Enhancing maritime transportation security: A data-driven Bayesian network analysis of terrorist attack risks.

Maritime terrorist accidents have a significant low-frequency-high-consequence feature and, thus, require new research to address the associated inherent uncertainty and the scarce literature in the field. This article aims to develop a novel method for maritime security risk analysis. It employs real accident data from maritime terrorist attacks over the past two decades to train a data-driven Bayesian network (DDBN) model. The findings help pinpoint key contributing factors, scrutinize their interdependencies, ascertain the probability of different terrorist scenarios, and describe their impact on different manifestations of maritime terrorism. The established DDBN model undergoes a thorough verification and validation process employing various techniques, such as sensitivity, metrics, and comparative analyses. Additionally, it is tested against recent real-world cases to demonstrate its effectiveness in both retrospective and prospective risk propagation, encompassing both diagnostic and predictive capabilities. These findings provide valuable insights for the various stakeholders, including companies and government bodies, fostering comprehension of maritime terrorism and potentially fortifying preventive measures and emergency management.

Effects of high-normal fasting blood glucose on ART outcomes of frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer in women with normal BMI.

PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate whether high-normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) affects assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes undergoing single blastocyst frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles in women with normal body mass index (BMI). METHODS: 944 women with normal BMI and FBG levels undergoing single blastocyst FET cycles were enrolled. Based on the median of FBG (4.97 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL), the subjects were categorized into the low-normal group (3.90 ≤ FBG ≤ 4.97 mmol/L, n = 472) and the high-normal group (4.97 < FBG < 6.10 mmol/L, n = 472). Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze the relationship between high-normal FBG and ART outcomes. PRIMARY OUTCOME: live birth rate (LBR). RESULTS: LBR was significantly lower in the high-normal group than in the low-normal group (36.8% vs. 45.1%, p = 0.010), and the miscarriage rate was considerably higher than that in the low-normal group (23.9% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.041). High-normal FBG of female was an independent predictor of live birth (adjusted OR:0.747, 95% CI: 0.541-0.963, p = 0.027) and miscarriage (adjusted OR:1.610, 95% CI: 1.018-2.547, p = 0.042). ROC analyses showed that the cut-off values of FBG (endpoints: live birth and miscarriage) were 5.07 mmol/L, and 5.01 mmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In women with normal BMI, high-normal FBG is an independent risk factor for lower LBR and higher miscarriage rate in single blastocyst FET cycles. Attention to preconception FBG monitoring in this particular population may allow early intervention to improve ART outcomes.

Study on the Shear Strength of Loess Solidified by Guar Gum and Basalt Fiber.

Loess is widely distributed in the northwest and other regions, and its unique structural forms such as large pores and strong water sensitivity lead to its collapsibility and collapse, which can easily induce slope instability. Guar gum and basalt fiber are natural green materials. For these reasons, this study investigated the solidification of loess by combining guar gum and basalt fiber and analyzed the impact of the guar gum content, fiber length, and fiber content on the soil shearing strength. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the microstructure of loess was examined, revealing the synergistic solidification mechanism of guar gum and basalt fibers. On this basis, a shear strength model was established through regression analysis with fiber length, guar gum content, and fiber content. The results indicate that adding guar gum and basalt fiber increases soil cohesion, as do fiber length, guar gum content, and fiber content. When the fiber length was 12 mm, the fiber content was 1.00%, and the guar gum content was equal to 0.50%, 0.75%, or 1.00%, the peak strength of the solidified loess increased by 82.80%, 85.90%, and 90.40%, respectively. According to the shear strength model, the predicted and test data of the shear strength of solidified loess are evenly distributed on both sides of parallel lines, indicating a good fit. These findings are theoretically significant and provide practical guidance for loess solidification engineering.

Permeability and Disintegration Characteristics of Loess Solidified by Guar Gum and Basalt Fiber.

Loess has the characteristics of loose, large pore ratio, and strong water sensitivity. Once it encounters water, its structure is damaged easily and its strength is degraded, causing a degree of subgrade settlement. The water sensitivity of loess can be evaluated by permeability and disintegration tests. This study analyzes the effects of guar gum content, basalt fiber content, and basalt fiber length on the permeability and disintegration characteristics of solidified loess. The microstructure of loess was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) testing, revealing the synergistic solidification mechanism of guar gum and basalt fibers. A permeability model was established through regression analysis with guar gum content, confining pressure, basalt fiber content, and length. The research results indicate that the addition of guar gum reduces the permeability of solidified loess, the addition of fiber improves the overall strength, and the addition of guar gum and basalt fiber improves the disintegration resistance. When the guar gum content is 1.00%, the permeability coefficient and disintegration rate of solidified soil are reduced by 50.50% and 94.10%, respectively. When the guar gum content is 1.00%, the basalt fiber length is 12 mm, and the fiber content is 1.00%, the permeability of the solidified soil decreases by 31.9%, and the disintegration rate is 4.80%. The permeability model has a good fitting effect and is suitable for predicting the permeability of loess reinforced with guar gum and basalt fiber composite. This research is of vital theoretical worth and great scientific significance for guidelines on practicing loess solidification engineering.

Resonance-Induced Dynamic Triplet Exciton Population for Photoactivated Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence.

Dynamically populating triplet excitons under external stimuli is desired to develop smart optoelectronic materials, but it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a resonance-induced excited state regulation strategy to dynamically modulate the triplet exciton population by introducing a self-adaptive N-C═O structure to phosphors. The developed phosphors activated under high-power ultraviolet irradiation exhibited enhanced photoactivated organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (PA-OURTP) with lifetimes of up to ∼500 ms. The enhanced PA-OURTP was ascribed to activated N-C═O resonance variation-induced intersystem crossing to generate excess triplet excitons. The excellent PA-OURTP performance and ultralong deactivation time under ambient conditions of the developed materials could function as a reusable recorded medium for time-sensitive information encryption through optical printing. This study provides an effective approach to dynamically regulating triplet excitons and offers valuable guidance to develop high-performance PA-OURTP materials for security printing applications.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatric Nursing: A Scope Review.

Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have reshaped healthcare, including psychiatric nursing, to address the limitations of traditional approaches and meet escalating mental health challenges. A scoping review analyzed 48 articles examining the application of AI in psychiatric nursing across different technologies and topics, noting trends in publications and countries involved. The articles covered different aspects of mental health using AI technologies such as machine learning and robotics, and primarily explored AI applications in mental health, specifically dementia, autism and schizophrenia. These studies highlighted the role of AI in personalized care plans, symptom monitoring and risk assessment. AI is promising, but faces challenges such as data bias and ethical concerns. Future research needs to focus on long-term studies, diverse populations, patient interaction and personalized treatments for practical integration into psychiatric nursing.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of histone deacetylase and histone acetyltransferase genes in response to drought in poplars.

BACKGROUND: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are involved in plant growth and development as well as in response to environmental changes, by dynamically regulating gene acetylation levels. Although there have been numerous reports on the identification and function of HDAC and HAT in herbaceous plants, there are fewer report related genes in woody plants under drought stress. RESULTS: In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the HDAC and HAT families in Populus trichocarpa, including phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, conserved domains, and expression analysis. A total of 16 PtrHDACs and 12 PtrHATs were identified in P. trichocarpa genome. Analysis of cis-elements in the promoters of PtrHDACs and PtrHATs revealed that both gene families could respond to a variety of environmental signals, including hormones and drought. Furthermore, real time quantitative PCR indicated that PtrHDA906 and PtrHAG3 were significantly responsive to drought. PtrHDA906, PtrHAC1, PtrHAC3, PtrHAG2, PtrHAG6 and PtrHAF1 consistently responded to abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid under drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that PtrHDACs and PtrHATs may respond to drought through hormone signaling pathways, which helps to reveal the hub of acetylation modification in hormone regulation of abiotic stress.

Inhibition of HDAC activity directly reprograms murine embryonic stem cells to trophoblast stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into all cell types of the embryonic germ layers. ESCs can also generate totipotent 2C-like cells and trophectodermal cells. However, these latter transitions occur at low frequency due to epigenetic barriers, the nature of which is not fully understood. Here, we show that treating mouse ESCs with sodium butyrate (NaB) increases the population of 2C-like cells and enables direct reprogramming of ESCs into trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) without a transition through a 2C-like state. Mechanistically, NaB inhibits histone deacetylase activities in the LSD1-HDAC1/2 corepressor complex. This increases acetylation levels in the regulatory regions of both 2C- and TSC-specific genes, promoting their expression. In addition, NaB-treated cells acquire the capacity to generate blastocyst-like structures that can develop beyond the implantation stage in vitro and form deciduae in vivo. These results identify how epigenetics restrict the totipotent and trophectoderm fate in mouse ESCs.

Sexually dimorphic acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in response to drought and exogenous acetic acid.

Female willows exhibit greater drought tolerance and benefit more from exogenous acetic acid (AA)-improved drought tolerance than males. However, the potential mechanisms driving these sex-specific responses remain unclear. To comprehensively investigate the sexually dimorphic responsive mechanisms of willows to drought and exogenous AA, here, we performed physiological, proteomic, Lys-acetylproteomic, and transgenic analyses in female and male Salix myrtillacea exposed to drought and AA-applicated drought treatments, focusing on protein abundance and lysine acetylation (LysAc) changes. Drought-tolerant females suffered less drought-induced photosynthetic and oxidative damage, did not activate AA and acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and jasmonic acid signaling as strongly as drought-sensitive males. Exogenous AA caused overaccumulation of endogenous AA and inhibition of acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in males. However, exogenous AA greatly enhanced acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization and further enhanced drought performance of females, possibly determining that AA improved drought tolerance more in females than in males. Interestingly, overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) could reprogram fatty acids, increase LysAc levels, and improve drought tolerance, highlighting the involvement of ACS-derived acetyl-CoA in drought responses. In addition, drought and exogenous AA induced sexually dimorphic LysAc associated with histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes in willows. Especially, exogenous AA may greatly improve the photosynthetic capacity of S. myrtillacea males by decreasing LysAc levels and increasing the abundances of photosynthetic proteins. While hyperacetylation in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and fatty acid biosynthesis potentially possibly serve as negative feedback to acclimate acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in drought-stressed males and AA-applicated females. Thus, acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization determine the sexually dimorphic responses of S. myrtillacea to drought and exogenous AA.

Quantification of antibiotics in food by octahedral gold-silver nanocages-based SERS sensor coupling multivariate calibration.

The abuse of antibiotics has caused gradually increases drug-resistant bacterial strains that pose health risks. Herein, a sensitive SERS sensor coupled multivariate calibration was proposed for quantification of antibiotics in milk. Initially, octahedral gold-silver nanocages (Au@Ag MCs) were synthesized by Cu2O template etching method as SERS substrates, which enhanced the plasmonic effect through sharp edges and hollow nanostructures. Afterwards, five chemometric algorithms, like partial least square (PLS), uninformative variable elimination-PLS (UVE-PLS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-PLS (CARS-PLS), random frog-PLS (RF-PLS), and convolutional neural network (CNN) were applied for TTC and CAP. RF-PLS performed optimally for TTC and CAP (Rc = 0.9686, Rp = 0.9648, RPD = 3.79 for TTC and Rc = 0.9893, Rp = 0.9878, RPD = 5.88 for CAP). Furthermore, the detection limit of 0.0001 µg/mL for both TTC and CAP was obtained. Finally, satisfactory (p > 0.05) results were obtained with the standard HPLC method. Therefore, SERS combined RF-PLS could be applied for fast, nondestructive sensing of TTC and CAP in milk.

A Gas Sensors Detection System for Real-Time Monitoring of Changes in Volatile Organic Compounds during Oolong Tea Processing.

The oxidation step in Oolong tea processing significantly influences its final flavor and aroma. In this study, a gas sensors detection system based on 13 metal oxide semiconductors with strong stability and sensitivity to the aroma during the Oolong tea oxidation production is proposed. The gas sensors detection system consists of a gas path, a signal acquisition module, and a signal processing module. The characteristic response signals of the sensor exhibit rapid release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as aldehydes, alcohols, and olefins during oxidative production. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract the features of the collected signals. Then, three classical recognition models and two convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning models were established, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), back-propagation neural network (BP-ANN), LeNet5, and AlexNet. The results indicate that the BP-ANN model achieved optimal recognition performance with a 3-4-1 topology at pc = 3 with accuracy rates for the calibration and prediction of 94.16% and 94.11%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed gas sensors detection system can effectively differentiate between the distinct stages of the Oolong tea oxidation process. This work can improve the stability of Oolong tea products and facilitate the automation of the oxidation process. The detection system is capable of long-term online real-time monitoring of the processing process.

Modification of Yarrowia lipolytica via metabolic engineering for effective remediation of heavy metals from wastewater.

With the increasing demand for heavy metals due to the advancement of industrial activities, large proportions of heavy metals have been discharged into aquatic ecosystems, causing serious harm to human health and the environment. Existing physical and chemical methods for recovering heavy metals from wastewater encounter challenges, such as low efficiency, high processing costs, and potential secondary pollution. In this study, we developed a novel approach by engineering the endogenous sulphur metabolic pathway of Yarrowia lipolytica, providing it with the ability to produce approximately 550 ppm of sulphide. Subsequently, sulphide-producing Y. lipolytica was used for the first time in heavy metal remediation. The engineered strain exhibited a high capacity to remove various heavy metals, especially achieving over 90 % for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). This capacity was consistent when applied to both synthetic and actual wastewater samples. Microscopic analyses revealed that sulphide-mediated biological precipitation of metal sulphides on the cell surface is responsible for their removal. Our findings demonstrate that sulphide-producing yeasts are a robust and effective bioremediation strategy for heavy metals, showing great potential for future heavy metal pollution remediation practices.

Dissociation of transcription factor MYB94 and histone deacetylases HDA907/908 alleviates oxidative damage in poplar.

Drought is one of the major threats to forest productivity. Oxidation stress is common in drought-stressed plants, and plants need to maintain normal life activities through complex reactive oxygen scavenging mechanisms. However, the molecular links between epigenetics, oxidation stress, and drought in poplar (Populus) remain poorly understood. Here, we found that Populus plants overexpressing PtrMYB94, which encodes a R2R3 MYB transcription factor that regulates the ABA signaling pathway, displayed increased tolerance to extreme drought stress via up-regulation of embryogenic cell phosphoprotein 44 (PtrECPP44) expression. Further investigation revealed that PtrMYB94 could recruit the histone deacetylases PtrHDA907/908 to the promoter of PtrECPP44 and decrease acetylation at lysine residues 9, 14 and 27 of histone H3, leading to relatively low transcriptional expression levels under normal conditions. Drought induced the expression of PtrMYB94 while preventing interaction of PtrMYB94 with PtrHDA907/908, which relaxed the chromatin structure and facilitated the binding of RNA polymerase II to the PtrECPP44 promoter. The upregulation of PtrECPP44 helped poplar alleviate oxidative damage and maintain normal cell activities. This study establishes a PtrMYB94-PtrECPP44 transcriptional regulatory module modified by PtrHDA907/908 in modulating drought-induced oxidative stress recovery. Therefore, our study reveals a oxidative regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress and provides insights into molecular breeding for stress resistance in poplar.

Pm57 from Aegilops searsii encodes a tandem kinase protein and confers wheat powdery mildew resistance.

Powdery mildew is a devastating disease that affects wheat yield and quality. Wheat wild relatives represent valuable sources of disease resistance genes. Cloning and characterization of these genes will facilitate their incorporation into wheat breeding programs. Here, we report the cloning of Pm57, a wheat powdery mildew resistance gene from Aegilops searsii. It encodes a tandem kinase protein with putative kinase-pseudokinase domains followed by a von Willebrand factor A domain (WTK-vWA), being ortholog of Lr9 that mediates wheat leaf rust resistance. The resistance function of Pm57 is validated via independent mutants, gene silencing, and transgenic assays. Stable Pm57 transgenic wheat lines and introgression lines exhibit high levels of all-stage resistance to diverse isolates of the Bgt fungus, and no negative impacts on agronomic parameters are observed in our experimental set-up. Our findings highlight the emerging role of kinase fusion proteins in plant disease resistance and provide a valuable gene for wheat breeding.

Development and preliminary application of a quadruplex real-time PCR assay for differential detection of porcine circovirus 1-4 in Chengdu, China.

Porcine circovirus (PCV) typically causes severe immune suppression in pigs, leading to mixed clinical infections with various pathogens that can cause significant harm to the pig industry. PCV has four subgenotypes, with PCV4 being an emerging virus that requires investigation due to its potential for epidemic outbreaks. Therefore, there is a need to develop a method that can detect all four PCV strains simultaneously. In this study, four pairs of specific primers and TaqMan probes were designed based on the conserved sequence of the PCV1-4 ORF2 gene to establish a PCV1-4 TaqMan multiplex real-time quantitative PCR method. The novel method was compared to six commercial testing kits for its efficacy. Then, a total of 595 mixed samples of spleen and lymph node collected from 12 districts in Chengdu from July to December 2021 were tested using the novel method. The results showed that the novel PCV1-4 TaqMan multiplex real-time quantitative PCR detection method has satisfied specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. The positive rates of PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3 in Chengdu were 2.18%, 31.60%, and 15.29%, respectively, while no positive PCV4 was detected. The mixed infection rate of PCV2 and PCV3 was 5.21%. Our novel method may be as a potential method for PCV1-4 detection. Currently, PCV2 is the main epidemic PCV subtype in Chengdu, while the potential threat of PCV4 should also be considered.

Generalized ratiometric surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor for okadaic acid in food based on Au-triggered signal amplification.

BACKGROUND: Reliability and robustness have been recognized as key challenges for Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analytical techniques. Quantifying the concentration of an analyte using a single characteristic peak from SERS has been a controversial topic because the Raman signal is susceptible to highly concentrated electromagnetic hotspots, inhomogeneity of SERS substrate, or non-standardization of measurement conditions. Ratiometric SERS strategies have been demonstrated as a promising solution to effectively balance and compensate for signal fluctuations caused by matrix heterogeneity. However, it is not easy to construct ratiometric SERS sensors with monitoring the ratio of two different signal intensities for target analysis. RESULTS: An attempt has been made to develop a novel ratiometric biosensor that can be applied to detect okadaic acid (OA). Aptamer-anchored magnetic particles were first combined with gold-tagged short complementary DNA (Au-cDNA) to create heterogeneous nanostructures. When the target was present, the Au-cDNA was dissociated from nanostructures, and 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) was initiated to reduce to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) in the presence of hydrogen sources. The SERS ratio change of 4-NTP and 4-ATP was finally detected by AuNPs-coated film. OA was successfully quantified, and the detection limit was as low as 2.4524 ng/mL. The constructed biosensor had good stability and reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of less than 4.47%. The proposed method used gold nanoparticles as an intermediate to achieve catalytic signal amplification and subsequently increased the sensitivity of the biosensor. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: Catalytic reaction-based ratiometric SERS biosensors combine the multiple advantages of catalytic signal amplification and signal self-calibration and provide new insights into the development of stable, reproducible, and reliable SERS detection techniques. This ratiometric SERS technique offered a universal method that is anticipated to be applicable for the detection of other targets by substituting the aptamer.

Inhibiting DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B confers protection against ferroptosis in nucleus pulposus and ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration via upregulating SLC40A1.

Epigenetic changes are important considerations for degenerative diseases. DNA methylation regulates crucial genes by epigenetic mechanism, impacting cell function and fate. DNA presents hypermethylation in degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, but its role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) remains elusive. This study aimed to demonstrate that methyltransferase mediated hypermethylation was responsible for IVDD by integrative bioinformatics and experimental verification. Methyltransferase DNMT3B was highly expressed in severely degenerated NP tissue (involving human and rats) and in-vitro degenerated human NP cells (NPCs). Bioinformatics elucidated that hypermethylated genes were enriched in oxidative stress and ferroptosis, and the ferroptosis suppressor gene SLC40A1 was identified with lower expression and higher methylation in severely degenerated human NP tissue. Cell culture using human NPCs showed that DNMT3B induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress in NPCs by downregulating SLC40A1, promoting a degenerative cell phenotype. An in-vivo rat IVDD model showed that DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-AZA alleviated puncture-induced IVDD. Taken together, DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B aggravates ferroptosis and oxidative stress in NPCs via regulating SLC40A1. Epigenetic mechanism within DNA methylation is a promising therapeutic biomarker for IVDD.

Bacterial lipase-responsive polydopamine nanoparticles for detection and synergistic therapy of wound biofilms infection.

Wound biofilms represent an elusive conundrum in contemporary treatment and diagnostic options, accredited to their escalating antibiotic resistance and interference in chronic wound healing processes. Here, we developed mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) nanoparticles, and grafted with rhodamine B (Rb) as biofilm lipase responsive detection probe, followed by π - π stacking mediated ciprofloxacin (CIP) loading to create mP-Rb@CIP nanoparticles. mPDA NPs with a melanin structure could quench fluorescence emissions of Rb. Once encountering biofilm in vivo, the ester bond in Rb and mPDA is hydrolyzed by elevated lipase concentrations, triggering the liberation of Rb and restore fluorescence emissions to achieve real-time imaging of biofilm-infected wounds. Afterwards, the 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) illumination initiates a spatiotemporal controlled antibacterial photothermal therapy (PTT), boosting its effectiveness through photothermal-triggered CIP release for synergistic biofilm eradication. The mP-Rb@CIP platform exhibits dual diagnostic and therapeutic functions, efficaciously treating biofilm-infected wounds in vivo and in vitro. Particularly, the mP-Rb@CIP/NIR procedure expedites wound-healing by alleviating oxidative stress, modulating inflammatory mediators, boosting collagen synthesis, and promoting angiogenesis. Taken together, the theranostic nanosystem strategy holds significant potential for addressing wound biofilm-associated infections.

Tetrahydrofolate Attenuates Cognitive Impairment after Hemorrhagic Stroke by Promoting Hippocampal Neurogenesis via PTEN Signaling.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the most common subtype of hemorrhagic stroke, leads to cognitive impairment and imposes significant psychological burdens on patients. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been shown to play an essential role in cognitive function. Our previous study has shown that tetrahydrofolate (THF) promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the effect of THF on cognition after ICH and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that administration of THF could restore cognition after ICH. Using Nestin-GFP mice, we further revealed that THF enhanced the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs and neurogenesis after ICH. Mechanistically, we found that THF could prevent ICH-induced elevated level of PTEN and decreased expressions of phosphorylated AKT and mTOR. Furthermore, conditional deletion of PTEN in NSCs of the hippocampus attenuated the inhibitory effect of ICH on the proliferation of NSCs and abnormal neurogenesis. Taken together, these results provide molecular insights into ICH-induced cognitive impairment and suggest translational clinical therapeutic strategy for hemorrhagic stroke.

Engineering Oxygen Vacancies in In2O3 with Enhanced Polysulfides Immobilization and Selective Catalytic Capability.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is identified as an ideal candidate for next-generation energy storage systems in consideration of its high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur resources. However, the shuttling behavior of soluble polysulfides (LiPSs) and their sluggish reaction kinetics severely limit the practical application of the current Li-S battery. In this work, a series of In2O3 nanocubes with different oxygen vacancy concentrations are designed and prepared via a facile self-template method. The introduced oxygen vacancy on In2O3 can effectively rearrange the charge distribution and enhance sulfiphilic property. Moreover, the In2O3 with high oxygen vacancy concentration (H-In2O3) can slightly slow down the solid-liquid conversion process and significantly accelerate the liquid-solid conversion process, thus reducing the accumulation of LiPSs in electrolyte and inhibiting the shuttle effect. Contributed by the unique selective catalytic capability, the prepared H-In2O3 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance when used as sulfur host. For instance, a high reversible capacity of 609 mAh g-1 is obtained with only 0.044% capacity decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1.0 C. This work presents a typical example for designing advanced sulfur hosts, which is crucial for the commercialization of Li-S battery.