Management of intraoperative contamination of anterior cruciate ligament graft.

The options after the intraoperative graft contamination include sterilizing and implanting the graft, rejecting the graft and isolating another one from the other knee, rejecting the graft and using an allograft. The survey was prepared in Google Forms®. Only fully and correctly completed survey questionnaires were considered and included in this study. In total, 41 questionnaires in the study reported contamination. For the surgeon, the risk of contaminating the graft during the surgery is 0.2%. The mean contamination rate is 1.2 accidents per whole career. The statistical significance was observed in correlation between years of specialization and several accidents (p<0.05). The graft contamination may be experienced by almost 30% of surgeons performing ACL reconstructions. Neither knowledge, nor experience and training can prevent an operating team from that situation. The only solution is to follow a strict protocol of graft preparation. According to the data gathered in this study, there is still no ideal protocol after the incident occurs.

Sport injuries in professional volleyball players.

Recently there has been a considerable surge in interest in volleyball by both physiotherapists and orthopaedic surgeons. Only few previous studies specified the nature, frequency, and demographics of volleyball injuries. The study was conducted during two league seasons. After the approvals of local bioethics committee and clubs` authorities, contact with the club's doctors was established. A special survey was designed to standardize the process of acquiring data on a weekly basis. One-hundred-and-ninety-eight women and 301 men were under supervision of the research group. On average, 45% of all players (56% males and 26% females) suffered from injuries and musculoskeletal disorders over two seasons. Relatively high incidence of injuries during matches was between 17.3 and 33.8 injuries per each 1000 hours of playing. Almost 50% of musculoskeletal problems occurred in the first phase of the season. Over 50% of musculoskeletal problems were reported during trainings. The blockers are the most affected players in both sex groups. Acute injuries mainly involved knee and ankle joints, while chronic problems affected knee, shoulder, spine and abdominal muscles. Professional volleyball is not a safe sport, especially during a league season. Attention should be especially paid to ankle, shoulder and knee joints, which are the most commonly injured structures. The study revealed that blockers were the most susceptible to injuries and should be protected by special training regime. These findings can help to prepare sports medicine personnel and to guide further related research to prevent injuries among volleyball professionals.