c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/P53 signaling mediates intrinsic apoptosis of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) hepatocytes under heat stress.

The increasing frequency of high-temperature extremes threatens largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, a significant fish for freshwater ecosystems and aquaculture. Our previous studies at the transcript level suggested that heat stress induces hepatic apoptosis in largemouth bass. In the current study, we sought to validate these findings and further investigate the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P53 signaling in hepatic apoptosis under heat stress. First, heat treatments were conducted in vivo and in vitro under different temperatures: 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C. In primary hepatocytes subjected to heat treatment, cell viability was evaluated via the Cell Counting Kit-8, while mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology were assessed through JC-1 and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. We observed reductions in both cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), along with alterations in nuclear morphology, in primary hepatocytes exposed to heat stress at temperatures of 32 °C and 37 °C. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significant alterations in the expression profiles of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes within liver tissues under heat stress. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that JNK1 signaling increased as the temperature increased, JNK2 expression increased only at 37 °C, and JNK3 expression did not change with temperature. We speculate that JNK1 and JNK2 have pro- and anti-apoptotic effects, respectively. Western blot analysis conducted on cultured hepatocytes further validated these findings. JNK inhibition reduced hepatocyte apoptosis, improved nuclear morphology, and maintained ΔΨm even after 37 °C treatment. These results not only confirm that heat stress led to intrinsic apoptosis of hepatocytes but also indicated that JNK1 could mediate P53 expression and activate caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis in largemouth bass hepatocytes under such conditions. This study illuminates the physiological responses of largemouth bass to acute heat stress, offering valuable insights into the potential impacts of climate change on freshwater fishes and the sustainability of aquaculture.

The relationship between NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, NHR and coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: Chronic inflammation and dyslipidemia are key risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We retrospectively explored the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the neutrophil to HDL-C ratio (NHR), and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHOD: In June 2023, we selected 1210 patients who were diagnosed with ACS based on chest pain from January 2017 to December 2022. Of these, 1100 patients with abnormal coronary angiography were categorized into the experimental group, and 110 patients with normal coronary angiography were classified as the control group. We collected routine blood tests, lipid profiles, and coronary angiography results at admission (before coronary angiography). Patients were then stratified into a control group (Gensini score = 0) and an experimental group (Gensini score = 0) based on the Gensini score. The experimental group was further divided into a low score group (Gensini score < 69) and a high score group (Gensini score ≥ 69). RESULT: 1. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups in terms of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, and counts of neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MON), eosinophils (EOS), red cell distribution width (RDW), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR (P<0.05). Furthermore, differences in BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking history, NEU, LYM, MON, TC, triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR were significant between the low and high score groups (P<0.05). 2. NEU, LYM, MON, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR showed significant correlations with the Gensini score (r>0.2, P<0.05), with NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C showing the strongest correlations (r = 0.822, P = 0.000). 3. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the combination of NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C had superior sensitivity and specificity in predicting the severity of coronary lesions, with a significant difference (P<0.05). The sensitivity was 87.1%, the specificity was 90.9%, and the cut-off point was 2.04. 4. A predictive model was developed based on the ratio of NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C to the Gensini score. The final model score was calculated as 6.803 + 7.029NLR + 13.079LDL-C/HDL-C (R2 = 0.708). CONCLUSION: Compared to NLR, LDL-C/HDL-C, and NHR, the combined NLR and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more accurate marker for assessing the severity of coronary artery disease in ACS patients. Its convenience and effectiveness make it a promising tool for early assessment, timely risk stratification, and appropriate clinical intervention, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for ACS patients.

Gonadal hormones and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly males: results from a prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Research has shown that gonadal hormones are involved in metabolic pathways relevant to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nevertheless, no longitudinal study has been conducted on the association between SHBG and MetS in Chinese. The objective of our study was to determine whether there is any association between middle-aged and elderly males in China. Methods: A total of 531 eligible male subjects, aged above 40 years or older, without MetS at baseline, were recruited. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (TT), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured. A harmonized definition and recommended thresholds for the Chinese population were used to determine metabolic syndrome. Results: During 3.2 years of follow-up, 20.7% of subjects had developed MetS. Compared with the non-MetS group, subjects in the new-onset MetS group had significantly lower SHBG (43.5 nmol/L [28.8, 74.9] vs 53.7nmol/L [33.8, 115.0], P=0.0018), TT (18.1nmol/L [13.6-21.7] vs 19.5nmol/L[15.0-23.6], P=0.0204), and LH (5.13mIU/L [3.63-7.29] vs 5.87mIU/L [4.05-8.36]) at baseline. The incidence of MetS was decreased according to elevated SHBG quartiles (Q1:26.9%, Q2:22.7%, Q3:21.1%, Q4:12.1%, P for trend =0.0035), TT (Q1: 25.2%, Q2:23.7%, Q3: 17.3%, Q4: 16.7%, P for trend=0.0425), and LH (Q1:25.0%, Q2:21.8%, Q3: 21.8%, Q4: 14.3%, P for trend=0.0411). Compared with those in quartile 4, the OR[CI] of incident MetS for participants in Quartile 1 was 2.33[1.13-4.79] after multiple adjustments. But associations between incident MetS and different quartiles of LH, TT, and FSH were not observed after multiple adjustments. In the subgroup analyses, the significant association between SHBG level and Mets was detected in subjects over 60 years or older, with normal BMI, without insulin resistance, and with eGFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73m2. Conclusion: Compared with TT, LH, and FSH, a lower level of SHBG is significantly related to the incidence of MetS among middle-aged and elderly males in China.

A Spatial-Spectral Relation-Guided Fusion Network for Multisource Optical RS Image Classification.

Multisource optical remote sensing (RS) image classification has obtained extensive research interest with demonstrated superiority. Existing approaches mainly improve classification performance by exploiting complementary information from multisource data. However, these approaches are insufficient in effectively extracting data features and utilizing correlations of multisource optical RS images. For this purpose, this article proposes a generalized spatial-spectral relation-guided fusion network ( S2 RGF-Net) for multisource optical RS image classification. First, we elaborate on spatial-and spectral-domain-specific feature encoders based on data characteristics to explore the rich feature information of optical RS data deeply. Subsequently, two relation-guided fusion strategies are proposed at the dual-level (intradomain and interdomain) to integrate multisource image information effectively. In the intradomain feature fusion, an adaptive de-redundancy fusion module (ADRF) is introduced to eliminate redundancy so that the spatial and spectral features are complete and compact, respectively. In interdomain feature fusion, we construct a spatial-spectral joint attention module (SSJA) based on interdomain relationships to sufficiently enhance the complementary features, so as to facilitate later fusion. Experiments on various multisource optical RS datasets demonstrate that S2 RGF-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods.

Investigation on the Therapeutic Mechanism of Danbie Capsules for Endometriosis: A Network Pharmacology Approach.

Objective: To explore the active substances and targets of Danbie Capsules in Endometriosis therapy. Methods: This study was conducted through TCMSP and published literature screened and obtained 183 active substances of Danbie Capsules, combined and intersected with Endometriosis target genes collected and screened in the GEO database, obtained 24 target genes for Endometriosis treatment, and mapped the target network map of Danbie Capsules active substances against Endometriosis. The network was analyzed with the aid of Cytoscape version 3.9.1. With the aid of the platform of the STRING data analysis, PPI network analysis was conducted on 24 anti-Endometriosis targets of the Danbie Capsules. Results: The research results obtained three critical active substances, namely, Quercetin, ß-sitosterol, and Luteolin. Seven critical targets were identified, and two representative genes (TP53 and AKT1) have been verified in Macromolecular docking and immunohistochemical verification. Conclusion: The active substances of Danbie Capsules in the treatment of Endometriosis are Quercetin, ß-sitosterol and Luteolin, and the main targets are TP53 and AKT1.

Risk factors for subsequent suicidal acts among 12-25-year-old high-risk callers to a suicide prevention hotline in China: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: A few previous cross-sectional studies investigated correlated factors of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts among suicide prevention hotline callers; however, scarcely any evidence was from a longitudinal study. In addition, it is still unclear whether improvements in some suicide risk factors could reduce the occurrence of subsequent suicidal acts. This longitudinal study focusing on the risk factors for subsequent suicidal acts among adolescent and young adult callers with high suicide risk aims to fill this gap. METHODS: This study recruited 12-25-year-old high-risk callers to a China nationwide suicide prevention hotline. Potential risk factors, including hopefulness, psychological distress, depression, history of suicide attempts, alcohol or substance misuse, and acute life events, were examined during the index calls, and improvements in hopefulness, psychological distress, and suicide intent were assessed before ending the index calls. The recruited callers were followed up 12 months after their index calls. The primary outcome was the occurrence of suicidal acts (suicide attempts or suicide death) during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards model were used. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 271 of 1656 high-risk adolescent and young adult callers attempted suicide, and seven callers died by suicide. After adjusting for demographic variables, low hopefulness (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.03, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=[1.47, 2.80]) at the beginning of the index call was associated with a higher risk for subsequent suicidal acts, whereas improvements in psychological distress (HR = 0.61, 95%CI [0.41, 0.89]) and suicidal intent (HR = 0.56, 95%CI [0.38, 0.84]) during the index call reduced the risk of subsequent suicidal acts. In addition, alcohol or substance misuse (Model 2, HR = 1.65, 95%CI [1.11, 2.46]) and suicide attempt history(Model 1: one episode, HR = 1.96, 95%CI=[1.05, 3.66]; two or more episodes, HR = 2.81, 95%CI [1.59, 4.96]. Model 2: one episode, HR = 2.26, 95%CI [1.06, 4.82]; two or more episodes: HR = 3.28, 95%CI [1.63, 6.60]) were risk factors for subsequent suicidal acts. CONCLUSIONS: While suicide prevention hotline operators deliver brief psychological interventions to high-risk adolescent and young adult callers, priority should be given to callers with low hopefulness and to the alleviation of callers' high psychological distress and suicide intent.

Radiomics-Based Machine Learning Classification Strategy for Characterization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in High-Risk Patients with LI-RADS Category M Nodules.

Objective Accurate differentiation within the LI-RADS category M (LR-M) between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HCC malignancies (mainly intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma [CCA] and combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma [cHCC-CCA]) is an area of active investigation. We aimed to use radiomics-based machine learning classification strategy for differentiating HCC from CCA and cHCC-CCA on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images in high-risk patients with LR-M nodules. Methods A total of 159 high-risk patients with LR-M nodules (69 HCC and 90 CCA/cHCC-CCA) who underwent CEUS within 1 month before pathologic confirmation from January 2006 to December 2019 were retrospectively included (111 patients for training set and 48 for test set). The training set was used to build models, while the test set was used to compare models. For each observation, six CEUS images captured at predetermined time points (T1, peak enhancement after contrast injection; T2, 30 seconds; T3, 45 seconds; T4, 60 seconds; T5, 1-2 minutes; and T6, 2-3 minutes) were collected for tumor segmentation and selection of radiomics features, which included seven types of features: first-order statistics, shape (2D), gray-level co-occurrence matrix, gray-level size zone matrix, gray-level run length matrix, neighboring gray tone difference matrix, and gray-level dependence matrix. Clinical data and key radiomics features were employed to develop the clinical model, radiomics signature (RS), and combined RS-clinical (RS-C) model. The RS and RS-C model were built using the machine learning framework. The diagnostic performance of these three models was calculated and compared. Results Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CA19-9, enhancement pattern, and time of washout were included as independent factors for clinical model (all p < 0.05). Both the RS and RS-C model performed better than the clinical model in the test set (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.698 [0.571-0.812] for clinical model, 0.903 [0.830-0.970] for RS, and 0.912 [0.838-0.977] for the RS-C model; both p < 0.05). Conclusions Radiomics-based machine learning classifiers may be competent for differentiating HCC from CCA and cHCC-CCA in high-risk patients with LR-M nodules.

Remediation of petroleum-contaminated site soil by bioaugmentation with immobilized bacterial pellets stimulated by a controlled-release oxygen composite.

Bioaugmentation techniques still show drawbacks in the cleanup of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from petroleum-contaminated site soil. Herein, this study explored high-performance immobilized bacterial pellets (IBPs) embed Microbacterium oxydans with a high degrading capacity, and developed a controlled-release oxygen composite (CROC) that allows the efficient, long-term release of oxygen. Tests with four different microcosm incubations were performed to assess the effects of IBPs and CROC on the removal of TPHs from petroleum-contaminated site soil. The results showed that the addition of IBPs and/or CROC could significantly promote the remediation of TPHs in soil. A CROC only played a significant role in the degradation of TPHs in deep soil. The combined application of IBPs and CROC had the best effect on the remediation of deep soil, and the removal rate of TPHs reached 70%, which was much higher than that of nature attenuation (13.2%) and IBPs (43.0%) or CROC (31.9%) alone. In particular, the CROC could better promote the degradation of heavy distillate hydrocarbons (HFAs) in deep soil, and the degradation rates of HFAs increased from 6.6% to 33.2%-21.0% and 67.9%, respectively. In addition, the IBPs and CROC significantly enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase, catalase, and lipase in soil. Results of the enzyme activity were the same as that of TPH degradation. The combined application of IBPs and CROC not only increased the microbial abundance and diversity of soil, but also significantly enhanced the enrichment of potential TPH-biodegrading bacteria. M. oxydans was dominant in AP (bioaugmentation with addition of IBPs) and APO (bioaugmentation with the addition of IBPs and CROC) microcosms that added IBPs. Overall, the IBPs and CROC developed in this study provide a novel option for the combination of bioaugmentation and biostimulation for remediating organic pollutants in soil.

Comprehensive Proteogenomic Profiling Reveals the Molecular Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer at Distinct Stages of Progression.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant tumor world-wide. Analysis of the changes that occur during CRC progression could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms driving CRC development and identify improved treatment strategies. Here, we performed an integrated multi-omics analysis of 435 trace-tumor-samples from 148 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, covering non-tumor (NT), intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN), infiltration (IFT), and advanced-stage CRC (A-CRC) phases. Proteogenomics analyses demonstrated that KRAS and BRAF mutations were mutually exclusive and elevated oxidation phosphorylation in the IEN phase. Chr17q loss and chr20q gain were also mutually exclusive, occurred predominantly in the IEN and IFT phases, respectively, and impacted the cell cycle. Mutation of TP53 was frequent in the A-CRC phase and associated with tumor microenvironment, including increased extracellular matrix rigidity and stromal infiltration. Analysis of the profiles of CRC based on CMS and CRIS classifications revealed the progression paths of each subtype and indicated that microsatellite instability was associated with specific subtype classifications. Additional comparison of molecular characteristics of CRC based on location showed that ANKRD22 amplification by chr10q23.31 gain enhanced glycolysis in the right-sided CRC. The AOM/DSS-induced CRC carcinogenesis mouse model in mice indicated that DDX5 deletion due to chr17q loss promoted CRC development, consistent with the findings from the patient samples. Collectively, this study provides an informative resource for understanding the driving events of different stages of CRC and identifying the potential therapeutic targets.

Masked Translation Priming Effects for Chinese-English-Japanese Triple Cognates in Lexical Decision Tasks.

Previous research has demonstrated cognate translation priming effects in masked priming lexical decision tasks (LDTs) even when a bilingual's two languages have different scripts. Because those effect sizes are normally larger than with noncognates, the effects have been partially attributed to the impact of prime-target phonological similarity. The present research extended that work by examining priming effects when using triple different-script cognates, i.e., /ka1 feɪ1/-coffee-コーヒー/KoRhiR/. Specifically, masked cognate priming effects were examined in six different priming directions (i.e., L1↔L2, L1↔L3, and L2↔L3) for Chinese-English-Japanese trilinguals using LDTs. Significant priming effects were observed only when the primes were from the stronger language. This asymmetric pattern suggests that the phonological similarity of cognate primes only facilitates the processing of different-script triple cognates to the extent that the processing of the prime is robust enough to make phonology available before target processing is finished.

DNA demethylase TET2-mediated reduction of HADHB expression contributes to cadmium-induced malignant progression of colorectal cancer.

Environmental exposure to the cadmium (Cd) has been shown to be a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that chronic Cd (3 µM) exposure promoted the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion of CRC cells in vitro, as well as lung metastasis in vivo. RNA-seq and TCGA-COAD datasets revealed that decreased hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta (HADHB) expression may be a crucial factor in Cd-induced CRC progression. Further analysis using qRT-PCR and tissue microarrays from CRC patients showed that HADHB expression was significantly reduced in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and low HADHB expression was associated with adverse clinical features and poor overall survival, either directly or through TNM stage. Furthermore, HADHB was found to play an important role in the Cd-induced malignant metastatic phenotype of CRC cells and lung metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, we discovered that chronic Cd exposure resulted in hypermethylation of the HADHB promoter region via inhibition of DNA demethylase tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2), which then led to decreased HADHB expression and activation of the FAK signaling pathway, and ultimately contributed to CRC progression. In conclusion, this study provided a new potential insight and evaluable biomarker for Cd exposure-induced CRC progression and treatment.

[Development of a Prognostic Model for Overall Survival Adult Patients with Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukaemia].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors affecting overall survival (OS) of adult patients with core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) and establish a prediction model. METHODS: A total of 216 newly diagnosed patients with CBF-AML in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2015 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The 216 CBF-AML patients were divided into the training and the validation cohort at 7∶3 ratio. The Cox regression model was used to analyze the clinical factors affecting OS. Stepwise regression was used to establish the optimal model and the nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the model performance. RESULTS: Age(≥55 years old), peripheral blood blast(≥80%), fusion gene (AML1-ETO), KIT mutations were identified as independent adverse factors for OS. The area under the ROC curve at 3-year was 0.772 and 0.722 in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The predicted value of the calibration curve is in good agreement with the measured value. DCA shows that this model performs better than a single factor. CONCLUSION: This prediction model is simple and feasible, and can effectively predict the OS of CBF-AML, and provide a basis for treatment decision.

Neuronal ferroptosis and ferroptosis-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress: Implications in cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice.

Obstructive sleep apnea, typically characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is linked to cognitive dysfunction in children. Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death characterized by lethal iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Nevertheless, its contribution to CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction and its interaction with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) remain uncertain. In this study, utilizing a CIH model in 4-week-old male mice, we investigated ferroptosis and its potential involvement in ERS regulation during cognitive dysfunction. Our findings indicate ferroptosis activation in prefrontal cortex neurons, leading to neuron loss, mitochondrial damage, decreased levels of GPX4, SLC7A11, FTL, and FTH, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), Fe2+, ACSL4, TFRC, along with the activation of ERS-related PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway. Treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) and the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) effectively mitigated the neuron injury and cognitive dysfunction induced by CIH, significantly reducing Fe2+ and partly restoring expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins. Furhermore, the use of Lip-1 and DFO downregulated p-PERK, ATF4 and CHOP, and upregulated Nrf2 expression, suggesting that inhibiting ferroptosis reduce ERS and that the transcription factor Nrf2 is involved in the process. In summary, our findings indicate that cognitive impairment in CIH mice correlates with the induction of neuronal ferroptosis, facilitated by the System xc - GPX4 functional axis, lipid peroxidation, and the iron metabolism pathway, along with ferroptosis-mediated ERS in the prefrontal cortex. Nrf2 has been identified as a potential regulator of ferroptosis and ERS involved in the context of CIH.

CircUBE2D2 regulates HMGB1 through miR-885-5p to promote ovarian cancer malignancy.

BACKGROUND: The newly discovered CircUBE2D2 has been shown to abnormally upregulate and promote cancer progression in a variety of cancers. The present study explored circUBE2D2 (hsa_circ_0005728) in Ovarian Cancer (OC) progression. METHODS: CircUBE2D2, miR-885-5p, and HMGB1 were examined by RT-qPCR or WB. SKOV-3 cell functions (including cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion) were validated using the CCK-8, flow cytometry, scratch assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The direct relationship between miR-885-5p and circUBE2D2 or HMGB1 was confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down analysis. circUBE2D2's role in vivo tumor xenograft experiment was further probed. RESULTS: OC tissue and cell lines had higher circUBE2D2 and HMGB1 and lower miR-885-5p. Mechanically, CircUBE2D2 shared a binding relation with miR-885-5p, while miR-885-5p can directly target HMGB1. Eliminating circUBE2D2 or miR-885-5p induction inhibited OC cell activities. However, these functions were relieved by down-regulating miR-885-5p or HMGB1 induction. Furthermore, circUBE2D2 knockout reduced tumor growth. CONCLUSION: CircUBE2D2 regulates the expression of HMGB1 by acting as a sponge of ceRNA as miR-885-5p, thereby promoting the control of OC cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Targeting CircUBE2D2 could serve as a new potential treatment strategy for OC.

Comparison of different drying pretreatment combined with ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis extraction of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.

Extraction of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (L. ruthenicum) is a notable challenge in food production, requiring methods that balance efficiency and safety. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis the extraction of anthocyanins by natural air drying (NAD), vacuum freeze drying (VFD), hot air drying (HAD), and vacuum microwave drying (MVD) combined with ultrasonic-assisted enzymolysis extraction (UAEE). The results demonstrated that the extraction yield and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins were significantly higher in VFD. This phenomenon can be attributed to the modification of raw material's microstructure, leading to an increased extraction yield of specific anthocyanins such as Cyanidin-3-galactoside, Delphinidin chloride, Cyanidin, and Petunidin. According to the pretreatment results, the extraction process of anthocyanins was further optimized. The highest yield (3.16 g/100 g) was obtained in following conditions: 0.24 % pectinase, 48 °C, solid:liquid = 1:21, and 21 min ultrasonic time. This study improves the commercial value and potential application of L. ruthenicum in food industry.

Non-invasive imaging techniques for early diagnosis of bilateral cardiac dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension: current crests, future peaks.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disease that eventually leads to heart failure (HF) and subsequent fatality if left untreated. Right ventricular (RV) function has proven prognostic values in patients with a variety of heart diseases including PAH. PAH is predominantly a right heart disease; however, given the nature of the continuous circulatory system and the presence of shared septum and pericardial constraints, the interdependence of the right and left ventricles is a factor that requires consideration. Accurate and timely assessment of ventricular function is very important in the management of patients with PAH for disease outcomes and prognosis. Non-invasive modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiography (two-dimensional and three-dimensional), and nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) play a crucial role in the assessment of ventricular function and disease prognosis. Each modality has its own strengths and limitations, hence this review article sheds light on (i) ventricular dysfunction in patients with PAH and RV-LV interdependence in such patients, (ii) the strengths and limitations of all available modalities and parameters for the early assessment of ventricular function, as well as their prognostic value, and (iii) lastly, the challenges faced and the potential future advancement in these modalities for accurate and early diagnosis of ventricular function in PAH.

Exogenous NADPH could mitigate pyroptosis-induced brain injury in fetal mice exposed to gestational intermittent hypoxia.

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and will lead to the rise of oxidative stress in the fetal body. Pyroptosis, a type of inflammatory and programmable cell death mediated by Gasdermin D (GSDMD), plays a substantial role in oxygen deprivation's contribution to neural system damage. Existing research shows that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) plays a protective role in alleviating brain tissue pyroptosis. We speculate that exogenous NADPH may play a protective role in OSA during pregnancy. METHODS: A model of GIH group was established to simulate the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA during pregnant and AIR group was established by giving the same frequency. Sham group was established by injecting NS and the NADPH group was established and given exogenous NADPH. We utilized the Morris Water Maze to assess cognitive function impairment, Luxol Fast Blue (LBF) staining to confirm myelin sheath formation, TUNEL staining to examine cell death in fetal mice brain tissue, and Western blotting to detect pertinent protein expressions. RESULTS: The GIH group offspring exhibited decreases in spatial learning and memory abilities, reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes and formed myelin, as well as increased expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. The NADPH group offspring showed restoration in spatial learning and memory abilities increased counts of oligodendrocytes and formed myelin sheaths, in addition to decreased expression of pyroptosis-related. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that early injection of exogenous NADPH can alleviate the damage to fetal brain development caused by gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH).

Destroyed lung contributes to the recurrence of hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization in patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis has high rates of hemoptysis and recurrent hemoptysis, which is inconsistent among various etiologies. Idiopathic bronchiectasis and post-tuberculous bronchiectasis are two important etiologies in China, but the differences in clinical features and risk factors of recurrent hemoptysis have not been elucidated. METHODS: Patients hospitalized for idiopathic bronchiectasis or post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis were included. Patients were followed up for at least 24 months post-BAE. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected and analyzed between idiopathic bronchiectasis and post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis. Based on the outcomes of recurrent severe hemoptysis in patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis, Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: Among 417 patients including 352 idiopathic bronchiectasis and 65 post-tuberculous bronchiectasis, 209 (50.1%) were females. Compared with the idiopathic group, the proportion of patients with female (54.5% vs. 26.2%, p < 0.001), with sputum (79.5% vs. 36.9%, p < 0.001), isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.7% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.001), and the number of bronchiectatic lobes≥ 3(98.3% vs 50.8%, p < 0.001) were lower, and the proportion of destroyed lung (4.5% vs. 26.6%, p < 0.001) and recurrence of severe hemoptysis (22.4% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.001) were higher in the post-tuberculous group. Among patients with post-tuberculosis bronchiectasis, destroyed lung [HR: 3.2(1.1,9.1), p = 0.026] and abnormal esophageal proper artery [HR: 2.8(1.1,7.0), p = 0.032] were two independent risk factors for the recurrence of hemoptysis. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence rate of severe hemoptysis in patients with post-tuberculous bronchiectasis receiving BAE is high, and the proper esophageal artery should be actively evaluated and standardized treatment should be given.

The formation and evolution of vulnerability risk of rural poor groups under the perspective of social support -- based on the analysis of "sensitivity-resilience".

The anticipated sensitivity and resilience practices of the poor groups expose them to significant vulnerability risks, with social support actions arising from the return to poverty posing additional interference. To comprehensively prevent and mitigate vulnerability risks, breakthroughs in corresponding social support are essential. This study, through questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, collected original data from 750 impoverished households in Lantian County, northwest China. Using a bottom-up approach, it constructed a "sensitivity-resilience" framework to assess the vulnerability and resilience mechanisms of the relatively poor groups. The research reveals that vulnerability and resilience interact in response to risk shocks. The strong livelihood dependence, capital accumulation deficiency, and sensitivity characteristics of social marginalization among rural relatively poor groups, coupled with fragmented and inefficient social support, exacerbate the degree of vulnerability risks, leading to an amplification of sensitivity and a reduction in resilience. Based on these findings, targeted at the characteristics of vulnerability risks and the fatigue factors of social support, this study proposes policy recommendations at two levels: system reengineering to reduce sensitivity and long-term reengineering to enhance resilience, aiming to prevent large-scale return to poverty.

Insomnia among college students: A bibliometric analysis from 2003 to 2022.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia has become a common health problem in modern society, especially among college students. The purpose of this study was to analyze the research status, research hotspots and frontier trends of insomnia among college students over the past 20 years. METHODS: VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2 were used. R4: This study conducts a bibliometric and visualization analysis of the annual publications, authors, countries/regions, institutions, categories, journal/literature cocitations and keywords related to insomnia among college students in the Web of Science (WoS) core collection from 2003 to 2022. RESULTS: A total of 590 studies were included, and the number of studies on insomnia among college students has steadily increased over the last 20 years. The authors of high yield are represented by Taylor DJ and Miller MB. The countries/regions with high yields were the USA and China. The institutions of high yield were King Saud University and Southern Medical University. Its research fields were mainly Clinical Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosciences. Mental health and insomnia, sleep quality and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on insomnia are current research hotspots. Future research could focus on predicting the chronotype and physical activity of insomnia students. CONCLUSION: Through bibliometric and visualization analysis, this study investigated insomnia among college students over the past 20 years and preliminarily revealed the findings of coauthors and institutions. This study provides a general understanding of the research hotspots and frontier trends of insomnia among college students and provides some references for future research.