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1.
Int Emerg Nurs ; 47: 100792, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31679969

RESUMO

Shortage of quantitative studies regarding health risks for emergency services workers is a concern for Chilean's occupational health organizations. OBJECTIVE: To explore the incidence of violence and burnout in emergency services of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, and associations with workers' characteristics and workplace conditions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to August 2016. A self-reported questionnaire explored about frequency and seriousness of violence episodes and about symptoms of burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS: Of the 565 workers participating, 71% (95% CI 66.7-74.5) said violence episodes occurred at least once a week; 71.3% (95% CI 67.3-75.0) were victims of some aggression in the previous 12 months. Patients companions, relatives or friends arose as the main aggressors and the severity of the episodes was considered slight or moderate by more than 50% of participants. Fifty-seven respondents (10.5%, CI 95% 8.1-13.5) classified as having a burnout syndrome. Having been a victim of violence was associated to high emotional exhaustion (ORadj = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.8) and depersonalization (ORadj = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.3). CONCLUSIONS: Violence is a problem in the emergency departments of Chile's Metropolitan Region. Burnout is also present and independently associated to violence.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Violência no Trabalho/psicologia , Adulto , Esgotamento Profissional/etiologia , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/métodos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/normas , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/normas , Violência no Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Rev Panam Salud Publica ; 34(4): 257-66, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24301737

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Synthesize and assess the available scientific evidence from the period 2008-2012 on interventions of demonstrated efficacy in the treatment and rehabilitation of adolescents and adults engaged in the problematic use of alcohol and other substances. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken with search and analysis of national and international literature on the subject in Spanish and English in the main international databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, PsycINFO, SciELO, the databases of the York University Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (DARE, ETS Database), the Cochrane Library, and other sources of gray literature. The search criteria included randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews but excluded observational studies, qualitative studies, and articles of poor methodological quality. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 69 studies. The psychosocial interventions shown to be effective were cognitive behavioral therapy, family interventions, self-help interventions using the Internet, couples behavioral therapy, community strengthening and family training, telephone monitoring and support, and integrated therapy for substance abuse disorder with anxiety and depression comorbidity. Pharmacological interventions of demonstrated effectiveness were acamprosate, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and benzodiazepines in problematic alcohol use, as well as maintenance therapy with high-dose opioids. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated effectiveness of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions is slight but significant. However, strongly multidisciplinary interventions that use a cognitive behavioral approach and the involvement of people close to the consumer, as well as some of the specific pharmacological interventions, have been shown to yield the best results in terms of indicators of abstinence and prevention of relapses.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos
3.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 34(4): 257-266, Oct. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-695396

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Sintetizar y valorar la evidencia científica disponible durante el período 2008-2012, respecto de las intervenciones con eficacia demostrada en el tratamiento y rehabilitación de personas adolescentes y adultas con consumo problemático de alcohol y otras sustancias. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con búsqueda y análisis de la literatura nacional e internacional, en español e inglés, consultando las principales bases de datos internacionales, incluyendo PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SciELO, bases de datos del Centro para Revisión y Diseminación de la Universidad de York (DARE, HTA Database), Cochrane Library y otras fuentes de literatura gris. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, revisiones sistemáticas, y se excluyeron estudios observacionales, estudios cualitativos y artículos de baja calidad metodológica. RESULTADOS: La muestra final consistió en 69 estudios. Las intervenciones psicosociales con eficacia demostrada fueron terapia cognitivo conductual; intervenciones de tipo familiar; intervenciones de autoayuda vía Internet; terapia conductual de pareja; refuerzo comunitario y entrenamiento familiar; seguimiento y apoyo telefónico, y terapia integrada del trastorno por abuso de sustancia con comorbilidad ansiosa y depresiva. Las intervenciones farmacológicas con eficacia demostrada fueron acamprosato, dietilamida de ácido lisérgico (LSD) y benzodiacepinas en el consumo problemático de alcohol, y la terapia de mantención con opioides en altas dosis. CONCLUSIONES: La eficacia demostrada de las intervenciones psicosociales y farmacológicas es pequeña, pero significativa. Son las intervenciones marcadamente multidisciplinarias, con enfoque cognitivo conductual e involucramiento de personas significativas allegadas al consumidor, las que han demostrado tener mejores resultados en indicadores de abstinencia y prevención de recaídas, así como también algunas intervenciones farmacológicas específicas.


OBJECTIVE: Synthesize and assess the available scientific evidence from the period 2008-2012 on interventions of demonstrated efficacy in the treatment and rehabilitation of adolescents and adults engaged in the problematic use of alcohol and other substances. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken with search and analysis of national and international literature on the subject in Spanish and English in the main international databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase, PsycINFO, SciELO, the databases of the York University Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (DARE, ETS Database), the Cochrane Library, and other sources of gray literature. The search criteria included randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews but excluded observational studies, qualitative studies, and articles of poor methodological quality. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 69 studies. The psychosocial interventions shown to be effective were cognitive behavioral therapy, family interventions, self-help interventions using the Internet, couples behavioral therapy, community strengthening and family training, telephone monitoring and support, and integrated therapy for substance abuse disorder with anxiety and depression comorbidity. Pharmacological interventions of demonstrated effectiveness were acamprosate, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and benzodiazepines in problematic alcohol use, as well as maintenance therapy with high-dose opioids. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated effectiveness of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions is slight but significant. However, strongly multidisciplinary interventions that use a cognitive behavioral approach and the involvement of people close to the consumer, as well as some of the specific pharmacological interventions, have been shown to yield the best results in terms of indicators of abstinence and prevention of relapses.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia
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