RESUMO
La salud bucal materna tiene influencia sobre el feto; así, la presencia de enfermedad periodontal en las embarazadas se ha relacionado con nacimientos prematuros y/o de bajo peso (PBP). La determinación de los factores de riesgo de nacimientos de bajo peso representa una prioridad de salud pública por sus implicaciones en la supervivencia, crecimiento y maduración de estos niños. La enfermedad periodontal es una enfermedad infecciosa localizada en el periodonto y causada predominantemente por bacterias Gramnegativas, anaeróbicas y microaerofílicas. La inflamación de los tejidos periodontales produce citoquinas pro-inflamatorias, principalmente interleuquina-'beta (IL-1ß), IL-6, prostaglandina E2 (PG-E2) y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TMN-alfa), que podrían tener efectos sistémicos en el huésped. El mecanismo etiopatogénico por el que la enfermedad periodontal podría causar PBP no está todavía completamente aclarado. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos estudios en relación con esta patología neonatal (AU)
Assuntos
Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Periodontais/complicações , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro/etiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Recém-Nascido de Baixo PesoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Plaque control is the main method for preventing periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse is widely recognized as helping to maintain plaque control. Most of these mouthrinses contain alcohol, making them impractical for many patients, including those with oral mucosal hypersensitivity. Mouthrinses without alcohol might cause fewer side effects, but also be less efficient. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse without alcohol against one with 11% ethanol and a placebo. METHODS: This a double-blind, parallel group study with 96 patients who tested 3 mouthrinses containing 1) chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12% sodium fluoride 0.05%, and ethanol 11% (group 1; CHX-A); 2) the same solution without alcohol (group 2; CHX-NA); and a placebo (group 3; P). Plaque and bleeding indexes were recorded in all patients prior to treatment and at 14 and 28 days. RESULTS: There were significant differences in plaque, gingivitis, and papilla bleeding indexes in both chlorhexidine rinses compared to placebo, but no differences between the 2 CHX products. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the alcohol-free rinse was as effective as one containing alcohol in controlling plaque and reducing gingival inflammation. Therefore, it would seem that its use can be recommended in all patients, but especially in patients for whom the use of alcohol is contraindicated.
