[X-ray contrast filler for balloons at endovascular surgery (20 years of experience with original balloon filler)]. / Rentgenokontrastnyi napolnitel' dlia ballonov pri éndovaskuliarnykh operatsiiakh (20-letnii opyt primeneniia original'nogo napolnitelia ballonov).

In 1984, the authors designed a X-ray contrast balloon filler polyacryl amide gel (PAAG) that has a polymerization rate of 1-3 min. PAAG has been used to fill over 5000 balloons for nearly 20 years. With this filler, recurrent anastomoses reduced by 1.5 times as compared to previously used silicone. PAAG is a reliable and easy-to-use balloon filler. Its use as a balloon filler has been permitted by the USSR Ministry of Health.

[The induction of lipid peroxidation in human brain glial tumors]. / Induktsiia perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v glial'nykh opukholiakh golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

Tissue examinations of glial tumors in the human brain revealed that therein lipid peroxidation could be induced by using bivalent iron salts, which is indicated by higher malonic dialdehyde levels. The authors have demonstrated that the glioma tissue levels of iron were statistically lower than those in the brain tissue. The induction in tumor tissue does not depend upon the degree of its malignancy, but it significantly differs from this parameter in the rabbit brain tissue. The induction of lipid peroxidation processes is accompanied by a lower cumulative antioxidative activity. The findings open new prospects for affecting tumor growth.

[Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity in the tumor tissue and blood of patients with neuro-oncological diseases]. / Perekisnoe oksilenie i antiokislitel'naia aktivnost' lipidov v opukholevoi tkani i krovi bol'nykh s neiroonkologicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Study of the content of products of lipid peroxidation, total lipid antioxidation activity, and superoxide dismutase activity in the tissue and blood of 31 patients (23 with gliomas and 8 with meningiomas) showed the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the tumor tissue to be significantly lower statistically than in the cerebral tissue. The MDA content was much lower in meningiomas than in gliomas. No essential differences were revealed in the MDA level in benign and malignant gliomas. This value correlated well with the total lipid antiperoxidation activity which was twice higher in tumor tissue than in the cerebral tissue and higher in meningiomas than in the tissue of gliomas. Superoxide dismutase activity was statistically significantly higher in the cerebral tissue than in all other tumor tissues studied. The blood plasma MDA level is higher in patients with gliomas than in the blood of donors while lipid antioxidation activity is lower. In the group of patients with meningiomas the blood plasma MDA level increases with reduction of superoxide dismutase activity, which may be evidence of its role in this process.

[Effect of the functional state of the central nervous system on brain lipid peroxidation processes in experimental cranial-brain trauma]. / Vliianie funktsional'nogo sostoianiia TsNS na protsessy perekisnogo okisleneniia lipidov mozga pri cherpno-mozgovoi travme v éksperimente.

Interrelationship between the functional state of central nervous system and brain metabolism was studied in animals with craniocerebral trauma. Stimulation of nervous activity was shown to prevent an increase in lipid peroxidation in brain of the experimental animals. A distinct decrease of the brain antioxidative activity was also noted. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were markedly impaired in the animals with craniocerebral trauma either after depression of central nervous system or without any additional treatment.

[Lipid peroxidation of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with arterial cerebral aneurysms]. / Issledovanie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov likvora u bol'nykh s arterial'nymi anevrizmami golovnogo mozga.

It was established from study of lipid peroxidation (LOP) products in 19 patients (16 with subarachnoid hemorrhages /SAH/ resulting from rupture of arterial aneurysms and 3 with arterial hemorrhages in the "cold" period) that their content was significantly higher in patients with a history of 2 or 3 SAH than in those who had suffered from a single SAH. The LOP level in the c.s.f. in patients of both groups differed significantly from that in the c.s.f. of patients without SAH. It was also established that the content of LOP products in patients with an unfavourable outcome of the disease was more than twice that in patients with a favourable course and outcome of the disease. Administration of antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) inhibited the LPO processes, which was manifested by a decrease of the content of malonyl dialdehyde in the c.s.f.

[The role of lipids in middle molecular weight fractions as a feature of the pathological process]. / Rol' lipidov fraktsii srednikh molekul v kharakteristike patologicheskogo protsessa.

About 20-66% of lipids was found in the middle molecular fraction of blood serum from neurosurgical patients. Content of the substances extracted with organic solvents was distinctly increased as the clinical status aggravated. Precipitation of proteins using chloric acid instead of trichloracetic acid proved to be more convenient for isolation of the middle molecular fraction from blood serum and for the subsequent studies of its composition.

[The level of middle molecules in endogenous intoxication in neurosurgical patients]. / Uroven' srednikh molekul pri éndogennoi intoksikatsii u neirokhirurgichekikh bol'nykh.

The article deals with the results of study of the level of medium-size molecules in blood and urine of neurosurgical patients in the early postoperative period. It correlated with the severity of the patients' condition and with the values of osmolarity and the level of consciousness in a complicated postoperative period and a fatal outcome. The presence of pyoseptic complications may be judged according to the P value and prognosticated.

[Practical significance of middle molecules of the blood in assessing the severity of the status of neurosurgical patients]. / Prikladnoe znachenie srednikh molekul krovi dlia otsenki tiazhesti sostonianiia neirokhirugicheskikh bol'nykh.

Study of the content of medium-size molecules (MM), residual nitrogen, creatinine, and urea in the blood of 80 neurosurgical patients with various diseases showed correlation between the severity of the patient's general condition and the MM level. No correlation was noted between the content of MM, creatinine, and urea. The MM level in the blood correlated with that of residual nitrogen in 20% of cases. The MM dynamics may serve as a prognostic sign of the course and outcome of the disease. The MM content corresponds to the severity of the patient's general condition and is not dependent on the etiological and pathogenetic factors.

[Comparative study of the activity of arginase isoenzymes in brain tumors of humans and experimental animals]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie aktivnosti izoform arginazy opukholei golovnogo mozga cheloveka i éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh.

Isoenzyme spectrum and total activity of arginase were studied in rat brain during growth of transplanted neurinoma and glioma as well as in malignant tissues of human brain. After transplantation of the tumors two peaks of arginase activation were observed within 2-4 days in rat brain tissues and within 16 days in tumoral tissue. Positively charged isoenzyme I of arginase was mainly activated but activity of neutral isoenzyme II was unaltered or slightly decreased. In human brain tumors activity of isoenzyme I was also prevailed, while activity of isoenzyme II was increased in some cases. Regulation of the arginase activity appears to occur by a complex mechanism and the enzyme plays a key role in development of nervous tissue neoplasms.

[Tryptophan loading and its plasma concentration in neurosurgical patients]. / Nagruzka triptofanom i ego soderzhanie v plazme krovi u neirokhirurgicheskikh bol'nykh.

Tests for blood plasma tryptophan in patients with various diseases of the nervous system showed a statistically significant increase of its content in tumors of the astrocytic series in patients with meningiomas and oligodendrogliomas. The character of the tryptophan excretion curve after a load in neurooncological patients was different from that in healthy individuals and patients with thrombosis of the sinus and arachnoencephalitis. Hydrocortisone injection normalized the tryptophan curve in patients and, consequently, also the tryptophanpyrrolase reaction which is evidently disturbed in neurooncological patients.

[Cyclic nucleotides of human and animal glial tumors]. / Tsiklicheskie nukleotidy glial'nykh opukholei golovnogo mozga cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

Studies on the level of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in human and animal glial tumours showed that the content of both nucleotides, especially that of cAMP, decreases in all the tumours. The cAMP/cGMP ratio also drops down. Concurrently it appears to be the most consistent parameter of nucleotide metabolism both in brain tissue and in human or animal glial tumours. The growing tumour affects cAMP and cGMP metabolism not only in the involved but also in the other hemisphere. No principal differences between human and animal tumours have been revealed in the content of cyclic nucleotides and its variation in tumour tissue.

[Serotonin metabolism in the tissue of glial brain tumors]. / Obmen serotonina v tkani glial'nykh opukholei mozga.

Content of serotonin was distinctly decreased in human brain glial tumors and in transplanted rat gliomas. Activities of 5-hydroxytryptophane decarboxylase and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase were also lowered as compared with the normal state. Content of tryptophane (the main precursor of serotonin) was increased in human and animal tumor tissues; 5-hydroytryptophane was not found in gliomas. A decrease in the tryptophane hydroxylase activity occurred apparently in glioma tissues. The decrease in activity of 5-hydroxytryptorphane decarboxylase, found in tissues of brain glial tumors, might be considered as an adaptive mechanism, since content of serotonin was increased in the tumor tissues after administration of exogenous 5-hydroxytryptophane.

[Cyclic nucleotide metabolic disorder in brain tumors]. / Narushenie obmena tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v opukholiakh golovnogo mozga.

The content of cAMP and cGMP as well as their ratio in the tissues of different cerebral tumors in humans were studied. The concentration of both cyclic nucleotides in tumors of the brain was found to vary widely. The richest information on disorders of metabolism of these substances may be gained from the ratio of cAMP and cGMP concentrations, which statistically is significantly reduced in the neoplasm as compared to the ratio in the cerebral tissue. Bearing in mind the principal possibility of correcting this ratio, further study of the metabolism of cyclic nucleotides in cerebral tumors holds promise for their treatment.

[Effect of serotonin on the viability of rats with transplanted glioblastoma multiforme]. / O vliianii serotonina na vyzhivaemost' krys s privitoi mul'tiformnoi glioblastomoi.

Mongrel adult albino female rats with multiform glioblastoma transplanted to the right cerebellar hemisphere were given subcutaneous injections of 8 mg/kg of a serotonin-creatine sulphate solution beginning with the 3rd and to the 28th postoperative days. Rats with a tumor inoculated at the same periods and given injections of a physiological saline solution served as controls. The injection of serotonin leads to a significant increase in the survival of rats by 20% as compared to the survival of rats in the control group, but practically has no effect on the life span of sick animals. Consequently, serotonin either produces an antineoplastic effect in which case the animals do not contract the disease, or it has no effect on the tumor so that the animals die of the developing tumor. Study of the tryptophan content in the neoplasm and the 5-OIAA content in urine provides evidence of a disturbed serotonin synthesis and metabolism in these neoplasms.

[Changes in the level of cyclic nucleotides in brain tumors]. / Izmenenie urovnia tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov v opukholiakh golovnogo mozga.

Cyclic 3-5-adenosine-monophosphate and 3-5-guanosinemonophosphate concentrations were studied in the bioptate of brain tumors, examined during neurosurgical operation and in normal brain tissues. The correlations between cyclic nucleotides in the tumors appeared to be significantly decreased in comparison to the intact tissue, being a characteristic signs for all types of tumors. There were significant fluctuations in the level of cyclic nucleotides both in the tumours and nontumorous brain tissues. There were no correlations found between the level of cyclic adenosine-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine-monophosphate on the one hand and the duration of the disease, localization of the tumor, degree of the brain oedema and the type of narcosis on the other.