Osteoradionecrosis of Jaw in Head and Neck Cancer Patient Treated with Free Iliac Bone and Umbilical Fat Pad Graft.

Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications of patients receiving radiation therapy. It is characterized by hypovascularity, hypocellularity, and hypoxia-inducing necrosis of bone and soft tissue following delayed healing. In this case, a 72-year-old man was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery complaining of trismus following extraction three months before first visit. He had a history of right tonsillectomy, radical neck dissection and radiotherapy performed due to right tonsillar cancer seven years prior. After the diagnosis of osteoradionecrosis on right mandibular body and angle, conservative antibiotic therapy was used first, but an orocutaneous fistula gradually formed, and extensive bony destruction and sequestrum were observed. Sequestrectomy, free particulated iliac bone and umbilical fat pad graft were performed via a submandibular approach under general anesthesia. Preoperative regular exams and delicate wound care led to secondary healing of the wound without vascularized free flap reconstruction.

DNA detection and genotypic identification of potentially human-pathogenic microsporidia from asymptomatic pet parrots in South Korea as a risk factor for zoonotic emergence.

We detected and identified genotypes of human-pathogenic microsporidia in fecal samples from 51 asymptomatic captive-bred pet parrots in South Korea. Microsporidia were identified in 8 samples (15.7%); 7 parrots tested positive for Encephalitozoon hellem, and 1 parrot tested positive for both E. hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi. In genotypic identifications, E. hellem was present in genotypes 1A and 2B and E. cuniculi was present in genotype II. Pet parrots might be a source of human microsporidian infection.

Genetic characterization of H7N2 influenza virus isolated from pigs.

Because pigs have respiratory epitheliums which express both α2-3 and α2-6 linked sialic acid as receptors to influenza A viruses, they are regarded as mixing vessel for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through genetic reassortment. A H7N2 influenza virus (A/swine/KU/16/2001) was isolated from pig lungs collected from the slaughterhouse. All eight genes of the influenza virus were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis indicated that A/swine/KU/16/2001 originated in Hong Kong and genetic reassortment had occurred between the avian H7N2 and H5N3 influenza viruses. The first isolation of H7 influenza virus in pigs provides the opportunity for genetic reassortment of influenza viruses with pandemic potential and emphasizes the importance of surveillance for atypical swine influenza viruses.

Quantitative detection of porcine Torque teno virus in Porcine circovirus-2-negative and Porcine circovirus-associated disease-affected pigs.

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a recently identified virus that has a wide range of host tropisms from humans to shrews. Human TTV and Torque teno mini virus are distributed worldwide, and their high prevalence in human populations has been reported. Pigs have their own species-specific TTV, and like human TTV, a high prevalence of porcine TTV also has been reported. Despite its high prevalence, the role of TTV-related disease or syndrome in humans and pigs has not been determined. In the swine industry, TTV is thought to be one of the agents that aggravate clinical manifestation of Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), a newly emerging, economically devastating disease. The purpose of the current study was to quantify TTV viral load in serum obtained from Porcine circovirus-2-negative pigs and PCVAD-affected pigs with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and to compare TTV viral load between these groups. Results of this study indicate that there are no statically remarkable differences in TTV viral load between the 2 groups, which indicates that TTV might not be an agent of aggravation in PCVAD.

Characterization of canine oral papillomavirus by histopathological and genetic analysis in Korea.

In August 2008, forty dogs out of 400 developed oral warts in a breeding farm in Korea. Canine oral papilloma infection is a common disease in dogs. However, there has been no report of an outbreak of canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) in a group of dogs or in dog breeding farms in Korea, and the genetic analysis of COPV in Korea has yet to be performed. This study diagnosed canine oral papilloma from the oral samples of these dogs based on histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Polymerase chain reaction was applied to amplify the corresponding products using preexisting primer sets for COPV and a universal human papillomavirus targeting L1 gene. Further genetic analysis of the major viral capsid gene L1 confirms the sequences of Korean COPV, which shows a close relationship to previously reported COPV. This study describes the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of canine oral papilloma in a group of breeding dogs in Korea and discloses the complete L1 gene sequences of Korean COPV.