among fathers whose residential status shifted from nonresident to resident, those with low role-level centrality decreased in FPE over time. For fathers who were resident from birth to middle childhood, high maternal gate opening was associated with greater FPE, although this effect faded over time. Overall, these findings suggest the importance of both establishment of a strong paternal identity and maintenance of maternal support to promote long-term FPE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical practice in Latin America: the AQUILA study.

BACKGROUND: AQUILA (NCT03470103) was a prospective, observational, 12-month cohort study evaluating treatment patterns, clinical effectiveness, and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in patients from Latin America with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). METHODS: Treatment-naïve and previously treated (switching to IVT-AFL) patients (aged ≥ 55 years) were enrolled from March 2018, with a primary completion date of September 2020, from Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Mexico. Patients received IVT-AFL in a routine clinical practice setting. RESULTS: Of 274 patients in the full analysis set, 201 were treatment-naïve and 73 had received previous treatment. The mean ± standard deviation number of IVT-AFL injections received by month 12 was 4.2 ± 1.9 (treatment-naïve) and 5.2 ± 2.7 (previously treated). The median duration from diagnosis to IVT-AFL treatment was 1.2 months (treatment-naïve) and 19.5 months (previously treated). Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] letters) improved from baseline to month 12 by + 5.2 ± 18.3 (treatment-naïve; baseline: 48.2 ± 23.5) and + 3.1 ± 15.3 letters (previously treated; baseline: 47.7 ± 21.4). CONCLUSION: AQUILA is the first study to assess the use of IVT-AFL in routine clinical practice in Latin America. Mean BCVA and other visual acuity outcomes improved in both treatment groups, despite many patients not receiving the IVT-AFL label-recommended regimen of three initial monthly doses, or seven or more injections in 12 months. Patients who did receive the label-recommended number of injections had numerically greater improvements in visual acuity outcomes. Patients with nAMD treated regularly and more frequently with IVT-AFL, therefore, have the potential to achieve outcomes consistent with those observed in interventional studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03470103. Registered February 5, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03470103.

A cross-sectional study on the use of big data for the past H1N1 influenza epidemic in obesity after COVID-19: Focused on the body slimming cream and leptin via DTC gene test.

BACKGROUND: Based on the big data of 2010, 2011, and 2012, when H1N1 influenza was prevalent around the world in the past, this study investigated the obesity rate, weight change, and dietary methods of Korean dieters based on the historical situation of the past H1N1 influenza epidemic in Republic of Korea. This is intended to be the data for utilizing the prognostic evaluation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE: After COVID-19, research on obesity should be conducted systematically, and to prevent obesity, nutrition education, customized inner beauty & cosmetics, and the development of body slimming cream and leptin for proper diet should be done at the national level. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between methods of weight control, generation, and gender, which have not yet been evaluated in the Korean adult population. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was comprised of 25 534 Korean who participated in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012. RESULTS: A 17 876 of the 19 375 respondents 20 years of age or older in the KNHNES answered about diet method. Two thousand and fifty-seven (15.63%) men and 4134 (25.77%) women thought of themselves as fat. However, 11 973 people (66.96%) did not change weight in the past year, 2536 people (14.19%) had increase in weight, and 3.164 (17.70%) reduced weight. A total of 7176 people (48.11%) indicated that they attempted to reduce weight through exercising, while 5553 people (37.23%) did so through reduced food intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study was based on big data at the time of the H1N1 influenza epidemic in Korean population. The results of the present study will be helpful in the development of the body slimming cream and leptin via direct to consumer (DTC) gene test (GT) due to the rapid increase in obesity due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Future perspective safe cosmetics: Focused on associated with ISO natural organic index.

BACKGROUND: As we enter the era of long COVID, recent studies on the relationship between coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and skin are being conducted from various angles. Awareness of the safety of healthy skin is increasing. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, in this study, we empirically analyzed safe cosmetics, natural cosmetics, and organic cosmetics, which have recently become a critical issue. METHODS: Keywords such as 'long COVID', 'COVID-19 Skin', 'ISO Natural Organic Index', 'edible', 'safe cosmetics', 'natural cosmetics', and 'organic cosmetics' were searched and created. This study was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Accordingly, a total of 689 papers were studied. This paper was successfully completed using a total of 41 references in this study using PRISMA flow diagram. RESULTS: In the long COVID era, customers in the beauty and cosmetics market will have to apply ISO natural organic ingredients to the cosmetics and beauty industry, reflecting consumer demand for edible ingredients for safety issues. Therefore, it will be able to provide new strategy and implications for a safer cosmetic market that values health and beauty. CONCLUSION: Therefore, in this literature review, interest in skin has increased due to the long corona, and it was determined that changes in the cosmetic market would be necessary by using the ISO natural organic index for the consumer's desire for healthy skin. Therefore, in this article, in the future development of eco-friendly organic cosmetics, in line with the natural and environment-friendly changes reminiscent of the efficacy or ingredients of products, it is necessary to develop cosmetics using the ISO natural organic index that meets the needs of consumers and a differentiated strategy.

Intravitreal aflibercept for the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema in routine clinical practice in Latin America: the AQUILA study.

BACKGROUND: AQUILA (NCT03470103) was a prospective, observational, 12-month cohort study to understand treatment patterns and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in patients from Latin America with diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Treatment-naïve and previously treated (switching to IVT-AFL) patients (aged ≥ 18 years) were enrolled from March 2018, with a primary completion date of September 2020, from Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. Patients received IVT-AFL in a routine clinical practice setting. RESULTS: Of 258 patients in the full analysis set, 181 were treatment-naïve and 77 had received previous treatment. The mean ± standard deviation number of IVT-AFL injections by Month 12 was 3.7 ± 1.8 (treatment-naïve) and 4.0 ± 2.2 (previously treated). The median duration from diagnosis to IVT-AFL treatment was 1.8 months (treatment-naïve) and 16.0 months (previously treated). Mean best-corrected visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters) improved from baseline to Month 12 by + 8.1 ± 17.7 (treatment-naïve; baseline: 54.5 ± 19.4) and + 4.6 ± 15.4 letters (previously treated; baseline: 52.9 ± 18.6). CONCLUSION: AQUILA is the first study to assess the use of IVT-AFL in routine clinical practice in Latin America. Despite few patients being treated with the label-recommended regimen of 5 initial monthly doses or receiving ≥ 8 injections in 12 months, functional and anatomic visual outcomes improved during 12 months of treatment with IVT-AFL. Patients receiving the label-recommended number of injections had numerically greater improvements in visual acuity outcomes. Patients with DME treated regularly and more frequently with IVT-AFL therefore have the potential to achieve outcomes consistent with those observed in interventional studies. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03470103. Registered February 5, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03470103.

Non-Targeted Metabolomics Approach Revealed Significant Changes in Metabolic Pathways in Patients with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that is frequently found in athletes and those who have experienced repetitive head traumas. CTE is associated with a variety of neuropathologies, which cause cognitive and behavioral impairments in CTE patients. However, currently, CTE can only be diagnosed after death via brain autopsy, and it is challenging to distinguish it from other neurodegenerative diseases with similar clinical features. To better understand this multifaceted disease and identify metabolic differences in the postmortem brain tissues of CTE patients and control subjects, we performed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)-based non-targeted metabolomics. Through multivariate and pathway analysis, we found that the brains of CTE patients had significant changes in the metabolites involved in astrocyte activation, phenylalanine, and tyrosine metabolism. The unique metabolic characteristics of CTE identified in this study were associated with cognitive dysfunction, amyloid-beta deposition, and neuroinflammation. Altogether, this study provided new insights into the pathogenesis of CTE and suggested appealing targets for both diagnosis and treatment for the disease.

Coparenting-focused preventive intervention reduces postnatal maternal BMI and buffers impact of cortisol.

OBJECTIVE: The postpartum period is a key life stage, contributing to increased maternal obesity risk. Current lifestyle interventions do not consider the role of a woman's partner in reducing stress and supporting lifestyle change. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of an intervention that seeks to enhance coparenting relationship quality on maternal BMI from before conception to 12 months post partum and whether the intervention moderated the association of changes in cortisol and BMI. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was used to assess an intervention (eight classes: four during and four following pregnancy) focusing on enhancing couple coparenting relationships during pregnancy and post partum (n = 57) compared with standard care (n = 53). RESULTS: The main outcome measures were changes in maternal BMI and cortisol. There was a smaller increase in BMI for mothers in intervention compared with control groups (mean [SE], -1.03 [0.42] kg/m2 , p = 0.015). There was an interaction between intervention status and cortisol change predicting BMI change (p = 0.026), such that cortisol change significantly predicted BMI change among mothers in the control (p = 0.049) but not the intervention groups (p = 0.204). CONCLUSIONS: A coparenting intervention improved maternal postpartum BMI, with this effect potentially related to ameliorating the negative effect of stress, as measured by cortisol, on BMI. The role of enhanced coparenting in improving maternal anthropometry warrants urgent attention.

Novel pathway regarding good cosmetics brands by NFT in the metaverse world.

BACKGROUND: Globally, the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an incomplete homework task. The society has transitioned into a non-face-to-face society due to COVID-19. Thus, research was conducted focusing on a new market in the cosmetic market using non-fungible token (NFT) in the metaverse era, a virtual world that is starting anew. PURPOSE: This study is an empirical analysis focused on introducing the new start of luxury cosmetics brands using the metaverse world to good consumption using NFT. METHOD: These data were reviewed to identify agreement between each section and unique guiding areas. The 39 papers were finally considered appropriate for evaluating the research objectives as follows in relation to the search criteria. This can be done through the PRISMA flow diagram to determine how many records were identified, included, and excluded. RESULT: Good consumption in the future beauty market is vital, following COVID-19. Therefore, this narrative review article concluded that, only good, irreplaceable brands that utilize NFT fitting the luxury brand strategy and consuming good money will survive when the metaverse cosmetic era opened. CONCLUSION: By identifying new changes in the global metaverse world and cosmetics market using NFT, this study can be used as an important marketing material in the metaverse cosmetics market.