Topographical and histological analysis of keratinized mucosal grafts removal techniques an ex-vivo study in porcine mandibles.

The aim of this study was to assess the surface and tissue quality of keratinized mucosa grafts (KMG) obtained using the conventional scalpel and mucotome techniques. This was an experimental in vitro/ex vivo study involving six porcine hemi-mandibles. Specimens were harvested using both the mucotome and conventional scalpel techniques, with randomization determining the choice of technique for tissue removal. The specimens were prepared following predefined laboratory protocols and subsequently subjected to optical microscopy for evaluating epithelial and connective tissue and scanning electron microscopy for topographical and 3D profilometry analysis. Tissues harvested using the mucotome exhibited a linear base and uniform thickness, along with the presence of submucosa and fibrous connective tissue, all of which are ideal for graft success. Differences in the surface characteristics of specimens obtained through the two techniques were observed during a comparative analysis of images obtained through both microscopy types. KMG obtained using the mucotome technique displayed greater uniformity and reduced undesirable cell presence compared to the scalpel technique, thereby enhancing the likelihood of success in soft tissue graft surgical procedures. This study provides valuable insights to oral healthcare professionals and may contribute to future research aimed at achieving more successful surgeries, shorter postoperative recovery times, reduced discomfort, and an overall more positive patient experience.

Implant survival/success and peri-implant outcomes of titanium-zirconium mini implants for mandibular overdentures: Results from a 1-year randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To report the 1-year implant survival/success and peri-implant outcomes of mandibular overdentures retained by four titanium-zirconium mini implants (Straumann® Mini Implant System), and to assess how surgery and loading protocols influence these outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the combined effects of two loading protocols (immediate or delayed) and two surgical approaches (flapless or flapped) on the success/survival of the mini implants, and peri-implant parameters (plaque, bleeding, sulcus depth, gingival position, and marginal bone loss). Outcomes were assessed up to 1-year after loading, and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analyze longitudinal and within-patient clustered data. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-six implants were placed in 74 patients. The implant survival/success rates after 1 year were 100%, and no major biological complications were observed. After 1-year, descriptive data suggest no noticeable changes in plaque scores, whilst a reduction in bleeding scores at the 6-month and 1-year follow-ups compared to baseline. Good longitudinal stability was observed for the probing depth and gingival margin height measures. Overall mean marginal bone loss was 0.68 (±0.68) mm after 3 months and 0.89 (±0.75) mm after 1-year. The flapless protocol showed better results on soft tissue stability and health but a slightly higher risk for marginal bone loss. CONCLUSION: The results of this RCT suggest that mandibular overdentures retained by this novel mini implant system represent a safe and predictable treatment option as confirmed by implant survival/success and peri-implant outcomes, even when flapless surgery and immediate loading protocols are adopted.

Mandibular bone characteristics, drilling protocols, and final insertion torque for titanium-zirconium mini-implants for overdentures: A cross-sectional analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the final insertion torque values achieved using site-specific drilling protocols for a novel mini implant system for removable complete overdentures. Anatomical and technical factors influencing final insertion torque were recorded and analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants were randomized to two surgical protocol groups (flapped or flapless) and all received four mini implants (Straumann® mini implant system; Straumann AG) in the anterior mandible, using a 1.6 mm needle drill and a 2.2 mm pilot drill for the implant bed site preparation. The final insertion torque was recorded as the main outcome variable during surgery. Bone type, radiographical bone density, ridge form, implant length, and the drilling protocol were considered as independent variables. Descriptive statistics, generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression, and heatmap charts were used for data analyses. RESULTS: A total of 296 mini implants were placed in 74 patients (mean age = 64.1 ± 8.0; 64.9% female) using flapless (n = 37) or flapped (n = 37) surgeries. Mean final insertion torque was 55.8 ± 18.4 Ncm (10.5% > 35 Ncm, 48.9% between 35 and 65 Ncm, and 40.6% > 65 Ncm). The needle drill was used in only 43.9% of the implant bed sites. Higher final torque values were observed for higher bone densities (bone type I > II > III, and D1-D2 > D3-D4), highly resorbed ridge forms (5-6 > 3-4), flapped surgeries, and male patients. However, regression models showed that the likelihood of achieving optimal insertion torque (≥35 and ≤65 Ncm) was higher for females (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.14-4.01; p = 0.018), ridge forms 3-4 (OR = 2.87; 95%CI = 1.05-7.85; p = 0.040), and flapless surgeries (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.09-3.51; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Sufficient primary stability for immediate loading was achieved for the majority of the mini implants placed. Surgical implant bed preparation should be site-specific to achieve optimal primary stability for immediate loading while avoiding excessive insertion torque.

Flapped versus flapless surgery and delayed versus immediate loading for a four mini implant mandibular overdenture: A RCT on post-surgical symptoms and short-term clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: This factorial randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the effects of the surgical approach (flapped-FPS vs. flapless-FLS surgery) and loading protocol (delayed-DL vs. immediate-IL) for treatment with a four mini implant mandibular overdenture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 296 one-piece titanium-zirconium mini-implants were inserted in 74 patients (IL/FLS = 17; IL/FPS = 18; DL/FLS = 20; and DL/FPS = 19). Outcomes included patient's perceived surgical burdens, clinical time, implant survival, and post-surgical symptoms and complications, assessed immediately after surgery, in the 7-day and 6-week follow-ups. RESULTS: Perceived surgical burdens were relatively low, higher for females, and no difference was found between FPS and FLS surgery. Surgical time was lower for FLS surgery. Overall symptoms were mild after 24 h, and higher for females. Less symptoms were recorded for the FLS surgery compared to the FPS for the delayed loading patients, and FLS surgery was associated with a lower risk of bleeding. No early implant failure was observed until the 6-week follow-up. Delayed was associated with discontinuous use of the prosthesis and poor function. Lower complaint rates were observed for immediate loading regardless of the surgery protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Mini implants for mandibular overdenture are a feasible option regardless of surgical access and loading protocol, with high safety and predictable survival rates, and low incidence of post-insertion complications. FLS surgery requires less clinical time and results in easier intraoral prosthetic incorporation of attachments compared to FPS surgeries. Immediate loading did not increase the risk of early implant failure when satisfactory primary stability was achieved.

Postsurgical oral symptoms after insertion of one or two implants for mandibular overdentures: short-term results of a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the short-term postsurgical symptoms after insertion of one or two implants for retention of a mandibular overdenture. This study investigated whether the less invasive single-implant approach results in lower postoperative symptoms compared to the conventional two-implant overdenture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients received new complete dentures and were randomly assigned to groups receiving one or two single-stage, early-loaded hydrophilic implants, inserted in the midline (n = 23), or the lateral incisor-canine area bilaterally (n = 24). Patient-reported postoperative symptoms were measured in a 0-100 visual analogue scale concerning pain in the surgical area, pain when chewing, bleeding, swelling, and unpleasantness. Data collection occurred 24 h and 7 and 21 days after surgery. Demographic and clinical features (smoking habit, classification of the residual ridges, and mucosal width and thickness at the implant sites), osteotomy for alveolar bone reduction, and surgery time were tested as predictors of symptom levels. RESULTS: Overall reported symptoms were mild and self-limited, with high rates of complete remission after the early loading period of 3 weeks. Progressive improvement of symptoms occurred from the 24-h to the 7-day and 21-day follow-ups (p < 0.001), similarly in both groups. None of the clinical predictors was significantly associated with the changes in symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the insertion of one or two implants may result in similar postoperative outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The severity of short-term postoperative symptoms may not be a critical factor for the decision between overdenture treatment with one or two implants.

Immediate Rehabilitation of Elderly Patient with Large Proportion Residual Cyst / Reabilitação Imediata de Paciente Idoso com Cisto Residual de Grande Proporção

Residual cyst is consequence of a radicular cyst incomplete removal. This paper presents the case of a patient with residual cyst of unusual size located in the pre-maxilla causing large bone defect rehabilitated by titanium mesh. A 78-year-old male patient with good general health sought treatment reporting maladjustment of the upper dental prosthesis due to a volumetric increase with one year of evolution. Patient history and clinical and complementary exams led to diagnosis of residual cyst. Due to the cyst size and bone resorption, after the lesionremoval, a titanium mesh was fixed and a membrane positioned, in an attempt to reduce bone deformity and induce tissue repair to avoid functional and aesthetic sequelae. The treatment restored maxillary sinus health and provided satisfactory aesthetic contours to the patient's face, enabling a proper prosthetic rehabilitation and proved to be a viable alternative for the treatment of similar cases. (AU).

O cisto residual é consequência da remoção incompleta de um cisto radicular. Este artigo apresenta o caso de um paciente com cisto residual de tamanho incomum localizado na região pré-maxilar causando grande defeito ósseo reabilitado com uso de tela de titânio. Paciente do sexo masculino, 78 anos, com boa saúde geral procurou tratamento com desajuste da prótese dentária superior, devido a um aumento volumétrico com um ano de evolução. A história do paciente e exames clínicos e complementares levaram ao diagnóstico de cisto residual. Devido ao tamanho do cisto e à reabsorção óssea, após a remoção da lesão, uma tela de titânio foi fixada e uma membrana posicionada, na tentativa de reduzir a deformidade óssea e induzir a reparação tecidual para evitar sequelas funcionais e estéticas. O tratamento restaurou a saúde do seio maxilar e forneceu contornos estéticos satisfatórios para a face do paciente, permitindo uma reabilitação protética adequada e provou ser uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de casos semelhantes. (AU).

Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on implant planning and on prediction of implant size.

The aim was to investigate the impact of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on implant planning and on prediction of final implant size. Consecutive patients referred for implant treatment were submitted to clinical examination, panoramic (PAN) radiography and a CBCT exam. Initial planning of implant length and width was assessed based on clinical and PAN exams, and final planning, on CBCT exam to complement diagnosis. The actual dimensions of the implants placed during surgery were compared with those obtained during initial and final planning, using the McNemmar test (p < 0.05). The final sample comprised 95 implants in 27 patients, distributed over the maxilla and mandible. Agreement in implant length was 50.5% between initial and final planning, and correct prediction of the actual implant length was 40.0% and 69.5%, using PAN and CBCT exams, respectively. Agreement in implant width assessment ranged from 69.5% to 73.7%. A paired comparison of the frequency of changes between initial or final planning and implant placement (McNemmar test) showed greater frequency of changes in initial planning for implant length (p < 0.001), but not for implant width (p = 0.850). The frequency of changes was not influenced by implant location at any stage of implant planning (chi-square test, p > 0.05). It was concluded that CBCT improves the ability of predicting the actual implant length and reduces inaccuracy in surgical dental implant planning.

Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on implant planning and on prediction of implant size

The aim was to investigate the impact of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on implant planning and on prediction of final implant size. Consecutive patients referred for implant treatment were submitted to clinical examination, panoramic (PAN) radiography and a CBCT exam. Initial planning of implant length and width was assessed based on clinical and PAN exams, and final planning, on CBCT exam to complement diagnosis. The actual dimensions of the implants placed during surgery were compared with those obtained during initial and final planning, using the McNemmar test (p < 0.05). The final sample comprised 95 implants in 27 patients, distributed over the maxilla and mandible. Agreement in implant length was 50.5% between initial and final planning, and correct prediction of the actual implant length was 40.0% and 69.5%, using PAN and CBCT exams, respectively. Agreement in implant width assessment ranged from 69.5% to 73.7%. A paired comparison of the frequency of changes between initial or final planning and implant placement (McNemmar test) showed greater frequency of changes in initial planning for implant length (p < 0.001), but not for implant width (p = 0.850). The frequency of changes was not influenced by implant location at any stage of implant planning (chi-square test, p > 0.05). It was concluded that CBCT improves the ability of predicting the actual implant length and reduces inaccuracy in surgical dental implant planning.

Risk factors for maxillofacial injuries in a Brazilian emergency hospital sample.

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial injuries occur in a significant number of trauma patients. Epidemiological assessments are essential to reaffirm patterns, identify new trends and develop clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention of these injuries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with maxillofacial trauma treated at a referral emergency hospital for the Public Health System in the State Capital of Goiás, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed including 530 patients with maxillofacial trauma, 76% male, with a mean age of 25.5+/-15.0 years. Data were collected between May 2003 and August 2004 over weekly shift-working periods. RESULTS: The main causes of trauma were traffic accidents (45.7%) and physical assaults (24.3%), and differences in etiological factors were identified according to gender (p<0.001). The distribution of patients according to age and etiology showed significant differences for traffic accidents (p<0.01), physical assaults (p<0.001), falls (p<0.001) and sport injuries (p<0.01). In the multinomial logistic regression analysis (R(2) = 0.233; p<0.05), age was associated with injury in traffic accidents and falls (p<0.01), sports-related accidents were associated with males (p<0.05), and alcohol consumption with assaults and traffic accidents (p<0.001). Facial soft tissue lesions were found in 98% of patients and facial fractures in 51%. CONCLUSIONS: The significant association of maxillofacial trauma with young males and alcohol consumption reinforces the need for educational strategies and the development of policies for the prevention and reduction of associated damage in this specific risk group.

Risk factors for maxillofacial injuries in a Brazilian emergency hospital sample

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial injuries occur in a significant number of trauma patients. Epidemiological assessments are essential to reaffirm patterns, identify new trends and develop clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention of these injuries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with maxillofacial trauma treated at a referral emergency hospital for the Public Health System in the State Capital of Goiás, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed including 530 patients with maxillofacial trauma, 76 percent male, with a mean age of 25.5±15.0 years. Data were collected between May 2003 and August 2004 over weekly shift-working periods. RESULTS: The main causes of trauma were traffic accidents (45.7 percent) and physical assaults (24.3 percent), and differences in etiological factors were identified according to gender (p<0.001). The distribution of patients according to age and etiology showed significant differences for traffic accidents (p<0.01), physical assaults (p<0.001), falls (p<0.001) and sport injuries (p<0.01). In the multinomial logistic regression analysis (R² = 0.233; p<0.05), age was associated with injury in traffic accidents and falls (p<0.01), sports-related accidents were associated with males (p<0.05), and alcohol consumption with assaults and traffic accidents (p<0.001). Facial soft tissue lesions were found in 98 percent of patients and facial fractures in 51 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The significant association of maxillofacial trauma with young males and alcohol consumption reinforces the need for educational strategies and the development of policies for the prevention and reduction of associated damage in this specific risk group.

Implant-supported obturator overdenture for extensive maxillary resection patient: a clinical report.

This clinical report presents an implant-retained obturator overdenture solution for a Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index Class IV maxillectomy patient with a large oronasal communication and severe facial asymmetry, loss of upper lip and midfacial support, severe impairment of mastication, deglutition, phonetics, and speech intelligibility. Due to insufficient bone support to provide satisfactory zygomaticus implant anchorage, conventional implants were placed in the body of the left zygomatic arch and in the right maxillary tuberosity. Using a modified impression technique, a cobalt-chromium alloy framework with three overdenture attachments was constructed to retain a complete maxillary obturator. Patient-reported functional and quality of life measure outcomes were dramatically improved after treatment and at the two-year follow-up.

Passagem de corpos estranhos pela orofaringe durante tratamento odontológico: abordagem clínica e odontolegal / Passage of foreign bodies through the oropharynx during dental treatment: a clinical and forensic dental approach

A passagem de corpos estranhos pela orofaringe durante o tratamento odontológico constitui um acidente que pode colocar em risco a vida do paciente. Dependendo da via seguida, o objeto pode ser deglutido ou aspirado. Na primeira situação, a maioria dos casos passa sem maiores problemas pelo trato gastrointestinal. Por outro lado, os objetos aspirados normalmente resultam em quadros agudos, como as obstruções das vias aéreas que podem ou não necessitar de uma intervenção invasiva. Além das complicações clínicas, outras questões de natureza ético-legais podem ser levantadas acerca da responsabilidade do Cirurgão-Dentista, tais como eventuais despesas médicas e possibilidade de processos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso clínico de deglutição de corpo estranho durante a execução de tratamento odontológico, discutindo as principais implicações numa abordagem clínica e odontolegal. Considerando que a prevenção constitui o principal fator para se evitar esse tipo de acidente, os autores propõem um fluxograma de condutas a serem observadas pelo cirurgião-dentista, em que este deve possuir o conhecimento necessário para estabelecer um rápido diagnóstico e pronto-atendimento ao paciente, minimizando as possíveis repercussões de natureza clínica e legal.

The accidental falling of a foreign body into the oropharynx during dental treatment may put the patient?s life at risk. Depending on where the foreign body is lodged, it will be swallowed or inhaled. If the first case, it will most commonly travel through the gastrointestinal tract without problems. In the second, it will most probably cause acute injuries such as obstruction of the airway, which may require an invasive intervention. In addition to clinical complications, other questions of legal and ethical nature may be raised concerning the dentist?s liability for professional misconduct, such as reimbursement of medical expenses incurred by the patient and the possibility of facing legal action. This paper, thus, set out to present a clinical case of deglutition of a foreign body during dental treatment and discuss its main clinical and legal implications. Considering that prevention is the main factor in avoiding this sort of accident, the authors propose a flow chart with the steps to be followed by the dentist, who should possess the necessary knowledge to ensure the prompt diagnosis and treatment of the patient, thereby minimizing possible clinical and legal repercussions.

Reparo alveolar após implante de vidro bioativo: avaliação histológica em macacos / Alveolar wound healing following implantation of bioactive glass: histologic evaluation in monkeys

Há grande interesse no desenvolvimento de meios para manutenção ou recomposição alveolar visando a instalação de implantes osseointegráveis. No presente estudo o processo de reparo alveolar após implante de vidro bioativo (Biogran®) foi avaliado histologicamente. Quatro macacos-prego (Cebus apella) adultos tiveram seus incisivos superiores extraídos e os alvéolos preenchidos com vidro bioativo - Biogran® (Grupo Tratado, n=6 alvéolos) ou por coágulo sangüíneo (Grupo Controle, n=4 alvéolos). Aos 100 dias pós-operatórios os animais foram sacrificados e os espécimes removidos para processamento histológico. Observou-se que os alvéolos do Grupo Controle apresentavam tecido ósseo maduro distribuído irregularmente em trabéculas esparsas com grandes espaços medulares. Já no Grupo Tratado, encontravam-se preenchidos por uma rede de tecido ósseo neoformado com configuração lamelar e ampla ocupação alveolar. Os poucos fragmentos remanescentes do material foram vistos rodeados por tecido conjuntivo ou em contato direto com o tecido ósseo. Concluiu-se que o implante intra-alveolar de vidro bioativo favoreceu a neoformação óssea, atuando como agente osteocondutor

Avaliaçäo da conduta de cirurgiöes buco-maxilo-faciais na prevençäo de injúrias oculares em pacientes submetidos a intervençäo sob anestesia geral / Prevention of ocular injuries in patients submitted to general anaesthesia intervention. An oral and maxillofacial surgeon survey

O paciente submetido a anestesia geral torna-se vulnerável à ocorrência de injúrias oculares, sendo o risco aumentado quando se realizaram intervençöes na regiäo facial. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar a conduta de Cirurgiöes Buco-Maxilo-Faciais na prevençäo dessas injúrias. Para tanto, foi enviado um questionário abordando esse tema para 263 sócios do -Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial. Os resultados, obtidos a partir das respostas a 110 questionários, demonstraram que todos os participantes, sendo o mais empregado a aplicaçäo de tomada oftálmica associada ao fechamento palpebral com fita adesiva. Particularmente em cirurgias que incluem acesso palpebral, as codutas mais adotadas säo a aplicaçäo de pomada oftálmica e a tarsorrafia. Constatou-se, ainda, que a responsabilidade de realizaçäo da proteçäo ocular é compartilhada por cirurgiöes e anesresiologistas

Miíse humana associada a carcinoma epidermóide de lábio inferior / Human miiasis associated to inferior lips epidermoid carcinoma

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de associação entre duas relevantes patologias: carcinoma epidermóide (CE), a neoplasia maligna mais comum da cavidade bucal, e miíase, uma doença parasitária considerada incomum no homem, sendo mais prevalente em animais