Gestational weight gain is an important risk factor for excessive fetal growth.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the odds ratio of prepregnant body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for excessive fetal growth, which we define as large for gestational age (LGA). METHODS: We included 16,297 women who delivered a live-born singleton baby at term. We fit logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios of variables, including maternal age, parity, prepregnant BMI ≥23, GWG ≥15 kg, and GDM, for LGA. We classified GWG into four categories (<10, 10-14.9, 15-19.9, and ≥20 kg) and BMI into four categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese). After adjusting for age and parity, we analyzed the odds ratios of prepregnant BMI according to GWG between non-GDM and GDM women for LGA. RESULTS: The odds ratios of GWG ≥15 kg and prepregnancy BMI ≥23 for LGA were 2.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.16-2.67) and 2.24 (95% CI, 1.99-2.51), respectively. The odd ratio of GDM was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.09-1.71). The risk of GDM women with normal/-overweight BMI and GWG <15 kg for LGA was not significantly greater than those of the reference group. The odd ratios of GDM women with overweight/obese BMI and GWG 15 to 19.9 kg were 3.95 (95% CI, 1.26-12.38) and 9.70 (95% CI, 3.79-24.87), respectively. CONCLUSION: GWG ≥15 kg might be a more important risk factor for LGA than either prepregnancy BMI ≥23 or GDM. Risk for LGA was highest in obese GDM women with GWG ≥15 kg.

A method for restoring facially inclined implants with a screw-retained restoration.

Cement-retained implant restorations have 2 major disadvantages: they have a submucosal cement line and the prosthesis is difficult to retrieve. Although a screw-retained implant restoration negates both of these concerns, anatomic limitations can hinder its use. This article describes a simple technique for restoring a buccally inclined dental implant with a screw-retained restoration.

Nanoporous platinum thin films synthesized by electrochemical dealloying for nonenzymatic glucose detection.

Nanoporous Pt thin films were prepared by simultaneous deposition of Pt and Si and subsequent dealloying of Si out of the Pt(x)Si(1-x) films. The x values were easily controlled in the range of 0.10 to 0.90 by the distances between the sample position and the target positions and by the plasma power for the targets. With a roughness factor of around 40, the nanoporous Pt films showed enough sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit for glucose and interfering species. Multiple nanoporous Pt films with similar roughness factors were easily fabricated using this method, which showed good enough and similar performance to other reported glucose sensors, suggesting a simple and quality controlled manufacturing method for nanoporous Pt films as nonenzymatic glucose sensors.