RESUMO
This paper considers the metallurgical processes of dissociation, ionization, oxidation, deoxidation, and dissolution of oxides during underwater wet cutting. A multiphase mechanism of underwater wet cutting consisting of working and idle cycles of the electrical process in a pulsating vapor gas bubble is proposed. A model of arc penetration into metal due to metal oxidation and stabilization of the arc by the inner walls of a narrow kerf is proposed. For underwater cutting of 10 KhSND, 304L steel, CuAl5, and AlMg4.5Mn0.7 alloy, we provide a principle of modeling the phase composition of the gas mixture based on high oxygen concentration, improving ionization, enthalpy, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of plasma through the use of a mixture of KNO3, FeCO3 and aluminum. The method of improving the thermophysical properties and ionization of plasma due to the exothermic effect when introducing Fe3O4, MoO2, WO2 oxides and Al, Mg, Ti deoxidizers is proposed. Although a negative effect of refractory slag was revealed, it could be removed by using the method of reducing surface tension through the ionic dissolution of refractory oxides in Na3AlF6 cryolite. In underwater cutting of 10 KhSND and 304L, the steel welding current was 344-402 A with a voltage of 36-39 V; in cutting of CuAl5 and AlMg4.5Mn0.7 alloy, the welding current was 360-406; 240 A, with a voltage of 35-37; 38 V, respectively, with the optimal composition of flux-cored wire: 50-60% FeCO3 and KNO3, 20-30% aluminum, 20% Na3AlF6. Application of flux-cored wires of the KNO3-FeCO3-Na3AlF6-Al system allowed stable cutting of 10KhSND, AISI 304L steels, and CuAl5 bronze with kerf width up to 2.5-4.7 mm.
