RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common public diseases threatening human health, is always accompanied by infection. Though there are still a variety of flaws in the treatment of some infectious diseases, metabolomics provides a fresh perspective to explore the relationship between T2DM and infection. Our research aimed to investigate the association between plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) and T2DM complicated with infection in Chinese patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to August 2016. We retrieved the medical records of 1032 inpatients with T2DM from Liaoning Medical University First Affiliated Hospital and we used mass spectrometry to quantify 23 PFAAs. Infections contained 15 individual categories that could be retrieved from the database. Principal component analysis was used to extract factors of PFAAs. Multi-variable binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Among 1032 inpatients,109 (10.6%) had infectious diseases. Six factors, accounting for 68.6% of the total variance, were extracted. Factor 4 consisted of Glu, Asp and Orn. Factor 5 consisted of Hcy and Pip. After adjusting for potential confounders, factor 4 was positively correlated with T2DM complicated with infection in Chinese T2DM patients (OR: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.06-1.52). Individual Hcy in factor 5 was positively associated with T2DM complicated with infection (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.08-1.64). Furthermore, factor 4 (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.11-1.87), Orn (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.02) and Hcy (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.14-3.14) were positively associated with bacterial infection in Chinese T2DM patients, while factor 5 (OR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.50-1.00) was negatively associated with bacterial infection. CONCLUSIONS: Urea cycle-related metabolites (Orn, Asp, Glu) and Hcy were positively associated with T2DM complicated with infection in China. Orn and Hcy were positively associated with bacterial infection in T2DM patients in China.
RESUMO
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between plasma glutamate (Glu) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether this association differs by gender. Material and methods: We retrieved clinical information on 1032 consecutive patients with T2DM from a same tertiary care center from May 2015 to August 2016. Glu was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Glu was converted into a categorical variable based on the median concentration in the whole population, while logistic regression was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the correlation between Glu and various biochemical indices was analyzed. Results: We found that Glu was positively associated with the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM. This correlation was more significant in women. In T2DM patients, the higher the age, body mass index (BMI), weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP), the lower the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) concentration and the higher the Glu. In female patients, the correlation between age, weight, BMI, SBP, and plasma Triglycerides (TG), and Glu was also statistically significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, female T2DM patients with high levels of Glu have a higher risk of developing CVD.
