Gynecomastoid hyperplasia: imaging findings in six patients.

This case series describes the radiologic appearances of gynecomastoid hyperplasia of the breast in our experience. The clinical histories, breast images, and histopathologic findings in six women were reviewed. At mammography, there was no abnormality in two women, an enlarging asymmetric density in three women, and a nodule in one woman. Breast ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic nodule in one woman. Gynecomastoid hyperplasia has a varied radiologic appearance.

Benign and malignant ovarian masses: selection of the most discriminating gray-scale and Doppler sonographic features.

PURPOSE: To determine the gray-scale and Doppler sonographic features that best enable discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian masses and develop a scoring system for accurate diagnosis with these features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gray-scale and Doppler sonographic features of 211 adnexal masses were correlated with the final diagnosis; the most discriminating features for malignancy were selected with stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Twenty-eight masses were malignant and 183 benign. All masses with a markedly hyperechoic solid component or no solid component were benign. For masses with a nonhyperechoic solid component, additional features that allowed statistically significant discrimination of benignity from malignancy were, in decreasing order of importance, (a) location of flow at conventional color Doppler imaging, (b) amount of free intraperitoneal fluid, and (c) presence and thickness of septations. A scoring formula that made use of values based on the logistic regression equation had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98 +/- 0.01. The cutoff score with the highest accuracy had a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 93%. CONCLUSION: A solid component is the most statistically significant predictor of a malignant ovarian mass. A multiparameter scoring system that uses three gray-scale and one Doppler feature, developed by means of stepwise logistic regression, has high sensitivity and specificity for predicting malignancy.

MR imaging of the female pelvic floor in the supine and upright positions.

The goal of this study was to determine whether a .5-T open configuration magnet system could be used to evaluate the female pelvic floor support structures and their functional changes in the upright and supine positions. We evaluated five normal volunteers with full bladders in the supine and sitting positions. Multiple measurements were obtained, including distance between symphysis and urethra, bladder neck to fixed pubococcygeal line, and posterior urethrovesical angle. The pelvic floor was evaluated for integrity of the urethra, vagina, and supporting ligaments. High quality, interpretable images were obtained for all five patients in both positions. Most of the pelvic floor structures were stable, with the exception of the posterior urethrovesical angle, which increased in the sitting position. We conclude that the vertically open configuration magnet system shows promise for evaluation of the female pelvic floor, including urinary stress incontinence and prolapse.

Mediastinal granuloma secondary to histoplasmosis.

Mediastinal granuloma is one of the many potential clinical manifestations of infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. Plain radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can help identify intrathoracic adenopathy, calcification, and compression or invasion of vital structures.

Giant cell tumor of bone.

Giant cell tumor is the second most common benign tumor of bone. Plain radiographs may demonstrate distinctive features but can also be misleading. The diagnosis may be aided by the use of other imaging modalities, such as bone scan, computed tomography and angiography. The recurrence rate is high, but some of the newer treatments seem to be associated with better outcomes.

Radioimmunoassay measurement of creatine kinase BB in the serum of schizophrenic patients.

Brain type creatine kinase (BB) isoenzyme was measured using a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay procedure (limit of detection, 1 microgram/l of sample) in two schizophrenic populations, an acute non-medicated group consisting of 35 subjects and a chronic group of 15 subjects. Since the assay can also measure the B subunit of MB isoenzyme, patients were selected so as to exclude subjects with possible heart, kidney or other ailments which might result in an increased serum creatine kinase B subunit. Both the acute schizophrenics (3.0 +/- 0.23) mean S.E.M. and the chronic schizophrenics (2.9 +/- 0.33) had serum levels of creating kinase BB similar to those of controls (2.8 +/- 0.21) and non-cardiac patients (3.5 +/- 0.58). Patients having myocardial infarction or neurovascular surgery had elevated creatine kinase B subunit. Similar but much less sensitive quantitative results were obtained using agarose multizonal electrophoresis. Despite a recent report that human brain contains the creatine kinase MM isoenzyme, analysis of five human brains using DEAE-Sephadex-A50 for MM isoenzyme fractionation, followed by immunodiffusion analysis of concentrated eluate revealed no detectable MM isoenzyme. The results from these studies suggest that the elevated serum creatine kinase activity of schizophrenic patients is most likely not of brain origin.