[The quantitative composition of lactoflora and a method for its determination]. / Kolichestvennyi sostav laktoflory i metodika ego opredeleniia.

A newly developed method for the determination of the quantitative composition of lactoflora is described. According to this method, the material under study is subcultured, after its primary inoculation into solid selective medium M P C - 4, placed into fructose- and sorbitol-containing media by the replica method. The characterization of fecal lactoflora of young healthy persons, made with the use of the above-mentioned new method, is presented.

[The adhesive properties of bacteria of intestinal origin]. / Adgezivnye svoistva bakterii kishechnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Differences between strains of nonpathogenic Escherichia and lactobacilli, as well as some pathogenic bacteria of enteric origin (Escherichia, Shigella, Campylobacter), in their capacity to adhesion to rat enteric and colonic cells have been shown in vitro. The strains under study have been found to possess more pronounced adhesiveness with respect to colonic cells, which is indicative of their higher receptive capacity in comparison with enteric cells. In the absence of normal microflora lactobacilli and Escherichia exhibit increased adhesiveness with respect to enteric cells. Escherichia enterotoxigenic strains, Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella typhimurium virulent strains, Campylobacter jejuni clinical isolates possess more pronounced capacity for adhesion to enteric cells of Peyer's plaques than to other types of epithelial cells, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of these infections.

[Species composition of intestinal lactoflora of healthy rhesus monkeys]. / Vidovoi sostav laktoflory kishechnika zdorovykh makak rezusov.

The results of the study of the species composition of the fecal microflora of 15 healthy rhesus macaques, from whom 204 strains of lactobacilli have been isolated and identified, are presented. The intestinal microflora has been shown to include different species, subspecies and biovars of homo- and heterofermentative lactobacilli and to possess definite individual properties. L. acidophilus, mannose-negative biovar I, and L. fermentum, mannose-negative biovars I and II, occur most frequently in feces. Certain differences in the species composition of lactoflora in monkeys and humans have been revealed: in the former, L. fermentum, mannitose-positive biovar III, and L. casei occur considerably more seldom. The inclusion of L. acidophilus strain I L. fermentum strains I and II isolated from rhesus macaques into eubiotics for these monkeys has been suggested.

[Reciprocal effect of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Lactobacillus on their cytadhesion]. / Vzaimovliianie Klebsiella pneumoniae i laktobatsill na ikh tsiadgeziiu.

Reciprocal effect of 4 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 6 Lactobacillus strains on their cytadhesion in mixed populations was studied on a model of formalinized human erythrocytes. The Lactobacillus strains included 2 strains of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei, 2 strains of L. plantarum and 2 strains of L. fermentum. It was shown that adhesion of both the Klebsiella and the Lactobacillus strains changed under their reciprocal effect. The changes were characterized by the strain differences and depended on the quantitative ratio of the microorganisms.

[Lactobacillus flora and colonization resistance]. / Laktoflora i kolonizatsionnaia rezistentnost'.

Lactobacillus flora of healthy persons and the properties influencing the protective function of lactobacilli are described. It was shown that the species and quantitative composition of the Lactobacillus flora in healthy persons was characterized by individual features and the Lactobacillus flora of separate microbiotopes was different. Furthermore, the properties defining the protective function of lactobacilli in the host: colonization capacity, direct antimicrobial activity and interference with other protective mechanisms were also different in separate species and even strains.

[Effect of antibiotics on the adhesive properties of microorganisms and an available model for its study]. / Nekotorye aspekty vliianiia antibiotikov na adgezivnye svoistva mikroorganizmov i dostupnaia model' ego izucheniia.

The effect of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, bicillin-3, carbenicillin, levomycetin, erythromycin, streptomycin and kanamycin on the adhesive properties of 9 test microbes including 5 strains of Lactobacillus from human microflora, 3 uropathornic strains of E. coli and 1 strain of S. aureus was studied with the method developed by the authors. The method is based on the use of formalinized human erythrocytes as macroorganism cells. It was shown that the antibiotic inhibitory effect on adhesion depended on mechanism of action of the antibiotics and their concentration, was associated with the level of the microbial adhesion and did not depend on the microbial sensitivity to the drugs.

[Erythrocyte adhesiveness in cosmonauts]. / Issledovanie adgezivnosti éritrotsitov kosmonavtov.

The adhesive property of red blood cells of cosmonauts was investigated during various stages of their professional activity. The study was carried out using three test microorganisms: L. casei A6, L. brevis A16 and L. buchneri A14. The results show that the adhesive property of red blood cells varies during different periods of space flight. In contrast to long-duration flights, short-term flights cause greater changes in this parameter. During readaptation the adhesion of red blood cells was significantly increased as compared to that preflight and immediately postflight.

[Adhesive and hemagglutinating properties of lactobacilli]. / Adgezivnye i gemaggliutiniruiushchie svoistva laktobatsill.

The study of the adhesive and hemagglutinating properties of the strains of different Lactobacillus species isolated from the human digestive tract and sour milk products were carried out. 49 strains of 9 Lactobacillus species were studied; of these, 10 strains had been isolated from saliva, 11 strains from feces, 7 strains from milk and 5 strains from sour cream. 11 collection strains and 2 strains used in the production of lactobacterin served as controls. Adhesion was studied in vitro on human red blood cells used as a model. Red blood cells used in the experiments had been taken from 23 donors aged 25-52 years. Lactobacilli were found to have certain inter and intraspecific differences in their adhesiveness. The adhesiveness of the lactobacilli isolated from human feces was considerably greater than that of the strains isolated from sour milk products and of the collection strains. Only the strains of lactobacilli with low adhesiveness possessed pronounced hemagglutinating properties.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Lactobacilli from the digestive tract of the crews of Soiuz-13 and Saliut-4]. / Issledovanie chuvstvitel'nosti k antibiotikam laktobatsill iz pishchevaritel'nogo trakta ékipazhei "Soiuz-13" i "Saliut-4".

Sensitivity to 19 antibiotics of 411 lactobacillus strains isolated from the saliva and feces of crewmembers who made 8-, 30- and 63-day flights was determined. Antibiotic sensitivity remained unchanged even in the 63-day flight. The antibiotics tested produced different effects on the lactoflora that varied from gentle--polymyxin and gentamycin, less gentle--neomycin and monomycin, to hazardous--penicillin and erythromycin, then rifampicin and levomycetin, and, finally, tetracycline and oleandomycin.

[Lactobacillus flora of the digestive tract of the crews of Soiuz-13 and Saliut-4]. / Issledovanie laktoflory pishchevaritel'nogo trakta ékipazhei "Soiuz-13" i "Saliut-4".

The species composition and biology of lactoflora of the saliva and feces of crewmembers from 8-, 30- and 63-day flights was investigated. Altogether 593 strains of lactobacilli were examined. The space flights did not cause significant changes in physiology, biochemistry, antagonistic properties or lysozyme activity of lactobacilli. They did not change drastically or unify the species composition of the digestive lactoflora. However, transfer of lactobacilli from one crewmember to another cannot be excluded, its probability increasing with flight time.

[Effect of lactic bacteria metabolic products on the transmission of R-plasmids in enterobacteria in vitro]. / Vliianie produktov obmena laktobakterii na peredachu R-plazmid u énterobakterii in vitro.

The authors present data on the study of lactobacteria used in the production of dry lactobacterin (lactobacterinum siccum). Metabolic products (lactocidin) were extracted with lactic and acetic acid after Vincent et al. Two donor strains (E. coli K12 J5-3 R1-19 and E. coli K12 W1845 R26) were crossed in the conjugation process in various conbinations with six recipient strains (E. coli K12S, E. coli Su 3912/41, Sh. sonnei 263B, Sh. sonnel 3470, S. heidelberg, A161, and S. typhimurium SH3 his-). The frequency of R-plasmide transmission in enterobacteria was decreased in vitro under the effect of L. plantarum 8R-A3 and L. fermentum 90T-S4 metabolites.

[Ability of lactobacilli in the human microflora to produce lysozyme]. / O sposobnosti laktobatsill mikroflory cheloveka produtsirovat' lizotsim

Lysozyme activity of 403 strains of lactobacilli were investigated; of these 26 were from foreign sets and 377 were isolated from the contents of the stomach, feces and vaginal discharge of healthy adults. The species reference of lactobacillae was confirmed by the results of study of their physiologo-biochemical properties with the aid of 45 tests. A method of agar plates was adapted to determination of lysozyme: the autoclaved suspension of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (strain No. 2665) was added to the agar medium MPC-I, and lactobacilli were cultivated for 4 days in the CO2 atmosphere at 37 degrees C. There was revealed the capacity of L. fermenti and L. brevis to produce lysozyme; in L. fermenti the lysozyme activity was much more frequent (p less than 0.001); strains of the rest of the species of lactobacilli differentiated by the Rogosa and Sharpe's classification proved to be lysozyme-negative. It was shown that the lactobacilli of the L. fermenti species, included into the microflora of the intestine and the vagina of healthy adults as a rule possessed lysozyme activity. L. fermenti strain 90T-S4 used in the production of dry lactobacterin also produced lysozyme. All this favours an important role of L. fermenti in the protective function of the microflora.