Viral etiology of sporadic cases of parotitis among children in Korea during 2013-2014.

Recent years have seen a high incidence of mumps, which is generally diagnosed based on clinical features, especially parotitis, without laboratory confirmation in Korea. To better understand the epidemiology of mumps in Korean children, we investigated sporadic suspected mumps cases with parotitis. In total, 237 buccal swabs or throat swabs collected from children with parotitis who had been clinically diagnosed with mumps were tested using real-time PCR for the detection of six viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, Human herpesvirus 6, Mumps virus, Human parainfluenza virus-1, -2, -3, Human adenovirus, Human bocavirus). Among 237 parotitis cases, 87 (36.7%) were positive for at least one virus; a single infection was observed in 73 (83.9%) cases, and co-infections were detected in 14 (16.1%) cases. Epstein-Barr virus was most frequent (20.7%), followed by human herpesvirus 6 (8.0%), mumps virus (5.5%), human parainfluenza virus-3 (4.6%), human adenovirus (4.2%), and human bocavirus (0.4%). These data suggested that the sporadic suspected mumps in the children might be related to other respiratory viruses rather than to the mumps virus. Our findings also indicate the limitation of clinical diagnosis without laboratory confirmation for mumps and thus highlight the importance of laboratory testing in suspected mumps cases.

Dibenzothiopheno[6,5-b:6',5'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DBTTT): high-performance small-molecule organic semiconductor for field-effect transistors.

We present the synthesis, characterization, and structural analysis of a thiophene-rich heteroacene, dibenzothiopheno[6,5-b:6',5'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DBTTT) as well as its application in field-effect transistors. The design of DBTTT is based on the enhancement of intermolecular charge transfer through strong S-S interactions. Crystal structure analysis showed that the intermolecular π-π distance is shortened and that the packing density is higher than those of the electronically equivalent benzene analogue, dinaphtho-[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT). The highest hole mobility we obtained in polycrystalline DBTTT thin-film transistors was 19.3 cm(2)·V(-1)·s(-1), six times higher than that of DNTT-based transistors. The observed isotropic angular mobilities and thermal stabilities at temperatures up to 140 °C indicate the great potential of DBTTT for attaining device uniformity and processability.

Cyclic tetramers of a five-membered palladacycle based on a head-to-tail-linked isocyanate dimer and their reactivity in cyclotrimerization of isocyanates.

Reactions of [Pd(styrene)(PR3)2], generated from trans-[PdEt2(PR3)2] and styrene, with 2 equiv. of benzyl isocyanate in THF at room-temperature afforded unusual cyclic Pd-tetramers of five-membered rings consisting of organic isocyanate dimers and palladium, [Pd(PR3){-C(O)N(R)C(O)N(R)-}]4 (PR3 = PMe3, ; PR3 = PMe2Ph, ). Additionally, a cyclic trimer, (RNCO)3, (R = benzyl) was produced as a catalytic product. Treatment of the cyclic tetramer () with 4 equiv. of chelated phosphine, such as (1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) (DEPE) or (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) (DMPE), readily caused conversion to a metallacyclic cis-form, [Pd{N(R)C(O)N(R)C(O)}(P ∼ P)] (P ∼ P = DEPE, ; P ∼ P = DMPE, ) in quantitative yields. In contrast, reactions of Pd(0)-PR3 with 2 equiv. of Ar-NCO (Ar = Ph, p-tolyl, p-ClC6H4) afforded metallacyclic complexes having a dimeric isocyanato moiety, cis-[Pd{C(O)N(Ar)-C(O)N(Ar)}(PR3)2] (PR3 = PMe3 Ar = C6H5, ; p-MeC6H4, ; p-Cl-C6H4, ; PR3 = PMe2Ph, Ar = p-Cl-C6H4, ). Treatment of the palladacyclic complex () with an equimolar amount of chelated phosphine such as DEPE readily caused conversion to a palladacyclic cis-form, [Pd{N(Ar)C(O)N(Ar)C(O)}(DEPE)], in quantitative yield. The catalytic cyclotrimerization of benzyl isocyanate to [Pd(styrene)(PMe3)2] was achieved by varying the molar ratio of R-NCO (R = benzyl). In addition, catalytic cyclotrimerization was performed from the five-membered palladacyclic complexes or the Pd(0)-PR3 complex with excess Ar-NCO.

C-H activation guided by aromatic N-H ketimines: synthesis of functionalized isoquinolines using benzyl azides and alkynes.

Aromatic N-H ketimines were in situ generated from various benzylic azides by ruthenium catalysis for the subsequent Rh-catalyzed annulation reaction with alkynes to give the corresponding isoquinolines. In contrast to conventional synthetic methods for aromatic N-H ketimines, our protocol works under mild and neutral conditions, which enabled the synthesis of isoquinolines having various functionalities such as carbonyl, ester, alkenyl, and ether groups. In addition, the imidates generated from α-azido ethers were successfully used for the synthesis of 1-alkoxyisoquinolines.

6-Nicotinamido-2-naphthoic acid.

In the title mol-ecule, C(17)H(12)N(2)O(3), the naphthalene ring system and the pyridin-3-yl rings are nearly coplanar with a dihedral angle between them of 2.28 (8)°. In the crystal, the hy-droxy and amide N atoms participate in hydrogen bonds, which connect the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (101).

(E)-2-{4-[(Pyridin-2-yl)methyl-idene-amino]-phen-yl}acetic acid.

The title mol-ecule, C(14)H(12)N(2)O(2), forms a dimeric unit linked by a pair of symmetry-equivalent O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The aromatic rings are significantly twisted from each other with a dihedral angle of 44.04 (4)°.

(E)-4-{[(Pyridin-4-yl-methyl-idene)amino]-meth-yl}benzoic acid.

The title mol-ecule, C(14)H(12)N(2)O(2), exhibits a V-shaped conformation with a dihedral angle of 59.69 (3)° between the benzene and pyridine rings. In the crystal, O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into zigzag chains along [010].

Poly[[aqua-bis-[µ(2)-6-(pyridine-3-car-box-amido)-naphthalene-2-carboxyl-ato]copper(II)] dihydrate].

The title compound, {[Cu(C(17)H(11)N(2)O(3))(2)(H(2)O)]·2H(2)O}(n), is a two-dimensional polymer. The Cu(2+) ion lies on the crystallographic twofold axis. The coordination sphere of the Cu(2+) ion can be described as a distorted square pyramid. All of the H atoms in the amide group and lattice water mol-ecules participate in O-H⋯O or N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding to strengthen the two-dimensioal framework of the polymer.

Bis[µ-4-(1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)benzoato-κO:O']bis-[(methanol)tris-(nitrato-κO,O')terbium(III)].

In the centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Tb(2)(NO(3))(6)(C(10)H(8)N(2)O(2))(2)(CH(3)OH)(2)], the Tb atoms are bridged by the carboxyl-ate groups of the two 4-(1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)benzoate (iba) ligands. The iba ligand adopts a zwitterionic form with a protonated imidazole group. The Tb atom adopts a distorted tricapped trigonal-prismatic coordination geometry and is coordinated by six O atoms of three chelating nitrate ions, one O atom of the methanol mol-ecule and two O atoms of two iba ligands. The intra-molecular Tb⋯Tb separation is 5.1419 (3) Å. O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect complex mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network.

Poly[trans-diaqua-bis[µ-3-(3-pyrid-yl)propionato-κN,O]cadmium(II)].

The title compound [Cd(L)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n) (L = 3-pyridine-propionic acid, C(8)H(8)NO(2)), is a two-dimensional coordination polymer in which the Cd(II) ion lies on an inversion center and is coordinated in a slightly distorted octa-hedral environment. The aqua H atoms are involved in inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which extend the two-dimensional structure to a three-dimensional architecture. The Cd⋯Cd separation within a layer is 9.0031 (1) Å.

Cyclopalladated azido complexes containing C,N-donor (HC approximately N = 2-(2'-thienyl)pyridine, azobenzene, 3,3'-dimethyl azobenzene, N,N'-dimethylbenzylamine, 2-phenylpyridine) ligands: reactivity towards organic unsaturated compounds and catalytic properties.

Cyclopalladated azido dimers having various C,N-donor ligands, [Pd(mu-N3)(C,N-Ln)]2 (L1H = 2-(2'-thienyl)pyridine; L2H = azobenzene; L3H = 3,3'-dimethylazobenzene; L4H = N,N'-dimethylbenzylamine; L5H = 2-phenylpyridine), underwent cleavage with tertiary (or chelating) phosphines to form the cyclopalladated [Pd(N3)(PR3)(C,N-L)], the sigma-bonded [Pd(N3)(PR3)2(C-L)], or the dinuclear-cyclopalladated [PdN3(PR3)(C,N-L)]2(mu-P approximately P) complexes. In particular, treating [Pd(mu-N3)(C,N-L)]2 with the basic chelating phosphine (depe or dmpe) produced the homoleptic bis(chelating) complex [Pd(C,N-Ln)2] (n = 1-3). Complex [Pd(N3)(PR3)(C,N-L4)] or [Pd(N3)(PR3)2(C-L4)] reacted with aryl isocyanides to selectively give the imidoyl [Pd(N3)(-C=N-Ar)(PR3)(N-L4)] or the imidoyl carbodiimido complex [Pd(N=C=N-Ar)(-C=N-Ar)(PR3)(N-L4)], which was formed by the CN-Ar insertion into the orthometallated Pd-C bond on the phenyl moiety or the interaction into the Pd-N3 bond of the supporting ligand. In addition, reactions of [Pd(N3)(PR3)2(C-Ln)] (n = 1, 2, 4) with R-NCS {R = i-Pr, C6H4-NCS, (CH3)3Si} gave the S-coordinated tetrazole-thiolato Pd(II) complexes. Finally, the catalytic activity of the cyclopalladated azido complexes was evaluated.

Shear- and UV-induced fluorescence switching in stilbenic pi-dimer crystals powered by reversible [2 + 2] cycloaddition.

We have designed and synthesized asymmetric cyano-stilbene derivatives containing trifluoromethyl (-CF(3)) substituents with the aim of producing tightly packed pi-dimer systems that as crystals exhibit reversible [2 + 2] cycloaddition with characteristic fluorescence modulation. (Z)-3-(3',5'-Bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-yl)acrylonitrile (CN(L)-TrFMBE) and its derivatives were found to form antiparallel pi-dimer stacks in crystals due to their specific intermolecular interactions, including C-F...H and C-F...pi interactions. The CN(L)-TrFMBE pi-dimer crystals (and powder) are not at all fluorescent initially but switch to a highly fluorescent state (Phi(PL) = 24%) when an external shear-strain and/or prolonged UV (365 nm) irradiation is applied. Our experimental and theoretical investigations show that the fluorescence modulation in this particular system is due to the external and/or internal (in the case of UV irradiation) shear-induced lateral displacement of the pi-dimer molecular pair, which effectively turns the fluorescence emission on at the cost of frustrated [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Further, the fluorescence 'off' state can be restored by thermal annealing, which regenerates the tightly packed pi-dimer by reverse displacement together with the thermal dissociation of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition product. This system provides a very rare example of high-contrast reversible fluorescence switching that is driven by a change in the molecular packing mode in the solid state, which enables piezochromic and photochromic responses.

Nanomolar Hg(II) detection using Nile blue chemodosimeter in biological media.

A Nile blue-based chemodosimeter (1) was newly synthesized, and its application for detection of the Hg(2+) ion in 100% aqueous solution was demonstrated. Upon its addition into aqueous Hg(2+) ion solution, it exhibited a considerable blue-shift in its absorption and emission spectra, driven by a desulfurization reaction. Detection at an emission of 652 nm was extremely sensitive (less than 1.0 ppb), even in biological media such as blood plasma and albumin.

N,N'-Bis[(E)-4-nitro-benzyl-idene]-4,4'-oxydianiline.

The title compound, C(26)H(18)N(4)O(5), can be regarded as an extended ether with two terminal nitro groups. The two aryl rings bonded to the central O atom form a dihedral angle of 75.72 (6)°, and the terminal nitro groups are slightly twisted [by 6.4 (2) and 3.3 (3)°] from the benzene rings to which they are attached. The crystal packing exhibits weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.794 (3) Å].

N,N-Bis(2-thienylmethyl-ene)cyclo-hexane-1,4-diamine.

The title compound, C(16)H(18)N(2)S(2), lies about an inversion center with only half of the mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. The cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation, and the terminal thio-phene rings are in a transoid orientation, with an S⋯S separation between the two terminal 2-thio-phene rings of 11.6733 (9) Å.

Comment on 'aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE) of iridium(III) complexes': origin of the enhanced phosphorescence.

An investigation of the photophysics of Ir(III) complexes with controlled ligand structures and our quantum chemical calculations attest that the most probable explanation for the reported 'aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission', which was originally claimed to be related to an intermolecular excimer, is restricted intramolecular motion.

{µ-N,N'-Bis[(E)-4-pyridylmethyl-idene]naphthalene-1,5-diamine}bis-[dichlorido(dimethyl sulfide)platinum(II)].

The title dinuclear platinum compound, [Pt(2)Cl(4)(C(22)H(16)N(4))(C(2)H(6)S)(2)], with a long bridging bipyridyl-type ligand, is centrosymmetric and the Pt(II) cation shows a slightly distorted square-planar coordination geometry. The Cl ligands are trans to each other, with a Cl-Pt-Cl angle of 178.83 (8)°. The pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 48.8 (2)° with the planar PtCl(2)SN unit. Within the mol-ecule, the distance between Pt atoms is 20.262 (5) Šand the N⋯N separation between the terminal pyridyl rings is 16.23 (1)Å.

[µ(3)-2,2,4,4,6,6-Hexakis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-2λ,4λ,6λ-1,3,5,2,4,6-triaza-triphosphinine]tris-[cis-dichloridopalladium(II)].

The title complex, [Pd(3)Cl(6)(C(30)H(42)N(15)P(3))], possesses C(3) mol-ecular symmetry. The P and N atoms of the cyclo-triphosphazene and the Pd atom are located on the crystallographic mirror plane. Each of the three symmetry-related Pd atoms is coordinated by two chloride ligands and two exocyclic pyrazolyl N atoms, but not by the cyclo-triphosphazene N atoms.

[µ-2,2,4,4,6,6-Hexakis(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-2λ,4λ,6λ-1,3,5,2,4,6-triaza-triphosphinine]bis-[bis-(nitrato- κO,O')cadmium(II)].

The complete title complex, [Cd(2)(NO(3))(4)(C(30)H(42)N(15)P(3))], is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with one P and one N atom of the cyclo-triphosphazene ligand located on the rotation axis. The non-planar cyclo-triphosphazene ring accommodates two Cd ions, and only four out of six exocylcic pyrazolyl ligands are bound to the Cd metal atoms. Each of these two symmetry-related Cd atoms is coordinated by two bidentate nitrato ligands, two exocylic pyrazolyl N atoms, and one cyclo-triphosphazene N atom.

Dinuclear palladium-azido complexes containing thiophene derivatives: reactivity toward organic isocyanides and isothiocyanates.

Cyclopalladated tetranuclear Pd(II) complexes, [Pd2(micro-Cl)2(Y)]2 (Y = L1 or L2; H2L1 = di(2-pyridyl)-2,2'-bithiophene; H2L2 = 5,5''-di(2-pyridyl)-2,2':5',2''-terthiophene), containing two pyridyl-alpha, alpha'-disubstituted derivatives of thiophene were prepared. Treating these products with PR3 and subsequently with NaN3 produced the dinuclear Pd-azido complexes [(PR3)2(N3)Pd-Y-Pd(N3)(PR3)2] (Y = L1 or L2) or a cyclometallated complex [(PR3)(N3)Pd-Y'-Pd(N3)(PR3)] (Y' = C,N-L2). Reactions of these Pd-azido complexes with CN-Ar (Ar = 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3), 2,6-i-Pr(2)C(6)H(3)) or R-NCS (R = i-Pr, Et, allyl) led to the complexes containing end-on carbodiimido groups [(PMe3)2(N[double bond]C[double bond]N-Ar)Pd-Y-Pd(N[double bond]C[double bond]N-Ar)(PMe3)2] or S-coordinated tetrazole-thiolato groups {(PMe3)2[CN4(R)]S-Pd-Y-Pd-S[CN4)(R)](PMe3)2}. Interestingly, when treated with elemental sulfur, the carbodiimido complexes transformed into the cyclometallated derivatives, [(PMe3)(N[double bond]C[double bond]N-Ar)Pd-Y'-Pd(N[double bond]C[double bond]N-Ar)(PMe3)] (Y' = C,N-L1, C,N-L2). We also report the preparation of linear, thienylene-bridged dinuclear Pd complexes [L2(N3)Pd-X(or X')-Pd(N3)L2] (L = PMe3 or PMe2Ph; H2X = 2,2'-bithiophene or H2X' = 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene) and their reactivity toward organic isocyanide and isothiocyanates.