THE PERCEPTIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON RACIAL/ETHNICITY DIVERSITY IN OUTDOOR RECREATION.

The collaborative, student-led research team was concerned with race and ethnic diversity in outdoor recreation and explored this issue by interviewing outdoor instructors. Video action research and pedagogy was used based on characteristics of critical thinking, research, reflection, and social justice. The result indicate the disparity of outdoor recreation participation and factors contributing to it. The reflections show an interest, on the part of the next generation of outdoor recreation professionals and student researchers, to address the disparity issue and analyze thefieldfrom a new perspective.

Associations between Handgrip Strength and Ultrasound-Measured Muscle Thickness of the Hand and Forearm in Young Men and Women.

It is unknown whether muscle size of intrinsic hand muscles is associated with handgrip strength. To investigate the relationships between handgrip strength and flexor muscle size of the hand and forearm, muscle thickness (MT) of 86 young adults (43 men and 43 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 y was measured by ultrasound. Two MTs (forearm radius and forearm ulna MT) in the anterior forearm, two MTs (lumbrical and dorsal interosseous MT) in the anterior hand and handgrip strength were measured on the right side. Linear regression with part (also referred to as semipartial) correlation coefficients revealed that forearm ulna MT positively correlated with handgrip strength in both men (part = 0.379, p = 0.001) and women (part = 0.268, p = 0.002). Dorsal interosseous MT correlated with handgrip strength in women only (part = 0.289, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that the forearm ulna and dorsal interosseous MTs for women and forearm ulna MTs for men are factors contributing to prediction of handgrip strength in young adults.