Estrategias efectivas para incrementar el consumo de la bebida láctea "Purita Mamá" en gestantes y nodrizas de la provincia de Ñuble, año 2012 / Effective strategies to increasing the consumption of the dairy drink "Purita Mamá" for pregnant and lacting women from the Ñuble province, year 2012

Objective: To identify effective strategies to increase the consumption of the product "Purita Mama" in pregnant and lactating women from Ñuble. Subjects and methods: Observational cross sectional study; two instruments were applied, the first one observing of consumption and acceptability of the product in pregnant and lactating women from a non-probabilistic sample; the second one applied to the health team showing major variations in the consumption from a non-probabilistic "intentional" sample. Results: The product was consumed by 38% of pregnant and 34.6% of lactating women; acceptability was regular in 54.6% and 48.2% of pregnant and lactating women, respectively. On the other hand, 34% of the professionals and technicians who work directly with pregnant and lactating women "did not know" the product. The main effective educational strategy implemented (60.2%), is product tasting. Conclusion: The largest consumption of the product is seen in those establishments who implement effective instructional strategies.

Objetivo: identificar estrategias efectivas para que los equipos de salud de la provincia de Ñuble - Chile incrementen el consumo del producto lácteo "Purita Mama" para gestantes y nodrizas. Sujetos y métodos: estudio observacional, pasivo de caso y control donde se aplicaron dos instrumentos, el primero de consumo y aceptabilidad del producto en gestantes y nodrizas a una muestra no probabilística "por cuota"; y el segundo, aplicado a los equipo de salud que presentó mayores variaciones en el consumo a una muestra no probabilística "intencional". Resultados: Consumen el producto 38% de las gestantes y 34,6% de las nodrizas; de las que lo consumen su aceptabilidad es regular en 54,6% de las gestantes y en 48,2% de las nodrizas. Por otra parte "no conocen el producto" 34% de los profesionales y técnicos que trabajan directamente con gestantes y nodrizas. La principal estrategia educativa efectiva implementada (60.2%), es la "degustación del producto". Conclusión: El mayor consumo del producto, se presenta en aquellos establecimientos donde se implementan estrategias educativas efectivas.

Influence of TiO2 on prebiotic thermal synthesis of the Gly-Gln polymer.

The role of the titanium dioxide (rutile and anatase) with and without room light on the thermal synthesis of the glycine-L-glutamine (Gly-Gln) polymer is described. The efficiency in percentage of polymerization with room light was increased in 6% in the presence of rutile and in 23% in the presence of anatase. The thermal synthesis in the molten state was carried out in the absence and presence of both oxides. In all cases, the vibrational spectra showed characteristic group frequencies corresponding to a polypeptide structure. No spectral differences were observed by room light effect on the polymer on rutile. However, the polymer obtained in the presence of anatase and room light shows spectral changes associated with the formation of shorter new abundant and conformationally different species compared with the original polymer. The SEM-EDX characterization of the solid phase involved in the thermal synthesis showed that the morphology of the polypeptide is different in the presence of rutile compared to anatase. The SDS-PAGE and GPC results suggest that smaller chains are formed in the presence of both oxides and the distribution of the size and weight of each polymer molecule is completely different when the condensation is performed in the presence of anatase or rutile. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed the incorporation of both Gly and Gln residues in the polymers, with a prevalence of Gly. Both possible sequences N-GlyGln-C and N-GlnGly-C were also detected.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and theoretical studies of the C-terminal peptide of the ß-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin without linked carbohydrates.

Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the synthetic carboxy terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadatropin ß-subunit free of carbohydrate moieties(P37) are reported. The spectral analysis is performed on the basis of our reported Raman spectrum and SERS data of oligopeptides displaying selected amino acids sequences MRKDV, ADEDRDA, and LGRGISL. SERS samples of P37 were prepared by coating the solid peptide with metal colloids on a quartz slide. This treatment makes possible to obtain high spectral batch to batch reproducibility. Amino acids components of P37 display net charges and hydrophobic characteristics, which are related to particular structural aspects of the adsorbate-substrate interaction. The spectroscopic results are supported by quantum chemical calculations performed by using extended Hückel theory method for a model of P37 interacting with an Ag surface. The P37-metal interaction is drove by positively charged fragments of selected amino acids,mainly threonine 109, lysine 122, and arginine in positions 114 and 133. Data here reported intend to contribute to the knowledge about the antigen-antibody interaction and to the drugs delivery research area

SERS and theoretical studies of arginine.

Arginine amino acid (Arg) has been vibrationally studied through its infrared, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra, and theoretical calculations. Net charge is used to predict the possibility to obtain the SERS spectrum of Arg in colloidal solution. The interpretation of the SERS spectral data suggests that the Arg-Ag nanoparticles interaction in a colloidal solution and in the case of the Arg coated by Ag is mainly verified through the guanidinium moiety. Theoretical calculations performed by using extended Hückel theory method for a model of Arg interacting with an Ag cluster support the observed SERS experimental result.

Oral ulcers produced by mycophenolate mofetil in two liver transplant patients.

Oral ulcers are a frequent problem in transplant medicine. It is important to consider infectious etiologies, exacerbated by the immunosuppressive treatment, but other etiologies are also possible, like adverse drug reactions. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive medication that has been used in combination with calcineurin inhibitors and steroids. Reports of renal transplant patients with oral ulcers related to MMF have appeared lately and herein we have described 2 cases in liver transplant patients. Their oral ulcers resolved quickly after suspension of the medication. Our 2 cases in liver transplant patients represented a unique setting for this type of complication.

Carbon nanotube bundles as molecular assemblies for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy and theoretical studies.

In this work surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic experiments have demonstrated that metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used as chemical assemblies between the pyrene analyte and the silver colloidal surface. Pyrene has been detected at concentrations lower than 10(-9) M by use of the 514.5 nm excitation laser line. A charge transfer from the surface to the nanotube characterizes the nanotube-silver surface interaction. The pyrene-nanotube interaction occurs through a pi-pi electronic stacking. Extended Hückel calculations based on a simplified molecular model for the analyte/nanotube/surface system support the experimental conclusions. The nanotube-pyrene distance is 3.4 A, and the most probable orientation for pyrene is confirmed to be plane parallel to the nanotube surface. An energy transfer from the silver surface to the nanotube/analyte system is verified.

Surface enhanced vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy in the design of chemosensors based on ester functionalized p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene hosts.

Surface-enhanced IR (SEIR) and Raman scattering (SERS) have been employed to study the adsorption of ester functionalized tert-butyl calix[4]arenes on Ag and Au nanostructured surfaces as well as their complexes with pyrene. The influence of adsorption and complexation with pyrene on the host calixarene structure was tested for two different calixarene molecules bearing carboethoxy groups (CH(3)CH(2)COOCH(2)-) in the low rim at positions 1,3- and 1,2,3,4-. The results obtained with SEIR were compared to those obtained with SERS, to better understand the interaction mechanism of the studied calixarenes with the metallic surfaces and the ligand as well as to investigate the structure/selectivity relationship of these two surface techniques in the analysis of recognition problems in which these ester functionalized calixarene molecules are involved.

Surface-enhanced micro-Raman detection and characterization of calix[4]arene-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon host-guest complexes.

Surface-enhanced micro-Raman spectroscopy (micro-SERS) was used to detect traces of the hazardous pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pyrene and benzo[c]phenanthrene deposited onto a calix[4]arene-functionalized Ag colloidal surface. High spectral reproducibility and very low molecular detection limits (10(-8) M) were obtained by using 25,27-carboethoxy-26,28-hidroxy-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene as host molecule. Films of immobilized aggregated Ag nanoparticles, obtained by chemical reduction with hydroxylamine, were prepared by direct adhesion on a glass surface. The influence of the aggregation degree of the initial Ag nanoparticles on the micro-SERS detection effectiveness was checked. Different relative concentrations of the host (calixarene receptor) and the guest (PAHs) were attempted in order to optimize detection of the pollutant. The obtained results indicated that the detection limit is much lower in the case of benzo[c]phenanthrene than in pyrene when exciting with the 785 nm line of a diode laser. A detailed interpretation of the Raman spectra was accomplished in order to obtain more information about the interaction mechanism of the host-guest complex, which could be useful in the future for the design of powerful detection systems.

Concordancia en el diagnóstico nutricional según indice de masa corporal, entre el equipo de salud y las escuelas de la Comuna de Colina / Concordance in nutritional diagnosis between the healthcare and school teachers teams, using the body mass index (BMI) in the borough of Colina

Introducción: La JUNAEB evalúa la situación nutricional de los escolares a partir de mediciones de peso y talla obtenidas por profesores de colegios fiscales. Objetivo: Comparar el diagnóstico nutricional según indice de masa corporal (IMC) a partir de mediciones realizadas en escuelas versus el equipo de salud escolar. Hipótesis: Se espera encontrar concordancia entre ambos grupos, Kappa > 0,8. Material y Metodo: Se analizó la concordancia entre ambos grupos, en los diagnósticos nutricionales de alumnos de primero basico de 9 escuelas de Colina. Resultados: Se obtuvo datos de 416 alumnos; la prevalencia de sobrepeso mes obesidad, según los datos de las escuelas fue 38 por ciento y 29 por ciento según equipo de salud (p < 0,05); la prevalencia de bajo peso fue 4,4 por ciento y 5,8 por ciento respectivamente (no significativo). La concordancia en el diagnóstico nutricional tiene un Kappa de 0,56. Conclusiones: Se demuestra baja concordancia en el diagnóstico nutricional entre ambos grupos, haciendose indispensable la revisión del proceso de evaluación de la situación nutricional de nuestros escolares.