Management strategies of dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviors in children with Autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: Children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was frequently experienced dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviors during dental treatment. Oral health care was necessary because of the poor oral hygiene and prevalent dental diseases in this population. AIM: In this systematic review, we evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility for pediatric dentist to manage the dental anxiety in children with ASD. DESIGN: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically performed on the literature search. The date of eligible publications was from inception to January 2023. After that, the quality of eligible studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Review findings were summarized using the PRISMA Statement for reporting. RESULTS: A total of six studies were systematically evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five studies were conducted to evaluate ASD Children's anxiety and uncooperative performance in the progressive oral examination, oral disease prophylaxis and fluoride application. The other one study evaluated the success rate of treatment in decayed permanent tooth treatment. In the included studies, four studies indicated that it was extremely necessary to reduce dental anxiety of ASD children to increase the cooperation in sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE). CONCLUSION: It is not always effective and feasible for pediatric dentist to manage the dental anxiety in children with autism during routine oral examination. Meanwhile, it is necessary for ASD children to conduct preoperative psychological assessment, to investigate parents' expectations and cooperation, and to determine whether to start corresponding dental treatment.

[Study on the Expression of KDM6B of Osteoblast in Diabetic Environment].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of osteogenic differentiation and the expression of histone demethylases KDM6B in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in diabetic environment. METHODS: Diabetic model rats was successfully established, and BMSCs from diabetic model rats and normal rats were isolated and cultured for further study. When cultured cells, we added high concentration of glucose and advanced glycosylation products (AGE) in the medium to imitating the diabetic environment. BMSCs were divided into 6 groups: diabetes group (derived from diabets SD rats), normal group (derived from normal SD rats), high glucose group (30 mmol/L D-glucose), normal glucose group (5.5 mmol/L D-glucose), AGE group (AGE 300 µg/mL) and BSA group (BSA 300 µg/mL). BMSCs in diabetes group were derived from diabetes SD rats, while others were derived from normal SD rats. After 7 d of osteogenic induction, the cells were examined the ability of osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, the transcription levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and KDM6B were determined by RT-PCR, and the expression levels of H3K27Me3 protein were examined by Western bolt. RESULTS: Compared with the control groups, the numbers of ALP stained cells and the mRNA levels of Runx2 and KDM6B in diabetes group, high glucose group and AGE group were all decreased (P < 0.05), while H3K27Me3 protein expression levels were all increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The ability of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in diabetic environment was weakened, and the expression of Runx2 mRNA was inhibited, which may be related to the increased expression of H3K27Me3 after the inhibition of KDM6B expression.

[Construction of Trim6 eukaryotic expression vector and its expression in HEK293 cells].

AIM: To construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 (+)-Trim6, and observe its expression in HEK293T cells in vitro. METHODS: The total RNA was isolated from HeLa cells. After amplification with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the target sequences were cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+). The recombinant vector was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing. Then it was transfected into HEK293T cells.After 24 hours, the Trim6 expression was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: The results of the restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing confirmed the vector was constructed successfully, and it can express Trim6 protein in HEK293T cells. CONCLUSION: The vector is constructed successfully, which establishes the foundation for future research on the effect of Trim6.