A 2-DOF drag-free control ground simulation system based on Stewart platform.

Space-based gravitational wave detection missions use multiple satellites to form a very large scale Michelson laser interferometer in space. This requires extremely high precision displacement measurements at the picometer level between test masses even millions of kilometers apart. Drag-free control is a key technology to ensure the ultra-static and ultra-stable space experiment platform for space-based gravitational wave detection. This paper proposes an innovative ground simulation scheme for drag-free control principle based on the Stewart platform. The kinematics and dynamics modeling of the Stewart platform used in the experiment is presented. A drag-free ground simulation experimental equipment is designed and built. A two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) drag-free controller is designed based on the H∞ loop shaping algorithm which outperforms a PID controller in Simulink simulation. A semi-physical simulation experiment is conducted to verify the controller designed using rapid control prototyping technology. The experimental results show that the control performance reaches the limit accuracy of the hardware device, thus verifying the effectiveness of the drag-free control algorithm.

Surgical strategies and outcomes for myocardial bridges coexisting with other cardiac conditions.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial bridges are congenital coronary artery anomalies. There are still many controversies surrounding surgical treatment strategies for myocardial bridges combined with other heart disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical treatment strategies and outcomes in patients with these conditions. METHODS: Between March 2004 and October 2021, our institution witnessed 77 patients diagnosed with myocardial bridging who underwent surgical intervention. According to the myocardial bridge and combined heart disorder, four groups were identified: 1. isolated LAD supra-arterial myotomy group, 2. LAD CABG and(or not) myotomy  group, 3. LAD supra-arterial myotomy and grafting of other branches group, and 4. LAD supra-arterial myotomy and other cardiac surgery group. The perioperative outcomes, symptoms, life quality, mortality, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no deaths during hospitalization and no rethoractomy for postoperative bleeding or major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 199.2 months (55.61 ± 10.21) months, the 10-year cumulative survival rates for the four groups of patients were 95.0%, 100%, 100% and 74.1%, and the 10-year freedom rates from the MACEs were 83.9%, 92.0%, 87.5% and 76.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Supra-arterial myotomy is preferred in patients with isolated myocardial bridge, and acceptable results can be achieved by choosing supra-arterial myotomy in combination with CABG or other cardiac surgery simultaneously for patients with myocardial bridges and other heart disorders.

Strategy and technique for surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly.

BACKGROUND: Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare and complex congenital heart anomaly, and the effect of surgical treatment is not ideal. This study aims to introduce our experience in management strategies, surgical techniques, and operative indications for patients with Ebstein's anomaly. METHODS: A retrospective study of 258 operations was performed in 253 patients by the same cardiac surgeon in The First Hospital of Tsinghua University between March 2004 and January 2020. 32 patients had previously received cardiac surgery in other hospitals. The clinical data including diagnosis, operative indications, techniques, pathological changes, and survival rates were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Anatomical correction was performed in 203 (78.7%) operations, 1½ ventricle repair in 38 (14.7%) operations, tricuspid valve repair only in four operations (1.6%), tricuspid valve replacement in ten (3.9%), total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in two (0.8%), and Glenn operation in one operation (0.4%). Reoperation was performed in five patients (2.0%) during hospitalization. Among them, tricuspid valve replacement was performed in one patient, 1½ ventricle repair in two patients, and tricuspid valve annulus reinforcement in two patients. Five patients died with an early mortality rate of 2.0%. Complete atrioventricular conduction block was complicated in one patient (0.4%). A total of 244 patients was followed up (four in the 253 patients lost) with a duration of 3.0-168.0 (87.6 ± 38.4) months. Cardiac function of 244 patients improved significantly with mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class recovery from 3.5 to 1.1. The mean grade of tricuspid valve regurgitation improved from 3.6 to 1.5. Three late deaths (1.2%) occurred. The survival rates at five and ten years after surgery were 98.6% and 98.2%, respectively. Reoperation was performed in five patients (2.0%) during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Based on our management strategies and operative principles and techniques, anatomical correction of EA is capable of achieving excellent long-term results, and low rates of TCPC, 1½ ventricle repair and valvular replacement.

The Association and Mediating Biomarkers of Serum Retinol in Influencing the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population.

The aims of this research are to elucidate whether serum retinol is associated with type 2 diabetes and to explore the underlying mechanisms of the association in a prospective cohort study. A total of 3,526 diabetes-free participants aged 40 years or older were enrolled at baseline in 2010-2012. Multivariable logistic regression was adopted to evaluate the associations of serum retinol and dietary vitamin A (VA) intake with type 2 diabetes. Mediation analyses were used to reveal potential mediators in their associations. After a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 280 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. Serum retinol was positively associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes from the bottom to the top quintile of serum retinol were 1, 1.878 (1.202, 2.936), 2.110 (1.364, 3.263), 1.614 (1.027, 2.538), and 2.134 (1.377, 3.306) (p-trend = 0.009), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that increased homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance HOMA-IR, triglycerides (TG), and serum xanthine oxidase (XO) activity could account for 8.5, 14.7, and 12.1% of the total effects of serum retinol on type 2 diabetes, respectively. Serum retinol concentration was not significantly associated with dietary VA intake (r = -0.010, p = 0.570). In addition, no significant relationship was observed between dietary VA intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Overall, elevated serum retinol might increase the risk of type 2 diabetes which is mainly mediated by increased insulin resistance, TG, or serum XO activity.

Surgical intervention and outcome for treatment of myocardial bridging refractory to medication.

INTRODUCTION: Myocardial bridging (MB) is a common and usually benign inborn coronary abnormality that may lead to anginal symptoms, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias, and rarely sudden cardiac death. MB are most commonly localized in the middle segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The treatment of LAD-MB is still challenging. Our objective was to assess the short- and long-term results of surgical procedures in patients with LAD-MB who had chest pain refractory to medical therapy. METHODS: Between March 2005 and January 2020, 26 patients (19 males and 7 females; mean 55.8 ± 12.4 years) with MB underwent surgery. All MB was located in the mid-segment of the LAD with a mean length of 4.2 ± 1.7 cm. Coronary angiography before surgery demonstrated LAD-MB with systolic compression more than or equal to 70% in all patients. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients underwent myotomy and one patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). All patients survived and recovered uneventfully. Neither hospital or late death nor major complications occurred. Follow-up time was 3-173 months (mean 55.7 months). Follow-up of coronary angiography or computed tomography scan performed in 16 patients demonstrated restoration of coronary blood flow and myocardial perfusion without significant residual compression of the artery. All patients were symptom-free and are currently in NYHA Class I. CONCLUSION: The symptomatic LAD-MB patients who are refractory to medication should actively undergo the surgical intervention such as myotomy and CABG to eliminate the clinical symptoms and achieve satisfactory results by follow-up findings. Myotomy is a preferred procedure because of its safety and satisfactory results.

Noise investigation of an electrostatic accelerometer by a high-voltage levitation method combined with a translation-tilt compensation pendulum bench.

A high precision electrostatic accelerometer has widely been employed to measure gravity gradients and detect gravitational waves in space. The high-voltage levitation method is one of the solutions for testing electrostatic accelerometers on the ground, which aims at simultaneously detecting all six-degree-of-freedom movements of the electrostatic accelerometers engineering and flight prototypes. However, the noise performance in the high-voltage levitation test is mainly limited by seismic noise. The combined test of the accelerometer and vibration isolation platform is adopted to improve the detection precision of the high-voltage levitation method. In this paper, a high precision electrostatic accelerometer prototype is developed after designed appropriate mechanical parameters with a test mass weighing 300 g and with an estimated resolution of 2 × 10-12 m/s2/Hz1/2 from 0.01 to 0.4 Hz. Such a prototype is tested by the high-voltage levitation method, its measurement noise on the ground is mainly limited by the seismic noise, which is about 5 × 10-7 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.2 Hz and about 4 × 10-8 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.1 Hz. A vibration isolation pendulum bench based on the translation-tilt compensation principle is adopted for accelerometer prototype combined tests to suppress the seismic noise, which has a large bench area and the ability to adjust the tilt angle precisely. The measured accelerometer noise of the combined test with the translation-tilt compensation pendulum has reached 3 × 10-9 m/s2/Hz1/2 around 0.2 Hz, and it is about two orders of magnitude lower than the measurement noise on the ground. The combined test method provides technical guidance for further improving the noise level of ground test in the future.

Prototype of a monolithic cavity-based ultrastable optical reference for space applications.

We present a compact, monolithic optical reference for the frequency stabilized laser of future inter-satellite laser interferometer missions. A prototype based on the integration of a high-finesse cavity and associate optics has been designed to be space compatible while maintaining sufficient stability. The prototype has then been developed with a space-qualified bonding technique, and an in situ multi-degree-of-freedom alignment method. The performances of the optical reference have been studied by beat note analysis with another frequency stabilized laser, and the preliminary results are in agreement with the potential requirements of future space missions.

The association of 14-year dietary cholesterol trajectories with the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, all-cause mortality and serum lipids.

OBJECTIVES: The effect of dietary cholesterol consumption on health effects and serum lipids remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary cholesterol trajectories over 14 years in China with the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and all-cause mortality and serum lipids. METHODS: This study used weighted longitudinal data of 8952 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and subgroup analyses included 5466 adults who provided blood samples. Latent class trajectory modelling was performed to examine cholesterol trajectories. Cox regression models and general linear regressions were performed to examine the association between trajectories and outcomes. RESULTS: Compared to the participants with persistently low dietary cholesterol intake, participants with gradually increasing cholesterol intake throughout adulthood were more likely to have hypertension (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.28) and to die due to all causes (HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.57, 3.05). Moreover, participants with persistently high cholesterol intake were more likely to die due to all causes (HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.47, 3.47). The total cholesterol (TC):HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in these two groups were also significantly elevated compared to the group with persistently low dietary cholesterol intake (all P < 0.05). An association between trajectories of cholesterol and the incidence of diabetes was also observed; however, such an association became non significant after additional adjustment for other nutrients, food consumption and social environment. CONCLUSIONS: Gradually increasing or persistently high cholesterol consumption throughout adulthood was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension and all-cause mortality with elevated serum lipids.

Strain and Strain Rate To Evaluate Right Heart Function of Ebstein Anomaly (EA) Patients Before and After Operation.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to elucidate the feasibility of using right ventricular (RV) strain and strain rate to evaluate right heart function of Ebstein anomaly (EA) patients before and after operation. METHODS: Sixty EA patients and 30 healthy controls underwent echocardiography (UCG) for evaluation of right heart function. Preoperative UCG and 1-week and 3-month postoperative UCG were performed in EA patients. RV strain and strain rate were measured on the four-chamber section of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). RESULTS: The strain and strain rate representative of right ventricle systolic function were reduced prior to operation. RV strain and strain rate improved after the operation (P < .001), most significantly in the basal segment and middle segment of the free wall of the right ventricle as well as the basal segment of the interventricular septum (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of RV strain and strain rate on tissue Doppler imaging can be employed to assess the preoperative and postoperative RV function, proves the positive effect of tricuspid valve repair on right heart function, and offers more insight on right heart function evaluation.

In vitro study on electrospun lecithin-based poly (L-lactic acid) scaffolds and their biocompatibility.

Lecithin is a natural mixture of phospholipids and neutral lipids, and plays a vital role in the maintenance of cell-membrane integrity for all of the basic biological processes.This study aimed to evaluate the adhesion and growth of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the three-dimensional (3D) electrospun lecithin-containing poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibrous scaffolds. In this study, PLLA and 0-15% of lecithin (wt.%) were dissolved in methylene chloride and thoroughly mixed to fabricate fibrous scaffolds by electrospinning technique. Surface morphology and hydrophilic properties of the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water uptake, respectively. The cytocompatibility of electrospun scaffolds and their potential cytotoxic effects on cells were studied over 8 days by seeding rat BMSCs on the scaffolds of PLLA containing 0-15% lecithin. Then cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 assay and cell injury was assessed by measuring the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). And cell morphology was studied by Toluidine blue staining, propidium iodide staining and SEM. The hydrophilicity was dramatically increased with an increase of lecithin content in the modified PLLA/lecithin scaffolds, as determined by rate of water uptake. In addition, the results obtained from in vitro assays suggested that the electrospun PLLA/5%lecithin scaffolds could possess the optimal hydrophilicity, higher adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs than PLLA, and they also did not lead to any significant toxic effects to cells. Moreover, BMSCs on PLLA/5%lecithin scaffolds tended to maintain their phenotypic shape and integrate with the microfibers to form a 3D cellular network, indicating a favorable interaction between this electrospun lecithin-based scaffolds and cells. The study demonstrated that the electrospun PLLA/lecithin fibrous scaffolds showed much better hydrophilicity and biocompatibility by introducing lecithin into the polymer in comparison with pure PLLA, which would offer a promising strategy for constructing tissue engnineered blood vessel.

Effect of Low-Dose Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Previous studies indicated a positive effect of vitamin K2 (VK2) supplementation on bone turnover biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD), but the doses varied, and few studies have focused on the difference between VK2 supplementation alone and in combination with calcium and vitamin D3. The aim of this study was to explore a low and effective dose of VK2 for improving BMD, and to examine whether the co-supplementation of VK2, calcium and vitamin D3 would bring greater effects. In this trial, a total of 311 community-dwelling men and postmenopausal women aged 50 and 75 years were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving placebo, 50 µg/day, 90 µg/day or co-supplementation with calcium (500 mg/day) and vitamin D3 (10 µg/day) for 1 year. At the endpoint, the bone loss of femoral neck was significantly lower in postmenopausal women in the two 90 µg groups (treatment × time, p = 0.006) compared with placebo, but no effects in men. Serum biomarkers cOC/ucOC ratio increased in the intervention groups (treatment × time, p < 0.001). VK2 supplementation in dose of 90 µg/day performed a significant effect on reducing bone loss in postmenopausal women, but in combination with calcium and vitamin D3 brought no additional effects.Trial registration This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as chiCTR1800019240.

LncRNA Gm12664-001 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver through modulating miR-295-5p and CAV1 expression.

BACKGROUND: Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms of lncRNA Gm12664-001 improved hepatic lipid accumulation-initiated NAFLD via regulating miR-295-5p and CAV1 in AML12 cells. METHODS: The animals were divided into normal control (NC) group and high fat diet (HFD) group (20 mice per group) for 8w. The steatotic liver was measured by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and kits. We performed systematical analyses on hepatic expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced steatotic animal model. The expression profile of targets was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay, RT-PCR and western blot in AML12 cells. RESULTS: HFD treatment markedly observed hepatic fatty degeneration with primarily fat vacuoles, and increased TG level compared with control. According to microarray data, we found that transfection of Gm12664-001 siRNA (siRNA-118,306) obviously enhanced TG accumulation and repressed CAV1 in AML12 cells. Furthermore, the TG accumulation markedly increased by siRNA-mediated knockdown of CAV1 in AML12 cells. By bioinformatics prediction, AML12 cells were transfected of siRNA-118,306 obviously upregulated miR-295-5p. Transfection of miR-295-5p mimics significantly increased TG accumulation and obviously suppressed the target CAV1. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that lncRNA Gm12664-001 attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation through negatively regulating miR-295-5p and enhancing CAV1 expression in AML12 cells.

Prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood across consecutive generations.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to explore the relation of prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood in consecutive generations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 960 families, including 1920 parents (F1) who were born near the time of the Great Chinese famine and 1145 of their offspring (F2), were selected from the Suihua rural area. Parental participants were defined as nonexposed (born between 1 October 1956 and 30 September 1958 or between 1 October 1962 and 30 September 1964) and famine exposed (born between 1 October 1959 and 30 September 1961). In F2, participants were divided into having no parents exposed to famine, only a mother exposed to famine, only a father exposed to famine or both parents exposed to famine. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS: Exposure to famine during gestation was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 2.79, 95% confidence interval: 2.16, 3.60) in F1 adults. However, similar association was not observed (maternal: odds ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 2.52; paternal: odds ratio: 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.87, 3.21; parental: odds ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 2.31) in F2 adults. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to the Chinese famine during foetal life was associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in F1 participants. In F2 adults, there might be an important relationship between exposure to famine and the risk of metabolic syndrome with increasing age.

Identification and compensation of quadratic terms of a space electrostatic accelerometer.

The ultra-sensitive space electrostatic accelerometers have been successfully employed in the Earth's gravity field recovery missions and the space gravitational experiments. Since the accelerometer output in the measurement bandwidth can be influenced by the orbital high-frequency disturbances due to the second-order nonlinearity effects, the relevant quadratic term must be accurately compensated to guarantee the accuracy of the electrostatic accelerometer. In this paper, three sources of the quadratic term are studied and formulated. They are the offset of the test mass in the housing due to the bias of the capacitive position transducer, the asymmetry of the electrode area, and the asymmetry of the actuation electronics. Two feasible compensation methods and an identification means are proposed. Compensation is achieved by adjusting the test mass actual working position or the asymmetry factor of the feedback actuation voltage. Identification is conducted by applying a periodic high frequency signal on the electrodes. Finally, the proposed methods are demonstrated, in view of future space applications, by suspending the accelerometer test mass on a torsion pendulum.

Laboratory and Field Investigation of the Feasibility of Crumb Rubber Waste Application to Improve the Flexibility of Anti-Rutting Performance of Asphalt Pavement.

Resistance of asphalt mix to low-temperature cracking and rutting at high temperature is very important to ensure the service performance of asphalt pavement under seasonal changes in temperature and loading. However, it is challenging to balance the improvement of such resistance by using additives, e.g., anti-rutting agent (ARA). This study focuses on improving the flexibility of anti-rutting asphalt mix by incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and ARA. The properties of the prepared modified asphalt mix were evaluated in the laboratory by performing wheel tracking, three-point bending, indirect tensile, and uniaxial compression tests. The experimental results showed that the dynamic stability of modified asphalt mix was significantly increased due to the addition of ARA and further improved by incorporating CR. The maximum bending strain at -10 °C was increased due to the contribution of CR. The results of indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus further indicated that the CR-modified anti-rutting mixture was more flexible. Moreover, the field observation and evaluation indicated that the CR-modified anti-rutting asphalt pavement met the standard requirements, better than normal asphalt mixture in many parameters. A conclusion can be made that incorporating CR in asphalt mixture prepared with ARA can improve pavement performance at both high and low in-service temperatures.

Modified Peritoneal Dialysis for Treatment of Acute Renal Failure after Complex Congenital Heart Surgery in Infants.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the common complications in infants and children after complex congenital heart surgery. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is usually applied for renal replacement therapy (RRT), especially in infants. We investigated the efficacy and safety of modified PD for the treatment of acute renal failure and congestive heart failure after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in infants. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed five consecutive patients from October 2015 to February 2017. The patients were aged from four days to five years old, and all had acute renal failure and congestive heart failure after cardiac surgery. In the five patients treated with modified PD (five males; average weight: 11.2 ± 5.5 kg), we used the Seldinger technique percutaneous abdominal puncture 16 G single lumen central venous catheter instead of the Tenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheter as a PD catheter. Modified PD was intermittent. We recorded and monitored circulation and metabolism index. RESULTS: Five cases (100%) with modified PD were restored to normal renal function. Congestive heart failure was gradually alleviated, and pulmonary and cardiovascular function were improved. Urine volume increased. Neither peritonitis nor catheter leakage occured in any of our cases. Urine volume increased due to PD, from 0.16 + 0.18 mL/kg*h before PD to 2.63 + 1.05 ml/kg*h at the end of PD (P < .05). Serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, and serum K+ changed from 85.0 ± 36.5 µmol/L, 17.1 ± 7.5 mmol/L, and 4.57 ± 0.30 mmol/L before PD, to 76.0 ± 36.7 µmol/L, 20.1 ± 11.0 mmol/L, and 4.42 ± 0.42 mmol/L at the end of PD, respectively (P > .05). Acidosis, hyperkalemia, hypoxemia and low cardiac output syndrome were improved. All patients were cured and discharged with normal renal function. CONCLUSION: We conclude that modified single lumen central venous catheter for PD is a safe, feasible, and less invasive therapeutic strategy for AKI in infants undergoing cardiac surgery, and is worthy of being widely applied in clinical practice.

Surgical resection of giant left ventricular fibromas in children.

Primary cardiac tumors in infancy and childhood are rare and usually benign. We report two children with giant left ventricular fibromas and discuss their surgical management.

Research and Development of Electrostatic Accelerometers for Space Science Missions at HUST.

High-precision electrostatic accelerometers have achieved remarkable success in satellite Earth gravity field recovery missions. Ultralow-noise inertial sensors play important roles in space gravitational wave detection missions such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission, and key technologies have been verified in the LISA Pathfinder mission. Meanwhile, at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST, China), a space accelerometer and inertial sensor based on capacitive sensors and the electrostatic control technique have also been studied and developed independently for more than 16 years. In this paper, we review the operational principle, application, and requirements of the electrostatic accelerometer and inertial sensor in different space missions. The development and progress of a space electrostatic accelerometer at HUST, including ground investigation and space verification are presented.

Surgical Treatment of Double Outlet Right Ventricle Complicated by Pulmonary Hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a group of complex congenital heart abnormalities. Preoperative pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered an important risk factor for early death during the surgical treatment of DORV. The aim of this study was to report our experience on surgical treatment of DORV complicated by PH. METHODS: From June 2004 to November 2016, 61 patients (36 males and 25 females) aged 2 weeks to 26 years (median: 0.67 years and interquartile range: 0.42-1.67 years) with DORV (two great arteries overriding at least 50%) complicated by PH underwent surgical treatment in our center. All patients were categorized according to surgical age and lesion type, respectively. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were measured directly before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established and after CPB was removed. An intracardiac channel procedure was performed in 37 patients, arterial switch procedure in 19 patients, Rastelli procedure in three patient, Senning procedure in one patients, and Mustard procedure in one patient. The Student's t-test and Chi-squared test were performed to evaluate clinical outcomes of the surgical timing and operation choice. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients had uneventful recovery. PASP fell from 55.3 ± 11.2 mmHg to 34.7 ± 11.6 mmHg (t = 14.05, P < 0.001), PADP fell from 29.7 ± 12.5 mmHg to 18.6 ± 7.9 mmHg (t = 7.39, P < 0.001), and mPAP fell from 40.3 ± 10.6 mmHg to 25.7 ± 8.3 mmHg (t = 11.85, P < 0.001). Six (9.8%) patients died owing to complications including low cardiac output syndrome in two patients, respiratory failure in two, pulmonary hemorrhage in one, and sudden death in one patient. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) dropped significantly in infant and child patients. Mortality of both infants (13.9%) and adults (33.3%) was high. CONCLUSIONS: PAP of patients with DORV complicated by PH can be expected to fall significantly after surgery. An arterial switch procedure can achieve excellent results in patients with transposition of the great arteries type. Higher incidence of complications may occur in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) type before 1 year of age. For those with remote VSD type, VSD enlargement and right ventricle outflow tract reconstruction are usually required with acceptable results. The degree of aortic overriding does not influence surgical outcome.