RESUMO
The land snail Ellobium chinense (L. Pfeiffer, 1855) (Eupulmonata, Ellobiida, Ellobiidae), which inhabits the salt marshes along the coastal areas of northwestern Pacific, is an endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Over recent decades, the population size of E. chinense has consistently decreased due to environmental interference caused by natural disasters and human activities. Here, we provide the first assessment of the genetic diversity and population genetic structures of northwestern Pacific E. chinense. The results analyzed with COI and microsatellites revealed that E. chinense population exhibit metapopulation characteristics, retaining under the influence of the Kuroshio warm currents through expansion of the Late-Middle and Late Pleistocene. We also found four phylogenetic groups, regardless of geographical distributions, which were easily distinguishable by four unidirectional and stepwise adenine-to-guanine transitions in COI (sites 207-282-354-420: A-A-A-A, A-A-G-A, G-A-G-A, and G-G-G-G). Additionally, the four COI hotspots were robustly connected with a high degree of covariance between them. We discuss the role of these covariate guanines which link to form four consecutive G-quadruplexes, and their possible beneficial effects under positive selection pressure.
Assuntos
Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Quadruplex G , Gastrópodes/classificação , Gastrópodes/genética , Guanina , Animais , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/química , Gastrópodes/anatomia & histologia , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Guanina/química , Humanos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Filogenia , FilogeografiaRESUMO
We are concerned with the following quasilinear Choquard equation: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the p-Laplacian operator, the potential function [Formula: see text] is continuous and [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the Riesz potential of order [Formula: see text]. We study the existence of weak solutions for the problem above via the mountain pass theorem and the fountain theorem. Furthermore, we address the behavior of weak solutions to the problem near the origin under suitable assumptions for the nonlinear term f.
