Mycobacterial dermatitis.

Mycobacterial skin disease in cats associated with atypical mycobacteria is an uncommon disease in small animal practice, and the disease is rarely encountered in dogs. A mycobacterial etiology should be considered in cases of chronic nodular dermatitis, draining tracts, and panniculitis. Cats and dogs affected with atypical mycobacterial infections are usually otherwise healthy, and systemic illness is unusual. In most cases, a diagnosis is made based on histopathological findings and growth of a causative organism. Group IV atypical mycobacteria can usually be grown following submission of affected tissue. Treatment should be based on antibiotic sensitivity test results. Treatment is prolonged and is unsuccessful in many cases. In cases of feline leprosy and canine leproid granuloma syndrome, organisms are difficult if not impossible to grow, and clinical and histopathological findings should be used to make a diagnosis. Spontaneous resolution of disease has been reported in atypical mycobacteriosis, feline leprosy, and canine leproid granuloma syndrome.

Epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in Suffolk and Gulf Coast Native sheep with special emphasis on relative susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus infection.

An eight-year study was conducted to define the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematode infection in Suffolk and Gulf Coast Native (Native) breeds of sheep, and to determine if the Native sheep is more resistant to infection. For the initial three years, each breed grazed separate pastures where anthelmintic treatments were administered to individual animals on a salvage basis. For the last five years, both breeds grazed concurrently; anthelmintic treatments were administered to individual animals on a salvage basis for the first three years, and to all animals, when treatment criteria were met, for the last two years. The fecal egg count (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) were monitored, and tracer lamb nematode burdens were determined. Overall, FEC for both breeds increased in the spring (periparturient rise) for most years and in the summer for all years. Under separate grazing conditions, Native ewes and lambs had consistently lower infection levels than Suffolk ewes and lambs. During the haemonchosis season (June-September) each year, Suffolk ewe and lamb PCV decreased, and Native ewe and lamb PCV remained relatively stable. The salvage treatment protocol resulted in 27 treatments for Suffolk and one for Native ewes; similarly for lambs, 13 for Suffolk and zero for Native. Tracer lambs grazed with their respective breed, and the FEC and mean total nematode burden corresponded with the pattern of infection for their respective breed. The predominant nematodes found in Suffolk and Native tracer lambs were Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp., respectively. Under concurrent grazing conditions, the same seasonal repeatable pattern of infection was present and was exhibited by both breeds, with the Native ewes and lambs being consistently and significantly (p < or = 0.05) lower for FEC and higher for PCV. The salvage treatment protocol resulted in 57 and zero treatments for Suffolk and Native ewes, respectively; for lambs, 46 and 11. Tracer lamb nematode burdens again corresponded to their respective breed pattern of infection, with H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. being predominant in Suffolk and Native lambs, respectively. Data from all tracer lambs showed a relatively low level of hypobiosis (H. contortus only), and, although there was no consistent hypobiosis season, the tendency was for a higher level to occur in the fall. These results showed that the classic repeatable seasonal pattern of gastrointestinal nematode infection occurred in both breeds of sheep, and that Native sheep were more resistant to infection (specifically H. contortus) than Suffolk sheep.

A retrospective study of juvenile- and adult-onset generalized demodicosis in dogs (1986-91).

Abstract The medical records of 81 dogs (47 juvenile, 34 adult) with generalized demodicosis were reviewed. There was a significant difference in the distribution of breeds (juvenile P < 0.002, adult P < 0.001; chi squared) presented for demodicosis compared with the distribution of the same breeds presented to our practice during the same time period. Cocker Spaniels and mixed-breed dogs were likely to be under-represented in both the adult- and juvenile-onset groups. Significantly more miticidal treatments were required to achieve clinical remission in adult dogs with pustular demodicosis compared with juvenile dogs with pustular disease (P < 0.05; Kruskall-Wallis). Concurrent disease and associated drug administration were assessed for adult dogs with demodicosis. Of dogs with concurrent conditions (n=15), administration of corticosteroids and endogenous hyperadrenocorticism were recognized most often (10/15). Concurrent neoplastic, infectious, parasitic or metabolic disease was uncommon in dogs with adult-onset demodicosis. Résumé- Les dossiers médicaux de 81 chiens présentant des démodécies généralisées (47 formes juvéniles, 34 formes adultes) ont été analysés. Il existait une différence significative (forme juvénile P < 0.002, forme adulte P < 0.001) dans la distribution des races présentées pour démodécie par rapport aux mêmes races présentées à notre consultation à la même époque. Les cockers spaniels et les chiens métissés sont sous - représentés dans les deux groupes. Le nombre de traitements acaricides nécessaires pour obtenir une rémission clinique était significativement plus élevé chez les chiens adultes présentant une démodécie pustulcuse que chez les jeunes (P < 0.05; Kruskall-Wallis). La présence de pathologies intercurrentes ou iatrogènes a été recherchée chez les chiens adultes. Chez les chiens présentant une pathologie intercurrente (n=15), les diagnostics les plus fréquents (10/15), étaient l'administration de corticoïdes ou un hypercorticisme endogène. Une pathologie intercurrente de type néoplasique, infectieuse, parasitaire ou métabolique est rarement associée à la forme adulte de démodécie canine. [Lemarié, S.L., Hosgood G., Foil C.S. A retrospective study of juvenile- and adult-onset generalized demodicosis in dogs (1986-91) (Analyse retrospective de formes juveniles et de formes adultes de demodecie generalisee chez le chien (1986-91). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 3-10.] Resumen Se revisó la historia médica de 81 perros (47 jóvenes, 34 adultos) con demodicosis generalizada. Habia diferencias significativas en la distribución de razas (jóvenes P < 0.002, adulto P < 0.001; chi cuadrado) con una presentación de demodicosis comparado con la distribución de las mismas razas que se presentaron en nuestra consulta durante el mismo período. Los Cocker Spaniel y los cruzados tenían menos posibilidades de presentarse tanto en el grupo de perros jóvenes como en el de adultos. Se necesitaron tratamientos significativamente más miticidas para consequir curación clínica en los perros adultos con demodicosis pustular comparado con los perros jóvenes con presentación pustular (P < 0.05; Kruskall-Wallis). Se detectaron con mayor frecuencia enfermedades concomitantes (n = 15), administración de corticosteroides e hiperadrenocorticismo endógeno (10/15). Fueron poco frecuentes las enfermedades neoplásicas, infecciosas, parasíticas o metabólicas en los casos de demodicosis del adulto. [Lemarié, S.L., Hosgood G., Foil C.S. A retrospective study of juvenile- and adult-onset generalized demodicosis in dogs (1986-91) (Estudio retrospectivo de la demodicosis canina en el adulto y en el perro joven (1986-91). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 3-10.] Zusammenfassung- Die Krankenblätter von 81 Hunden (47 juvenil, 34 adult) mit generalisierter Demodikose kamen zur Auswertung. Es bestand einer signifikanter Unterschied in der Verteilung der Rassen (juvenil P < 0,002, adult P < 0,001; Chi-quadrat), die wegen Demodikose vorgestellt wurden, im Vergleich zur der Verteilung der selben Rassen, die während des gleichen Zeitabschnitts in unserer Praxis kamen. Cockerspaniel und Mischlinge schienen unterrepräsentiert sowohl in der Adult- wie in der Juvenil-Demodikosegruppe. Es wurden signifikant mehr akarizide Behandlungen für das Erreichen einer klinischen Remission bei adulten. Hunden mit pustulärer Demodikose benötigt im Vergleich zu juvenilen Hunden mit pustulärer Erkrankung (P < 0,05; Kruskall-Wallis). Bestehende Krankheit und die damit verbundene Arzneimittelanwendung wurden bei adulten Hunden mit Demodikose ausgewertet. Bei Hunden mit bestehenden Krankheitsbildern (n = 15) wurde am häufigsten die Verabreichung von Kortikosteroiden und endogener Hyperadrenokortizismus festgestellt (10/15). Gleichzeitige neoplastische, infektiöse, parasitäre oder stoffwechselbedingte Erkrankung war bei Hunden mit adult-beginnender Demodikose selten. [Lemarié, S.L., Hosgood G., Foil C.S. A retrospective study of juvenile- and adult-onset generalized demodicosis in dogs (1986-91) (Retrospektive Studie über juvenil- und adult-beginnende Demodikose beim Hund (1986-91). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 3-10.].

Superficial spreading pyoderma and ulcerative dermatitis in a ferret.

Abstract A case report of an 8-month-old ferret with severe ulcerative dermatitis of the ventral abdomen and medial thigh regions is presented. Cutaneous biopsies of the periphery of the ulcerative lesions revealed large, confluent, superficial epidermal pustules containing inflammatory cellular debris and Gram-positive cocci, as well as perifollicular dermal necrosis. These histological findings are consistent with superficial spreading pyoderma in conjunction with dermal coagulative necrosis. Résumé- Un furet mâle de 8 mois est présenté pour une dermite ulcérative sévère du ventre et des faces internes des cuisses. Des biopsies cutanées réalisées à la périphérie des lésions ulcératives montrent la présence d'importantes pustules épidermiques contenant des débris cellulaires inflammatoires et des bactéries cocci Gram positif, ainsi qu'une nécrose dermique périfolliculaire. Ces éléments histopathologiques sont en faveur d'une pyodermite superficielle extensive associée à une nécrose de coagulation du derme. [King, W. W., Lemarié, S. L., Veazey, R. S., Hodin, E. C. Superficial spreading pyoderma and ulcerative dermatitis in a ferret (Pyodermite extensive superficielle et dermite ulcérative chez un furet). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 43-47.] Resumen Presentamos el caso clínico de un hurón de 8 meses con una dermatitis ulcerativa grave en abdomen ventral y muslo medial. El estudio de biopsias de la periferia de las zonas ulceradas reveló la presencia de grandes pústulas superficiales epidérmicas confluentes que contenían restos celulares inflamatorios y cocos Gram-positivo, así como necrosis perifolicular en la dermis. Estos hallazgos histológicos son compatibles con una pioderma de extensióin superficial en conjunción con necrosis dérmica coagulativa. [King, W. W., Lemarié, S. L., Veazey, R. S., Hodin, E. C. Superficial spreading pyoderma and ulcerative dermatitis in a ferret (Pioderma de extension superficial y dermatitis ulcerativa en un huron). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 43-47.] Zusammenfassung- Es wird ein Fallbericht vorgestellt, bei dem ein 8 Monate altes Frettchen an schwerer ulzerativer Dermatitis des ventralen Abdomens und der medialen Schenkelregionen leidet. Hautbiopsien aus der Peripherie der ulzerativen Veränderungen zeigten große, konfluierende, oberflächliche epidermale Pusteln, die entzündlichen Zelldebris und Gram-positive Kokken enthielten, sowie eine perifollikuläre dermale Nekrose. Diese histologischen Befunde stimmen mit der oberflächlich ausgebreiteten Pyodermie in Verbindung mit einer dermalen Koagulationsnekrose überein. [King, W. W., Lemarié, S. L., Veazey, R. S., Hodin, E. C. Superficial spreading pyoderma and ulcerative dermatitis in a ferret (Oberflächlich ausgebreitete Pyodermie und ulzerative Dermatitis bei einem Frettchen). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 43-47.].