Supportive Cardiology: Moving Palliative Care Upstream for Patients Living with Advanced Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) affects ∼600,000 Canadians and is a chronic, life-limiting illness marked by exacerbations of distressing symptoms requiring acute medical management, typically sought in Canada's emergency departments. HF often has an unpredictable illness trajectory and is a chronic terminal illness with a poor prognosis. Patients living with advanced HF have difficulty in accessing palliative care (PC) supports, which can result in unnecessary suffering as their HF progresses and they near end of life (EOL). This is, in part, due to a lack of research, helping clinicians to identify patients who are approaching EOL. In addition, the unpredictable nature of illness progression often precludes access to most EOL resources in our current prognosis-dependent healthcare system. PC teams focus on optimizing quality of life through symptom management and ensure that care plans are congruent with patient and family preferences. A PC team was embedded into our institution's existing HF team. Findings show that integration of an embedded model of PC delivery for patients living with advanced HF led to overwhelming positive patient and family feedback while providing timely advance care planning discussions that may be associated with beneficial patient, family, and system outcomes. These outcomes can be used to inform public policy and speak to a cost-effective patient and family-centered approach for providing care to individuals and families living with advanced HF.

A multidisciplinary approach in providing transitional care for patients with advanced cancer.

Patients living with a diagnosis of an advanced life-limiting malignancy often have concerns regarding symptom burden, physical and psychosocial impact on life, and questions surrounding end-of-life processes. Due to the complex care needs of patients with advanced life-limiting illness it is our experience that both a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach to care can optimize the patient and family illness experience for this vulnerable population. Progressive metastatic illness often necessitates care in multiple settings including an ambulatory clinic, inpatient hospital ward, at home, and at an in-patient hospice or palliative care unit. Palliative care teams are typically composed of clinicians from various disciplines who work in multiple settings and can act as a link between community, ambulatory and in-patient care-settings. The team often includes physicians, advance practice nurses [nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs)], nurses, social workers, chaplains, and other allied health clinicians. The result of this team approach, in collaboration with oncology providers, makes palliative care an ideal model for providing care through the many transitions that are inherent to patients living with advanced malignancy.