Classification of Rice Yield Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imagery and Lodging Feature.

High-yield rice cultivation is an effective way to address the increasing food demand worldwide. Correct classification of high-yield rice is a key step of breeding. However, manual measurements within breeding programs are time consuming and have high cost and low throughput, which limit the application in large-scale field phenotyping. In this study, we developed an accurate large-scale approach and presented the potential usage of hyperspectral data for rice yield measurement using the XGBoost algorithm to speed up the rice breeding process for many breeders. In total, 13 japonica rice lines in regional trials in northern China were divided into different categories according to the manual measurement of yield. Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform equipped with a hyperspectral camera to capture images over multiple time series, a rice yield classification model based on the XGBoost algorithm was proposed. Four comparison experiments were carried out through the intraline test and the interline test considering lodging characteristics at the midmature stage or not. The result revealed that the degree of lodging in the midmature stage was an important feature affecting the classification accuracy of rice. Thus, we developed a low-cost, high-throughput phenotyping and nondestructive method by combining UAV-based hyperspectral measurements and machine learning for estimation of rice yield to improve rice breeding efficiency.

Influences of humic acid and fulvic acid on horizontal leaching behavior of anthracene in soil barriers.

The influences of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) on horizontal leaching behaviors of anthracene in barriers were investigated. Soil colloids (≤1 µm) were of concern because of their abilities of colloid-facilitated transport for hydrophobic organic compounds with soluble and insoluble organic matters. Through freely out of the barriers in the presence of soil colloids with FA added, the higher concentrations of anthracene were from 320 µg L(-1) (D1 and D3) to 390 µg L(-1) (D2 and D4) with 1 to 20 cm in length. The contents of anthracene were distributed evenly at 25 ng g(-1) dry weight (DW) (D1 and D3) and 11 ng g(-1) DW (D2 and D4) in barriers. Therefore, anthracene leaching behaviors were mainly induced by soil colloids with soluble organic matters. The insoluble organic matters would facilitate anthracene onto soil colloids and enhance the movement in and through porous media of soil matrix.