Feasibility of the application of mixed reality in mandible reconstruction with fibula flap: A cadaveric specimen study.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, a new technology, mixed reality (MR), has emerged and surpassed the limitations of augmented reality (AR) with its inability to interact with hologram. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the application of MR in mandible reconstruction with fibula flap. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) examination was performed for one cadaveric mandible and ten fibula bones. Using professional software Proplan CMF 3.0 (Materialize, Leuven, Belgium), we created a defected mandibular model and simulated the reconstruction design with these 10 fibula bones. The surgical plans were transferred to the HoloLens. We used HoloLens to guide the osteotomy and shaping of the fibular bone. After fixing the fibular segments using the Ti template, all segments underwent a CT examination. Before and after objects were compared for measurements of the location of fibular osteotomies, angular deviation of fibular segments, and intergonial angle distances. RESULTS: The mean location of the fibular osteotomies, angular deviation of the fibular segments, and intergonial angle distances were 2.11 ± 1.31 mm, 2.85°± 1.97°, and 7.24 ± 3.42 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The experimental results revealed that slight deviations remained in the accuracy of fibular osteotomy. With the further development of technology, it has the potential to improve the efficiency and precision of the reconstructive surgery.

Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibiting activity of cardiac glycosides from Erysimum cheiranthoides.

We previously reported the isolation of eleven new cardiac glycosides called cheiranthosides I-XI together with two known ones (olitoriside and erysimoside) from the seeds of Erysimum cheiranthoides L. The glycosides were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Na+,K(+)-ATPase by comparing with typical cardiac glycosides. Two of them, cheiranthoside III and VIII, showed high inhibiting activity which was equivalent to that of digitoxin. Cheiranthoside XI containing a rhamnopyranosyl digitoxopyranosyl moiety and a carboxyl group showed the lowest activity which was similar to that of the inactive aglycone, strophanthidin. Some characteristics in the structure-activity relationship are also discussed.

Four new triterpene glycosides from Thalictrum squarrosum.

Four new triterpene glycosides were isolated from the dried aerial parts of Thalictrum squarrosum (Ranunculaceae). They were designated as squarroside I, being a cycloartane-type glycoside, and squarrosides II, III and IV, being oleanene-type glycosides. Their structures were established by using two dimensional (2D) NMR techniques.

Cardiac glycosides from Erysimum cheiranthoides.

Two new cardiac glycosides called cheiranthosides VI (2) and VII (3) were isolated together with a known one, glucoerysimoside (1) from the seeds of Erysimum cheiranthoides. Based on spectroscopic data, the structures of 2 and 3 were characterized as periplogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-fucopyranoside and periplogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-antiaropyranoside, respectively.

[Expression of 3'-truncated preS/S gene in transgenic mice].

The 3'-truncated preS/S region from HBV genome, encoding a transcriptional transactivator, was cloned and a recombination expression vector for 3'-truncated HBV preS/S sequences under the control of the CMV promoter was constructed by recombination DNA techniques. Then, the expression vector DNA was microinjected into pronuclei of fertilized mouse oocytes. Founders of transgenic mice harbouring the recombination gene which can be expressed were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at genomic DNA level and confirmed by ELISA andlysis at protein level. Two of 15 mice in one series of microinjections showed the expression of 3'-truncated preS/S gene from HBV genome. The expression vector of 3'-truncated preS/S gene might be helpful for further studies of relationship between the expression production of 3'-truncated preS/S sequence and HBV-associated oncogenesis in vitro. The transgenic mice with expressing 3'-truncated preS/S gene will provide new insight into its roles in the development of human hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) in vivo.

Cardenolides from Erysimum cheiranthoides.

Three new cardiac glycosides were isolated along with two known cardenolides from the seeds of Erysimum cheiranthoides. The new ones were characterized by spectral methods as 16 beta-hydroxystrophanthidin (strophadogenin) 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-boiviopyranoside, strophadogenin 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-digitoxopyranoside and strophanthidin 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-digitoxopyranoside, named cheiranthosides I, II and III, respectively.