[Cerebral infarct and the immune response]. / Mozogový infarkt a imunitná odpoved organizm.

There are only few data available regarding the immunological mechanisms for cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to find out the humoral and cell-mediated immunity under the conditions of focal brain ischemia (CI). As a method for humoral immunity, the complement consumption test against a panel of 8 antigens, quantitative analysis of immunoglobins and fractionized sedimentation of erythrocytes were used in the group of pts with CI, and the group of atherosclerotics (AS) and hypertonics (VH), potential victims of focal brain ischemia. It was found that the occurrence of antibodies against the whole panel of antigens in the group of CI is significantly higher as compared with the healthy controls, but it is lower than that in the group of AS and VH. The occurrence of antibodies exclusively against only brain antigens and that in CSF is similar. No correlation to the location of ischemic lesion and the degree of neurological deficit score was found. These findings didn't change in 2 and 4 weeks as well as in 1 year after the onset of CI. The quantitative analysis of immunoglobins revealed statistically higher levels of IgA and lower levels of IgM in comparison with the controls. IgG were higher, but without statistical significance. Statistically significant higher levels of all immunoglobins in CSF were found. As similar trend of changes found also in the group of AS and VH. These results of humoral immunity confirmed by the results of fractionized sedimentation of erythrocytes with EP. The results can be interpreted as a possible change or disorder of central regulation of immunizing processes due to the latent (in AS and VH) of manifest (in CI) lesions of the brain. But the quality and quantity of this response might have been affected by the entire case history of the patients who survived cerebral infarction. The changes in immunity response of the organism in CI was shown also in cell-mediated immunity. The results a statistically significant increase in stimulatory (SI) as well as in immunoregulatory (IRI) indices in stroke patients under the age of 40. These findings didn't change 2 and 4 weeks after the onset of CL. An increase in IRI was due to the increase in Th lymphocytes. In the immune response of the organism in CI, the antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs = anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant--LA) play an important role. aCLs were present in 9.8% of the first stroke pts when compared to 4.3% in controls. The most common isotype of the antibodies we IgG. Of all first-stroke pts who were aCL positive only 8% had no other stroke risk factors (atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension and other). aCLs are an important risk factor for the first stroke, mainly in the young, but also in the elderly. The presence of aCLs increases the risk for recurrent strokes. aPLs are not necessarily associated with the specific location of clinical stroke syndrome but they are in significant correlation to the occurrence of multiple strokes on CT (30:18%). None of the initially aCL-negative patients became aCL-positive during the time course of CI. These data support the idea that aCLs play a causal role in stroke (PROPTER HOC changes) rather than vice versa (POST HOC changes). From the therapeutic point of view, currently there do not exist any good treatment guidelines for preventing the second stroke. The analysis of HLA. antigen showed an increase in some HLA (A2, A28 etc.) and a decrease in others (A3, A9 etc.) in comparison with the controls. This might refer to the participation of genetic factors in the onset of CI.

[Specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with cerebral infarct]. / Specifická, bunkami sprostredkovaná cytotoxicita u pacientov s cerebrálnym infarktom.

The purpose of the work was to assess changes in the activity of cytotoxic lymphocates in patients with cerebral infarction. The material comprised 27 patients with the diagnosis of cerebral infarction and 18 controls. The authors analyzed the activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes, against the cerebral antigen-encephalitogenic peptide (EP). As target cells they used syngenic lymphocytes coated with EP and labelled with 51Cr, the activity of which released during reaction with supernatan is proportional to the amount of cells disrupted by cytotoxic lymphocytes. The reaction is specific for the encephalitogenic peptide. The activity of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes was in patients with cerebral infarction almost four times higher than in controls. The percentage activity was higher in "seriously affected patients" and two weeks after the onset of the disease. Then the activity declined. Investigation of the activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes could prove important in patients with cerebral infarction with symptoms of sensitization against cerebral antigen.