RESUMO
Avian H7N9 influenza virus, which emerged in 2013 China, had caused the fifth wave of peaks in 2016-2017. Gansu Province locate in western China far away from the epicenter of the virus, also detected cases in this wave. During the monitoring, five human cases with H7N9 virus infection, three cases in Jiuquan and two cases in Zhangye, were reported and investigated. A total of 88 environmental samples collected from March to June, in poultry farms and live poultry markets were H7N9 positive by real time RT-PCR assay. The two human viruses were identified as LPAI viruses, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses might be introduced into Gansu by two distinct trade routes. Avian influenza H7N9virus posed a pandemic potential to threaten human health, and monitoring among birds and the environment should be strengthened.
Assuntos
Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A , Influenza Aviária , Influenza Humana , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Humanos , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Aves DomésticasRESUMO
After no reported human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 for over a year, a case with severe disease occurred in late March 2019. Among HPAI H7N9 viral sequences, those recovered from the case and from environmental samples of a poultry slaughtering stall near their home formed a distinct clade from 2017 viral sequences. Several mutations possibly associated to antigenic drift occurred in the haemagglutinin gene, potentially warranting update of H7N9 vaccine strains.
Assuntos
Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Neuraminidase/genética , Animais , China/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/genética , Humanos , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Neuraminidase/metabolismo , Filogenia , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Aves Domésticas/virologia , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Three main surveillance systems (laboratory-confirmed, influenza-like illness (ILI) and nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NIDRIS)) have been used for influenza surveillance in China. However, it is unclear which surveillance system is more reliable in developing influenza early warning system based on surveillance data. This study aims to evaluate the similarity and difference of the three surveillance systems and provide practical knowledge for improving the effectiveness of influenza surveillance. Weekly influenza data for the three systems were obtained from March 2010 to February 2015. Spearman correlation and time series seasonal decomposition were used to assess the relationship between the three surveillance systems and to explore seasonal patterns and characteristics of influenza epidemics in Gansu, China. Our results showed influenza epidemics appeared a single-peak around January in all three surveillance systems. Time series seasonal decomposition analysis demonstrated a similar seasonal pattern in the three systems, while long-term trends were observed to be different. Our research suggested that a combination of the NIDRIS together with ILI and laboratory-confirmed surveillance is an informative, comprehensive way to monitor influenza transmission in Gansu, China. These results will provide a useful information for developing influenza early warning systems based on influenza surveillance data.
Assuntos
Epidemias , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Pesquisa Comparativa da Efetividade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estações do Ano , Adulto JovemRESUMO
To study the epidemic characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in children with acute respiratory infections in Gansu Province. 286 throat swabs were collected from children with acute respiratory in fections in Gansu Province during 2011. Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (multiplex RT-PCR) assay was used to screen those specimens for detection of common respiratory tract pathogens. For HRV-positive samples, nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) was performed to amplify VP1 and VP4/VP2 gene fragments of HRV. The VP4/VP2 and VP1 regions of HRV-positive samples were sequenced and performed genotype analysis. Of 286 specimens fested, 27 were positive for HRV by multiplex RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR, of which 16 children were made (16/185), 8.64%) and 11 female (11/101,10.89%). The positive rate was 9.44% (27/286). The mean age of HRV-positive children was 3 years in this study, children less than one year old had the highest proportion 44.4% (12/ 27, 44.4%). The highest HRV positive rate fell on May, 2011 (6/27, 22.2%). Common cold accounted for the highest proportion, 12.24% (12/98) followed by pneumonia, 8.50% (13/153). The remaining 2 cases were bronchitis. Sequence analysis showed HRV A was the predominant genotype in Gansu Province in 2011, accounting for 84.62% (22/26) of positive cases, followed by HRV C (11.54%, 3/26) and only one HRV B was detected (3.85%, 1/26). HRV could be detected throughout the year in Gansu Province and primarily infected children under one year old. The group A was the epidemic genotype of HRV and move than one genotype existed in Gansu Province during 2011.
