Efficient adsorption of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances by pristine and Fe/Cu-loaded reed straw biochars.

As the substitutes of legacy long-chain per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), short-chain PFASs have been widely detected in the environment. Compared to long-chain PFASs, short-chain PFASs have smaller molecules and are more hydrophilic. Therefore, they are more likely to experience long-distance transport and pose lasting environmental impacts. In this study, Fe-doped (R-Fe) and Cu-doped biochars (R-Cu) were prepared using reed straw biochar (R). The results showed that the PFBA and PFPeA sorption capacities of R-Fe were 25.81 and 43.59 mg g-1, 1.65 and 1.55 times higher than those of R, respectively. The PFBA and PFPeA sorption capacities of R-Cu were 19.34 and 33.69 mg g-1, 1.24 and 1.20 times higher than those of R, respectively. In addition, R, R-Fe, and R-Cu exhibited higher PFBA and PFPeA sorption capacities than the biochars previously reported. The excellent PFAS sorption performances of the biochars were attributed to the highly porous structure of R, which provided rich adsorption sites. Ion-pair sorption, pore filling, electrostatic interaction between the Fe/Cu and cationic groups on biochar and the anionic groups of PFASs, and hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic surface of biochar and the fluorinated tails of PFASs were the underlying sorption mechanisms. The biochars presented high removal rates (>86 %) of multiple PFASs (∑PFAS: 350 µg L-1) from synthetic wastewaters, including legacy and emerging PFASs of different chain lengths and with different functional groups. The biochars reported in this study are promising candidate adsorbents for treating waters contaminated with short-chain PFASs.

Automatic detection of the third molar and mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs based on deep learning.

PURPOSE: This study aims to develop a deep learning framework for the automatic detection of the position relationship between the mandibular third molar (M3) and the mandibular canal (MC) on panoramic radiographs (PRs), to assist doctors in assessing and planning appropriate surgical interventions. METHODS: Datasets D1 and D2 were obtained by collecting 253 PRs from a hospitals and 197 PRs from online platforms. The RPIFormer model proposed in this study was trained and validated on D1 to create a segmentation model. The CycleGAN model was trained and validated on both D1 and D2 to develop an image enhancement model. Ultimately, the segmentation and enhancement models were integrated with an object detection model to create a fully automated framework for M3 and MC detection in PRs. Experimental evaluation included calculating Dice coefficient, IoU, Recall, and Precision during the process. RESULTS: The RPIFormer model proposed in this study achieved an average Dice coefficient of 92.56 % for segmenting M3 and MC, representing a 3.06 % improvement over the previous best study. The deep learning framework developed in this research enables automatic detection of M3 and MC in PRs without manual cropping, demonstrating superior detection accuracy and generalization capability. CONCLUSION: The framework developed in this study can be applied to PRs captured in different hospitals without the need for model fine-tuning. This feature is significant for aiding doctors in accurately assessing the spatial relationship between M3 and MC, thereby determining the optimal treatment plan to ensure patients' oral health and surgical safety.

Irradiation-Assisted Enhancement of Foaming and Thermal Gelation Functionality of Liquid Egg White.

Ionizing radiation has its unique popularity as a non-thermal decontamination technique treating with protein-rich foodstuffs to ensure the microbial and sensory quality, particularly for shell eggs. However, the changes in the functional properties of egg protein fractions such as liquid egg white (LEW) with macro/microstructural information are still controversial. Hence, this study was designed to elaborate the foaming and heat-set gelation functionality of LEW following different γ-ray irradiation dose treatments (0, 1, 3 or 5 kGy). For such, the physicochemical properties (active sulfhydryl and the hydrophobicity of protein moieties), structural characteristics (through X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry) and interfacial activities (rheological viscosity, interfacial tension, microrheological performance) were investigated. Then, the thermal gelation of LEW in relation to the texture profile and microstructure (by means of a scanning electron microscope) was evaluated followed by the swelling potency analysis of LEW gel in enzyme-free simulated gastric juice. The results indicated that irradiation significantly increased the hydrophobicity of liquid egg white proteins (LEWPs) (p < 0.05) by exposing non-polar groups and the interfacial rearrangement from a ß-sheet to linear and smaller crystal structure, leading to an enhanced foaming capacity. Microstructural analysis revealed that the higher dose irradiation (up to 5 kGy) could promote the proteins' oxidation of LEW alongside protein aggregates formed in the amorphous region, which favored heat-set gelation. As evidenced in microrheology, ≤3 kGy irradiation provided an improved viscoelastic interface film of LEW during gelatinization. Particularly, the LEW gel treated with 1 kGy irradiation had evident swelling resistance during the times of acidification at pH 1.2. These results gave new insight into the irradiation-assisted enhancement of foaming and heat-set gelation properties of LEW.

Decreasing of serine/threonine kinase 39 has tumour inhibiting effects on acute myeloid leukaemia by impacting the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ß-catenin signalling cascades.

Serine/threonine kinase 39 (STK39) has been identified as a key regulator of tumour progression. However, whether STK39 plays a role in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains undetermined. This work explored the expression and functions of STK39 in AML. STK39 was found to be overexpressed in AML and was negatively correlated with overall survival. Functionally, silencing STK39 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell differentiation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The tumour inhibiting effects of STK39 downregulation were also verified by an in vivo xenograft tumour assay. Mechanistically, STK39 was closely related to the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ß-catenin signalling cascades in AML. Silencing of STK39 had suppressive effects on the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/ß-catenin signalling cascades. The suppressive effect of STK39 silencing on the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling cascade was significantly reversed when PI3K/AKT was reactivated. When ß-catenin was re-expressed, the tumour-inhibiting effects caused by STK39 silencing were significantly eliminated. Therefore, STK39 plays a crucial role in AML and could be targeted for potential therapeutic purposes in treating AML.

From Polyester Plastics to Diverse Monomers via Low-Energy Upcycling.

Polyester plastics, constituting over 10% of the total plastic production, are widely used in packaging, fiber, single-use beverage bottles, etc. However, their current depolymerization processes face challenges such as non-broad spectrum recyclability, lack of diversified high-value-added depolymerization products, and crucially high energy consumption. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed for dismantling the compact structure of polyester plastics to achieve diverse monomer recovery. Polyester plastics undergo swelling and decrystallization with a low depolymerization energy barrier via synergistic effects of polyfluorine/hydrogen bonding, which is further demonstrated via density functional theory calculations. The swelling process is elucidated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. Obvious destruction of the crystalline region is demonstrated through X-ray crystal diffractometry curves. PET undergoes different aminolysis efficiently, yielding nine corresponding high-value-added monomers via low-energy upcycling. Furthermore, four types of polyester plastics and five types of blended polyester plastics are closed-loop recycled, affording diverse monomers with exceeding 90% yields. Kilogram-scale depolymerization of real polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastics is successfully achieved with a 96% yield.

Effects of straw returning combined with blended controlled-release urea fertilizer on crop yields, greenhouse gas emissions, and net ecosystem economic benefits: A nine-year field trial.

Although straw returning combined with blended controlled-release urea fertilizer (BUFS) has been shown to improve wheat-maize rotation system productivity, their effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon footprints (CF), and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) are still unknown. Life cycle assessment was used to investigate a long-term (2013-2022) wheat-maize rotation experiment that included straw combined with two N fertilizer types [BUFS and (conventional urea fertilizer) CUFS] and straw-free treatments (BUF and CUF). The results showed that BUFS and CUFS treatments increased the annual yield by 13.8% and 11.5%, respectively, compared to BUF and CUF treatments. The BUFS treatment increased the yearly yield by 13.8% compared to the CUFS treatment. Since BUFS and CUFS treatments increased soil organic carbon (SOC) sink sequestration by 25.0% and 27.0% compared to BUF and CUF treatments, they reduced annual GHG emissions by 7.1% and 4.7% and CF per unit of yield (CFY) by 13.7% and 9.6%, respectively. BUFS treatment also increased SOC sink sequestration by 20.3%, reduced GHG emissions by 10.7% and CFY by 23.0% compared to CUFS treatment. It is worth noting that the BUFS and CUFS treatments increased the annual ecological costs by 41.6%, 26.9%, and health costs by 70.1% and 46.7% compared to the BUF and CUF treatments, but also increased the net yield benefits by 9.8%, 6.8%, and the soil nutrient cycling values by 29.2%, 27.3%, and finally improved the NEEB by 10.1%, 7.3%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the BUFS treatment compared to the CUFS treatment, ultimately improving the NEEB by 23.1%. Based on assessing yield, GHG emissions, CF, and NEEB indicators, the BUFS treatment is recommended as an ideal agricultural fertilization model to promote sustainable and clean production in the wheat-maize rotation system and to protect the agroecological environment.

Exploration of the potential association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.

BACKGROUND: Establishing whether there is a potential relationship between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and suicidal or self-injurious behaviors (SSIBs) is crucial for public safety. This study investigated the potential association between GLP-1RAs and SSIBs by exploring the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. METHODS: A disproportionality analysis was conducted using post-marketing data from the FAERS repository (2018 Q1 to 2022 Q4). SSIB cases associated with GLP-1RAs were identified and analyzed through disproportionality analysis using the information component. The parametric distribution with a goodness-of-fit test was employed to analyze the time-to-onset, and the Ω shrinkage was used to evaluate the potential effect of co-medication on the occurrence of SSIBs. RESULTS: In total, 204 cases of SSIBs associated with GLP-1RAs, including semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, and albiglutide, were identified in the FAERS database. Time-of-onset analysis revealed no consistent mechanism for the latency of SSIBs in patients receiving GLP-1RAs. The disproportionality analysis did not indicate an association between GLP-1RAs and SSIBs. Co-medication analysis revealed 81 cases with antidepressants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines, which may be proxies of mental health comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: We found no signal of disproportionate reporting of an association between GLP-1RA use and SSIBs. Clinicians need to maintain heightened vigilance on patients premedicated with neuropsychotropic drugs. This contributes to the greater acceptance of GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity.

Adsorption of phosphate onto agricultural waste biochars with ferrite/manganese modified-ball-milled treatment and its reuse in saline soil.

Agricultural waste biochar was widely used to absorb phosphorus (P) from eutrophicated water and soil remediation. However, the research on the reuse of the sorbed P on biochar in infertile saline soil is insufficient. Biochars derived from four kinds of agricultural wastes (cotton straws from two origins, maize stalk, and rice husk) were modified and applied to adsorb phosphate in waste water and then be reused in saline soil in this study. The co-modified method combining ball milling and metal coated treatment obtained the higher specific surface area (SSA) of ferrite/manganese modified-ball-milled biochars (Fe/Mn-BMBCs) (226.5-331.5 m2 g-1) than that of pristine biochars (14.02-30.35 m2 g-1) and ferrite/manganese modified biochar (Fe/Mn-BC) (223.7 m2 g-1), which could improve the pore structure of metal modified biochar. The phosphate adsorption capacity (qmax) of Fe/Mn-BMBCs with rich functional groups and high SSA were 44.0-53.8 mg g-1, which was 4.47-5.82 times higher than that of pristine biochars. Fe/Mn-BMBCs showed efficiently adsorption performance at low pH and high temperature. The application of BC to saline soil could promote the availability of P in saline soil. P-loaded biochars could afford P as a nutrient to promote the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in saline soil. The lettuce fresh weight in Fe/Mn-BMBC-P2 treated soil was 8.21 times higher than that grew in control check (CK) treatment. As a P element provider, P-loaded biochars not only improve saline soil fertility and crop productivity, but also convert the agricultural wastes and P in eutrophicated waters to the sustainable resource.

Acute effects of athletic taping on arch deformity and plantar pressure in young female adults with flexible flatfoot.

OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to explore the acute effects of athletic taping techniques on foot arch deformity and plantar pressure in young female adults with flexible flatfoot (FFT). METHODS: Twenty young female adults with FFT were recruited in the current study. Each participant was randomly divided into two taping groups, namely, augmented low-dye (ALD) and modified low-dye (MLD). The foot arch deformity and plantar pressure were measured at baseline, after taping and after 20 min of walking. The foot arch deformity was determined based on navicular drop distance (NDD) and resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP). RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the NDD values were significantly lower after taping. After 20 min of walking, ALD taping resulted in a lower NDD value than MLD (p < 0.001). ALD maintained a higher RCSP than baseline after 20 min of walking (p = 0.004). Furthermore, compared with baseline, medial midfoot force-time integration (p = 0.013) and contact area (p = 0.022) increased after taping with MLD, and peak pressure in the medial midfoot increased after walking for 20 min with MLD (p = 0.026). Peak pressure in the second to fifth toes significantly decreased after 20 min of walking with ALD compared with that after taping immediately (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: ALD and MLD taping could improve FFT arch deformity and plantar pressure distribution, prospectively changing peak pressure of the second to fifth toe area and medial midfoot after 20 min of walking, integrated contact area and force-time integration medial midfoot during walking in young female adults. Furthermore, ALD taping could improve FFT deformity more than using MLD after 20 min of walking. Thus, when treating FFT in young female adults, ALD taping should be considered adaptively to guide arch support production and correct midfoot pronation.

Excessive free radical grafting interferes with the macromolecular association and crystallization of brined porcine myofibrils during heat-set gelatinization.

Free radical grafting and oxidative modification show superiority in myofibrillar protein (MP) aggregation patterns during salting process, but their consequent formation mechanisms of protein hydration network require further evaluation. Herein, we explored the effect of salt-curing (0, 1, 3 and 5 %) on MP protein polymer substrate, water-protein interaction, crystallization events and thermal stability under H2O2/ascorbate-based hydroxyl radical (•OH)-generating system (HRGS) (1, 10, 20 mM H2O2). Results showed that moderate salting (≤3%) favored the water binding of MP gels during the oxidation course. Accordingly, the maximum thermal stability (Tm) of MP gels was obtained at 3 % salting could be greatly attributed to the protein chain solubilization and refolding process. However, 5 % salt synergized with •OH oxidation intensified diffraction peak 2 (the most striking diffraction feature). Microstructural analysis validated a maximum compactness of MP gel following brining with 5 % salt at potent oxidation strength (20 mM H2O2). This study maybe promises efficient strategy to the myogenetic fibril products and biomaterials.

New insights into the function of lipid droplet-related proteins and lipid metabolism of salt-stimulated porcine biceps femoris: label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics, morphometry and bioinformatics.

BACKGROUND: Lipid droplets (LDs) are important multifunctional organelles responsible for lipid metabolism of postmortem muscle. However, the dynamics in their building blocks (cores and layers) and phosphorylation of lipid droplet-related proteins (LDRPs) regulating meat lipolysis remain unknown at salt-stimulated conditions. RESULTS: LDRPs extracted from cured porcine biceps femoris (1% and 3% salt) were subjected to label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis and LDs morphological validation. Results indicated that 3% salt curing significantly decreased triglyceride (TG) content with increase in glycerol and decrease in LDs fluorescence compared to 1% salt curing. Comparative phosphoproteomics showed that there were significant changes in phosphorylation at 386 sites on 174 LDRPs between assayed groups (P < 0.05). These differential proteins were mainly involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Curing of 3% salt induced more site-specific phosphorylation of perilipin 1 (PLIN1, at Ser81) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL, at Ser399) than 1%, whereas the phosphorylation (at Ser600) of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was up-regulated. Ultrastructure imaging showed that LDs were mostly associated with mitochondria, and the average diameter of LDs decreased from 2.34 µm (1% salt) to 1.73 µm (3% salt). CONCLUSION: Phosphoproteomics unraveled salt-stimulated LDRPs phosphorylation of cured porcine meat provoked intensified lipolysis. Curing of 3% salt allowed an enhanced lipolysis than 1% by up-regulating the phosphorylation sites of LDRPs and recruited lipases. The visible splitting of LDs, together with sarcoplasmic disorganization, supported the lipolysis robustness following 3% salt curing. The finding provides optimization ideas for high-quality production of cured meat products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

CaMKK2 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via the action on the AMPK-AKT-GSK-3ß/Nrf2 signaling cascade.

OBJECTIVE: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) can regulate numerous biological processes and is implicated in diverse pathological processes. Yet its role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury remains unknown. This project explored the possible functions and mechanisms of CaMKK2 in MI/R injury. METHODS: A rat model of MI/R in vivo was established using the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation method. Rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to establish a cell model. Overexpression of CaMKK2 was achieved by infecting recombinant adeno-associated virus or adenovirus expressing CaMKK2. Real-time quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, TTC staining, TUNEL assay, ELISA, oxidative stress detection assays, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay were carried out. RESULTS: A decline in CaMKK2 levels was induced by MI/R in vivo or H/R in vitro. Up-modulation of CaMKK2 in rats ameliorated the cardiac injury evoked by MI/R injury accompanied by suppression of cardiac apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory response. Rat cardiomyocytes with CaMKK2 overexpression were also protected from H/R damage by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory response. CaMKK2 overexpression led to increased phosphorylation of AMPK, AKT, and GSK-3ß, and enhanced activation of Nrf2 under MI/R or H/R conditions. Inhibition of AMPK abolished CaMKK2-mediated Nrf2 activation and relevant cardioprotective effect. Restraint of Nrf2 also diminished CaMKK2-mediated relevant cardioprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulation of CaMKK2 provides a therapeutic benefit in the rat model of MI/R injury by boosting the Nrf2 pathway through regulation of AMPK/AKT/GSK-3ß, which suggests CaMKK2 as a new molecular target for the treatment of MI/R injury.

Efficient cadmium immobilization by organic loaded Na-montmorillonite in a contaminated soil.

Clay minerals are effective sorbents for toxic metal immobilization in contaminated soils and waters. However, their Cd immobilization efficiency is unclear when they are loaded with organics. In this study, sodium montmorillonite (Na-M) was successfully loaded with potassium humate, chitosan, and glycine to adsorb Cd(II) in solution. Potassium humate loaded Na-M (Na-M-HA), which had the highest specific surface area and cation exchange capacity (CEC), showed the highest Cd(II) adsorption capacity (73.7 mg g-1), 22.5 % and 81.8 % higher than that of chitosan loaded Na-M (Na-M-CTS) and glycine loaded Na-M (Na-M-G), respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described (R2 > 0.98) the adsorption kinetics of Cd(II) on the three Na-Ms, indicating that the adsorption processes were of chemisorption nature. The adsorption isotherm of Cd(II) on Na-M-HA was of the Freundlich type, suggesting multilayer adsorption. In contrast, the isothermal adsorption of Cd(II) on Na-M-CTS (R2 = 0.99) and Na-M-G (R2 = 0.89) was better described by the Langmuir model, suggesting the dominance of monolayer adsorption in the adsorption process. High temperature, high pH, low background ionic strength, and low valence competing cations favored Cd(II) adsorption on Na-M-HA. The underlying mechanisms of Cd(II) sorption on Na-M-HA were electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and complexation. Na-M-HA was applied to a Cd polluted soil planted with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). in a pot experiment. Compared to the control with no adsorbent application, Na-M-HA application at 2 % effectively reduced the available Cd content in soil and Cd accumulation in plant by 36.0 % and 56.8 %, respectively. This work demonstrated that Na-M-HA is a green, low-cost and excellent adsorbent for Cd stabilization, and that its application in Cd-polluted soils can efficiently reduce Cd bioavailability and thereby Cd transfer along the food chain and eventually reduce the threat of Cd pollution to human health.

Adsorption behaviors of chlorpyrifos on UV aged microplastics.

Both non-degradable and biodegradable plastics can act as vectors of diverse organic pollutants. In this study, two types of biodegradable microplastics [poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA)] and one type of non-degradable microplastics [polypropylene (PP)] were selected to investigate the impacts of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for one month on microplastics surface modification and their adsorption behaviors for chlorpyrifos (CPF). The study revealed that PBAT held the largest adsorption capacity, and PLA held the fastest adsorption rate. The UV irradiation diminished the adsorption capacities on PLA and PP but enhanced the adsorption capacities on PBAT. The adsorption capacity normalized by specific surface area revealed that specific surface area was the dominant factor for affecting the adsorption capacities on PP and PLA after UV irradiation. These findings further clarify the interaction between CPF and microplastics, and provide a theoretical basis for assessing the ecological risk of microplastics in water.

Underlying formation mechanisms of ultrasound-assisted brined porcine meat: The role of physicochemical modification, myofiber fragmentation and histological organization.

Ultrasound treatment has been a good hurdle technique for meat curing processing, where both physical and chemical consequences can be involved towards final quality of obtained products. However, the specific correlation between ultrasound parameters and muscle fiber fragmentation and myofibrillar microstructural changes during curing deserve further evaluation. In present study, we comparatively studied the effect of ultrasound-assisted brining (UAB) and static brining (SB) on the muscle proteolysis events and microstructural/morphological variation of porcine meat as well as the physicochemical indices and histological characteristics. The results showed that UAB (20 kHz, 315 W for 1 h) could markedly enhance the muscle proteolysis with higher free-/peptide-bound alpha-amino-nitrogen (α-NH2-N) content (P < 0.05) than SB treatment and greatly improved the fragmentation of muscle fiber tissues of cured meat. Meanwhile, UAB processing favored more opening structures of myofibrillar proteins with more hydrophobic groups being exposed. The quantitative histological analysis revealed that, compared with SB treatment, UAB could significantly increase the gap between muscle fibers and the swelling of the perimysium (P < 0.01), proving an efficient curing process with better textural and water holding properties.

Characteristics of soil CO2 emission and ecosystem carbon balance in wheat-maize rotation field with 4-year consecutive application of two lignite-derived humic acids.

Humic acid originating from lignite is a popular resource of organic fertilizer. The effects of humic acid application on crop biomass and soil CO2 emission charged the regional agro-ecosystem carbon balance. Two kinds of humic acid, obtained from lignite via H2O2-oxidation (OHA) and KOH-activation (AHA), were applied in a wheat-maize rotation located field at three levels of 500 (OHA1; AHA1), 1000 (OHA2; AHA2), and 1500 kg hm-2 (OHA3; AHA3), only chemical fertilizer treatment (CF) as control to investigate the change of soil CO2 emission, crop yield and ecosystem carbon balance in 2016-2019. During the four experimental years, the trend of cumulative efflux of soil CO2 was increasing in medium and high dosage humic acid treatments. The grain yield of wheat and maize had the same trend as the cumulative efflux of soil CO2 due to the increase of soil NO3--N and soil available P directly affected by humic acid application. The main factor of cumulative soil CO2 efflux improvement was soil NO3--N and soil available P in 2016, while soil available potassium became key factor in 2019 with the step regression. Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was used to assess ecosystem carbon balance, which was positive values showed atmospheric CO2 sink under all the fertilization treatments and increased with the increase of humic acid use level. AHA2 and AHA3 treatments charged the higher NEP in 2019 than 2016. Meanwhile, AHA treatment presented a higher NEP average than OHA treatment with the same applied level. Crop yield and soil available P was the directly positive factor to NEP over four years under the fertilization by SEM analysis. It is recommended that AHA be applied at 1000 kg hm-2 together with chemical fertilizers to achieve the higher crop yield and a sink of the atmospheric CO2 in agricultural fields in North China.

LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 contributes to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes via miR-130a-3p/ZNF791 axis.

It has been reported that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) KCNQ1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) played an important role in myocardial infarction (MI). However, the regulatory network behind KCNQ1OT1 in MI is largely unknown. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the enrichment of KCNQ1OT1, microRNA-130a-3p (miR-130a-3p) and zinc finger 791 (ZNF791). The viability and apoptosis of AC16 cells were measured by (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to assess the inflammation and oxidative stress status of AC16 cells. The targeted relationship between miR-130a-3p and KCNQ1OT1 or ZNF791 was predicted by StarBase bioinformatic database, and dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were carried out to verify these predictions. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) stimulation caused a significant upregulation in the expression of KCNQ1OT1, while the level of miR-130a-3p showed an opposite phenomenon. KCNQ1OT1 was a crucial downstream component in H2 O2 -mediated toxic effects, and KCNQ1OT1 accelerated H2 O2 -induced toxic effects in AC16 cells. KCNQ1OT1 could sponge miR-130a-3p and down-regulate its expression. MiR-130a-3p exerted opposite effects to KCNQ1OT1, and the depletion of miR-130a-3p attenuated the protective effects of KCNQ1OT1 intervention on AC16 cells exposed to H2 O2 . MiR-130a-3p could bind to ZNF791, and ZNF791 served as the target of miR-130a-3p to promote H2 O2 -induced injury of AC16 cells. ZNF791 was modulated by KCNQ1OT1/miR-130a-3p signaling in H2 O2 -treated AC16 cells. In all, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 deteriorated H2 O2 -mediated injury in cardiomyocytes through upregulating ZNF791 via serving as a molecular sponge for miR-130a-3p.

Advanced Lipidomics in the Modern Meat Industry: Quality Traceability, Processing Requirement, and Health Concerns.

Over the latest decade, lipidomics has been extensively developed to give robust strength to the qualitative and quantitative information of lipid molecules derived from physiological animal tissues and edible muscle foods. The main lipidomics analytical platforms include mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), where MS-based approaches [e.g., "shotgun lipidomics," ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)] have been widely used due to their good sensitivity, high availability, and accuracy in identification/quantification of basal lipid profiles in complex biological point of view. However, each method has limitations for lipid-species [e.g., fatty acids, triglycerides (TGs), and phospholipids (PLs)] analysis, and necessitating the extension of effective chemometric-resolved modeling and novel bioinformatic strategies toward molecular insights into alterations in the metabolic pathway. This review summarized the latest research advances regarding the application of advanced lipidomics in muscle origin and meat processing. We concisely highlighted and presented how the biosynthesis and decomposition of muscle-derived lipid molecules can be tailored by intrinsic characteristics during meat production (i.e., muscle type, breed, feeding, and freshness). Meanwhile, the consequences of some crucial hurdle techniques from both thermal/non-thermal perspectives were also discussed, as well as the role of salting/fermentation behaviors in postmortem lipid biotransformation. Finally, we proposed the inter-relationship between potential/putative lipid biomarkers in representative physiological muscles and processed meats, their metabolism accessibility, general nutritional uptake, and potency on human health.

Interactions between unfolding/disassembling behaviors, proteolytic subfragments and reversible aggregation of oxidized skeletal myosin isoforms at different salt contents.

Myosin filament plays a critical role in water-trapping and thermodynamic regulation during processing of brined muscle foods. The redox state and availability of proteolytic/antioxidant enzymes affected by salt may change the ion-binding capacity of myosin consequently contributing to swelling and rehydration. Thus, this study investigated the impact of different salt content (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% NaCl) and oxidation in vitro (10 mM H2O2/ascorbate-based hydroxyl radical (OH)-generating system) on the oxidative stability, solubility/dispersion capacity, chymotrypsin digestibility, aggregation site and the microrheological properties of isolated porcine myosin. The result showed that, brining at 2% salt exposed more sulfhydryl groups and inhibited the formation of disulfide bond, whereby smaller dispersed structure (diameter within 10-50 nm) and higher Ca2+-ATPase activity of the denatured myosin were observed. Accordingly, gel electrophoresis showed that myosin S1 and HMM subunits were highly oxidized and susceptible to reversible assembles. Despite enhanced hydrophobic interactions between swelled myosin at 3% salt content, ≥4% salt greatly promoted the exposure/polarization of tryptophan and cross-linking structures, mainly occurring at myosin S2 portion. The results of micro-rheology proved that oxidized myosin formed a tighter heat-set network following rehydration at high ion strength (≥4% salt), suggesting an increased inter-droplet resistance and macroscopic viscosity. This work is expected to give some useful insights into improved texture and functionality of engineered muscle foods.

Acute effects of vibration foam rolling and local vibration during warm-up on athletic performance in tennis players.

Athletes are currently fond of vibration foam rollers (VFRs) and commercial portable vibration percussion devices (PVPDs). It is still unknown whether using these devices during warm-up has an immediate impact on athletic performance. A randomized block design was used in this study. The acute effects of VFR and PVPD on tennis players' athletic performance during warm-up were compared. For the countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and hexagon test (HT), the difference in performance between all interventions was significant (p = 0.007-0.034, η2p = 0.266-0.364). Only those who received VFR had significantly different CMJ and HT results when compared to the control group (CMJ height = 53.18 ±4.49 cm, p = 0.03, d = 1.26; HT time = 10.73 ±0.4 s, p = 0.03, d = 1.12). Participants' RSI values were significantly different after VFR (RSI = 2.01 ±0.11 cm·mm-1, p = 0.012, d = 1.76) and PVPD (RSI = 1.99 ±0.11 cm·mm-1, p = 0.025, d = 1.52) compared to the control group. Therefore, when using VFR and PVPD as part of warm-up protocols for tennis players of varying skill levels, VFR could have an immediate positive effect on power, reactive strength, and change of direction performance, while PVPD could immediately improve reactive strength performance.