Functional independence profile of people with physical disabilities / Perfil da independência funcional nas tarefas motoras das pessoas com deficiência física adquirida / Perfil de la independencia funcional en las tareas motoras de personas con discapacidad física adquirida

Abstract Introduction: The Functional Independence Measure is an evaluation instrument that recognizes the functional evolution of the characteristics of physically disabilities and their abilities. Objective: To analyze the motor items of the functional independence level of people with physical disabilities in the municipality of Itajaí, state of Santa Catarina. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out with 164 people with physical disabilities who lived in Itajaí/SC. Socioeconomic variables, and type and cause of disability were collected. To analyze the aspects that limit or contribute to functional independence, the Functional Independence Measure scale was applied. Statistical tests were used for comparisons according to the nature of the variables. Results: Most individuals (39%) were 41 to 60 years old; 44.5% had elementary education; only 10.4% are in the labor market, and 60.4% earns up to two minimum wages. Regarding the type of disability, 58% of participants presented plegia; 26.2%, paresis; and 15.8%, amputations. The etiology of disability was mainly related to neurological problems (43.3%). In the distribution of the average score of people with physical disabilities, half of the sample had average scores above six, and 67% above five, with significant differences in the mean independence scores according to occupation and type of disability. Conclusion: The results obtained support the decision-making process of physical therapists and health professionals.

Resumo Introdução: A Medida de Independência Funcional é um instrumento de avaliação que reconhece as características da evolução funcional dos deficientes físicos. Objetivo: Analisar os itens motores do nível da independência funcional das pessoas com deficiência física adquirida, residentes no município de Itajaí/SC. Método: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa com 164 pessoas com deficiência física adquirida, residentes na cidade de Itajaí. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas, tipo e causa da deficiência. Para analisar os aspectos que limitam ou contribuem para a independência funcional, foi aplicada a escala da Medida da Independência Funcional. Foram utilizados testes estatísticos para comparações de acordo com a natureza das variáveis. Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos (39%) apresentou de 41 a 60 anos, 44,5% referiram ensino fundamental, apenas 10,4% estão inseridos no mercado de trabalho e 60,4% recebem até 2 salários mínimos. No que se refere ao tipo de deficiência, as plegias estão presentes em 58% dos participantes, as paresias totalizaram 26,2% e os amputados foram 15,8% do total. A etiologia da deficiência foi relacionada principalmente a problemas neurológicos (43,3%). Na distribuição do escore médio das pessoas com deficiência física percebe-se que a metade da amostra apresentou escores médios acima de seis, e 67% acima de cinco, com diferenças significativas nas médias dos escores de independência de acordo com a ocupação e tipo de deficiência. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos fundamentam a tomada de decisão do fisioterapeuta e dos profissionais de saúde.

Resumen Introducción: La Medida de Independencia Funcional es un instrumento de evaluación que reconoce las características de la evolución funcional de los discapacitados y sus capacidades. Objetivo: Analizar los ítems motores del nivel de independencia funcional de las personas con discapacidad física adquirida, residentes en el municipio de Itajaí/SC. Método: Estudio transversal de abordaje cuantitativo con 164 personas con discapacidad física adquirida, residentes en la ciudad de Itajaí (Santa Catarina). Se recogieron variables socioeconómicas, tipo y causa de la discapacidad. Para analizar los aspectos que limitan o contribuyen a la independencia funcional, se aplicó la escala de la Medida de la Independencia Funcional. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas para comparaciones de acuerdo con la naturaleza de las variables. Resultados: La mayoría de los individuos (39%) tienen entre 41 y 60 años, el 44,5% referenció enseñanza fundamental, apenas 10,4% están insertos en el mercado de trabajo y el 60,4% recibe hasta 2 salarios mínimos. En lo que se refiere al tipo de discapacidad, las plegias están presentes en el 58% de los participantes, las parejas totalizaron el 26,2% y los amputados fueron el 15,8% del total. La etiología de la deficiencia se relacionó principalmente con problemas neurológicos (43,3%). En la distribución del puntaje medio de las personas con discapacidad física se percibe que la mitad de la muestra presentó índices medios por encima de seis y un 67% por encima de cinco, con diferencias significativas en las medias de los índices de independencia de acuerdo con la ocupación y el tipo de discapacidad. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos fundamentan la toma de decisión del fisioterapeuta y de los profesionales de salud.

Influences of climate change on the potential distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis sensu lato (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).

This study explores the present day distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in relation to climate, and transfers the knowledge gained to likely future climatic conditions to predict changes in the species' potential distribution. We used ecological niche models calibrated based on occurrences of the species complex from across its known geographic range. Anticipated distributional changes varied by region, from stability to expansion or decline. Overall, models indicated no significant north-south expansion beyond present boundaries. However, some areas suitable both at present and in the future (e.g., Pacific coast of Ecuador and Peru) may offer opportunities for distributional expansion. Our models anticipated potential range expansion in southern Brazil and Argentina, but were variably successful in anticipating specific cases. The most significant climate-related change anticipated in the species' range was with regard to range continuity in the Amazon Basin, which is likely to increase in coming decades. Rather than making detailed forecasts of actual locations where Lu. longipalpis will appear in coming years, our models make interesting and potentially important predictions of broader-scale distributional tendencies that can inform heath policy and mitigation efforts.

Susceptibility of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) to cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron in southern Brazil

Susceptibility of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) to cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron in southern Brazil. The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), is an important insect pest in poultry houses in Brazil. Susceptibility of the lesser mealworm collected from eight poultry houses in Paraná state, southern Brazil, was evaluated for cypermethrin, dichlorvos and triflumuron. Adult A. diaperinus were tested in bioassays with cypermethrin and dichlorvos. Larvae were fed rabbit feed wetted with a triflumuron-water solution. Concentration-mortality regressions were estimated using Probit analysis and resistance ratios were calculated based on the susceptible population. Among the field populations evaluated, cypermethrin LC50 values for adults, ranged from 68.1 to 6,263 ng (AI)/cm². LC50 values for adults challenged with dichlorvos ranged from 10.3 to 1,385 ng (AI)/cm². One population from Pato Branco showed reduced susceptibility to triflumuron (LC50 = 272 µg (AI)/ml of solution) when compared to the most susceptible population (LC50 = 109.8 µg (AI)/ml). Application of cypermethrin and dichlorvos analogues should be managed with caution to minimize insecticide resistance problems.

Suscetibilidade de Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) a cipermetrina, diclorvós e triflumurom no sul do Brasil. O cascudinho, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), é uma importante praga em aviários no Brasil. A suscetibilidade do cascudinho à cipermetrina, diclorvós e triflumurom foi avaliada em oito aviários do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Adultos de A. diaperinus foram testados mediante bioensaios com cipermetrina e diclorvós. As larvas foram alimentadas com ração para coelhos impregnada com suspensões de triflumurom. As regressões de concentração-mortalidade foram estimadas usando análise de Probit e as razões de resistência calculadas com base na população suscetível. Entre as populações de campo avaliadas, os valores da CL50 para adultos tratados com cipermetrina variaram entre 68,1 to 6.263 ng (IA)/cm². Os valores da CL50 para adultos tratados com diclorvós variaram de 10,3 to 1.385 ng (IA)/cm². Uma população de Pato Branco apresentou reduzida suscetibilidade ao triflumurom (CL50 = 272 µg (IA)/ml), quando comparada à população mais suscetível (CL50 = 109,8 µg (IA)/ml de solução). Cipermetrina, diclorvós e análogos devem ser manejados e aplicados com cautela para minimizar os problemas de resistência a inseticidas.

Vectorial competence of larvae and adults of Alphitobius diaperinus in the transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry.

INTRODUCTION: The ingestion of food products originating from poultry infected with Salmonella spp. is one of the major causes of food poisoning in humans. The control of poultry salmonellosis is particularly difficult since birds are asymptomatic and numerous factors may expedite the maintenance of bacteria in poultry production facilities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the vectorial capacity of adults and larvae of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the experimental transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 to 1-day-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chicks. METHODS: Adult insects and larvae were starved for 1 day, fed for 24 h or 7 days on sterile ration that had been treated with Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4, and the levels of bacterial infection were determined. Infected adult insects and larvae were fed to groups of day-old chicks, after which bacteria were recovered from cecum, liver, and spleen samples over a 7-day period. RESULTS: Infected larvae were more efficient than adult insects in transmitting Salmonella Enteritidis to chicks. Higher concentrations of bacteria could be reisolated from the cecum, liver, and spleen of chicks that had ingested infected larvae compared with those that had ingested infected adults. CONCLUSIONS: The control of A. diaperinus, and particularly of the larvae, represents a critical factor in the reduction of Salmonella spp. in poultry farms.