RESUMO
We aimed to study the influences of active epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID) on the serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) by determining levels in 74 patients with developmental disorder with epilepsy and 63 healthy controls. The patients showed significantly higher IL-6 levels than the controls (4.1±4.5pg/ml vs. 2.1±1.0pg/ml; p<0.001). High seizure frequency and severe intellectual disability emerged as predictors for elevated serum levels of IL-6.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/sangue , Deficiência Intelectual/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Autístico/sangue , Transtorno Autístico/complicações , Síndrome de Down/sangue , Síndrome de Down/complicações , Quimioterapia Combinada , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/etiologia , Epilepsia/genética , Epilepsia/psicologia , Feminino , Hipocampo/patologia , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Inflamação , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Experimentally induced seizures are associated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the nervous system. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been found after a single generalized seizure in human patients. After prolonged seizures, levels of IL-6 have been shown to be even higher compared with single seizures. In the present study, we determined the levels of proconvulsive IL-1beta and anticonvulsive IL-1ra in cerebrospinal fluid after single tonic-clonic seizures as well as after prolonged seizures. METHODS: The levels of cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: We found that after single seizures, a slight increase in anticonvulsive IL-1ra levels was found; however, after prolonged partial or recurrent tonic-clonic seizures, the levels of IL-1ra were significantly elevated, together with decreased IL-1beta levels. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that after severe seizures, the balance between IL-1-type cytokines is changed towards a neuroprotective and anticonvulsive direction with an overproduction of IL-1ra with respect to potentially neurotoxic IL-1beta. This reaction may serve as a defense mechanism of the nervous system against excitotoxic neuronal damage.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Epilepsia/imunologia , Proteína Antagonista do Receptor de Interleucina 1/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Interleucina-1beta/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Convulsões/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Convulsões/imunologia , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doença Crônica , Citoproteção/imunologia , Regulação para Baixo/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Neurotoxinas/metabolismo , Recidiva , Convulsões/fisiopatologia , Regulação para Cima/imunologiaRESUMO
Here we study the role of a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), in epilepsy. To examine this problem, we used human recombinant IL-6 applied intranasally (400 ng/40 microl) to rats 1h before seizures induced by systemic injection of pentylenenetrazole (PTZ, 75 mg/kg). Overall, compared to the saline-treated control animals (n = 11 in each group), IL-6-treated rats demonstrated elevated levels of IL-6 in the frontal lobe (measured by ELISA) and increased severity of PTZ-induced seizures (shorter latency, longer duration and higher mortality). Our findings show that IL-6 plays a pro-convulsant role in the brain and suggest that the IL-6 system may be a novel target for the development of anticonvulsant drugs.
