An Insight by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches to Contributions and Variations of the Key Odorants in Shiitake Mushrooms.

An insight using molecular sensory science approaches to the contributions and variations of the key odorants in shiitake mushrooms is revealed in this study. Odorants were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and direct solvent extraction combined with solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (DSE-SAFE) in fresh and hot-air-dried shiitake mushrooms. Among them, 18 and 22 predominant odorants were determined by detection frequency analysis (DFA) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) in the fresh and dried samples, respectively. The contributions of these predominant odorants in the food matrix were determined by quantification and odor activity values (OAVs) with aroma recombination verification. There were 13 and 14 odorants identified as key contributing odorants to overall aroma, respectively. 1-Octen-3-ol and 1-octen-3-one were the most key contributing odorants in the fresh samples in contributing mushroom-like odor. After hot-air-drying, the OAV and concentrations on dry basis of the key contributing odorants changed, due to oxidation, degradation, caramelization and Maillard reactions of fatty acids, polysaccharides and amino acids. 1-Octen-3-ol was reduced most significantly and degraded to 1-hydroxy-3-octanone, while phenylethyl alcohol increased the most and was formed by phenylalanine. In hot-air-dried samples, lenthionine became the most important contributor and samples were characterized by a sulfury odor. Overall contributions and variations of odorants to the aroma of shiitake mushrooms were revealed at the molecular level.

Risk factor analysis of perioperative mortality after ruptured bleeding in hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To discuss strategies and prognosis for the emergency treatment of ruptured bleeding in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: The retrospective analysis was performed by examining the emergency treatment experiences of 60 cases of ruptured bleeding in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The treatment methods included surgical tumour resection, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and non-surgical treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors that impacted 30-d mortality in the research groups. RESULTS: The 30-d mortality of all patients was 28.3% (n = 17). The univariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh C level liver function, shock, massive blood transfusion and large tumour volume were risk factors that influenced 30-d mortality. The multivariate analysis showed that shock and massive blood transfusion were independent risk factors that impacted the 30-d mortality of surgical resection. As for the TAE patients, larger tumour volume was a risk factor towards prognosis. CONCLUSION: Radical resection and TAE therapy would achieve better results in carefully selected ruptured hepatocellular tumours.