RESUMO
We construct data-driven solutions to the Hubble tension which are perturbative modifications to the fiducial ΛCDM cosmology, using the Fisher bias formalism. Taking as proof of principle the case of a time-varying electron mass and fine structure constant, and focusing first on Planck CMB data, we demonstrate that a modified recombination can solve the Hubble tension and lower S_{8} to match weak lensing measurements. Once baryonic acoustic oscillation and uncalibrated supernovae data are included, however, it is not possible to fully solve the tension with perturbative modifications to recombination.
RESUMO
We study a model of information spreading on multiplex networks, in which agents interact through multiple interaction channels (layers), say online vs. offline communication layers, subject to layer-switching cost for transmissions across different interaction layers. The model is characterized by the layer-wise path-dependent transmissibility over a contact, that is dynamically determined dependently on both incoming and outgoing transmission layers. We formulate an analytical framework to deal with such path-dependent transmissibility and demonstrate the nontrivial interplay between the multiplexity and spreading dynamics, including optimality. It is shown that the epidemic threshold and prevalence respond to the layer-switching cost non-monotonically and that the optimal conditions can change in abrupt non-analytic ways, depending also on the densities of network layers and the type of seed infections. Our results elucidate the essential role of multiplexity that its explicit consideration should be crucial for realistic modeling and prediction of spreading phenomena on multiplex social networks in an era of ever-diversifying social interaction layers.
