Different effects of acute and chronic oxidative stress on the intestinal flora and gut-liver axis in weaned piglets.

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in modulating the balance of intestinal flora and the gut-liver axis, while also serving as a key determinant of the growth potential of weaned piglets. However, few studies have subdivided and compared acute and chronic oxidative stress. Methods: In this study, an intestinal model of acute oxidative stress in weaned piglets using paraquat (PQ) and a chronic oxidative stress model using D-galactosa in weaned piglets were conducted. And we further systematically compare their effects. Results: Both acute and chronic oxidative stress models impaired intestinal barrier function and liver function. Chronic stress caused by D-galactose can result in severe redox dysregulation, while acute stress caused by paraquat can lead to inflammation and liver damage. Additionally, the components involved in the CAR pathway were expressed differently. Chronic or acute oxidative stress can reduce the diversity and composition of intestinal flora. In the PQ group, the richness of Mogibacterium and Denitratisoma improved, but in the D-gal group, the richness of Catenisphaera and Syntrophococcus increased. Discussion: Not only does this research deepen our understanding of the effects of acute and chronic oxidative stress on intestinal functions, but it also characterizes characteristic changes in the gut flora, potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets and opening new avenues for future research.

Adaptive Weighted Data Fusion for Line Structured Light and Photometric Stereo Measurement System.

Line structured light (LSL) measurement systems can obtain high accuracy profiles, but the overall clarity relies greatly on the sampling interval of the scanning process. Photometric stereo (PS), on the other hand, is sensitive to tiny features but has poor geometrical accuracy. Cooperative measurement with these two methods is an effective way to ensure precision and clarity results. In this paper, an LSL-PS cooperative measurement system is brought out. The calibration methods used in the LSL and PS measurement system are given. Then, a data fusion algorithm with adaptive weights is proposed, where an error function that contains the 3D point cloud matching error and normal vector error is established. The weights, which are based on the angles of adjacent normal vectors, are also added to the error function. Afterward, the fusion results can be obtained by solving linear equations. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the proposed method has the advantages of both the LSL and PS methods. The 3D reconstruction results have the merits of high accuracy and high clarity.

High-Performance Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Realized by Codoping and Their Application in Logic Circuits.

Tin oxide is a promising channel material, offering the advantages of being low-cost and environmentally friendly and having a wide band gap. However, despite the high electron mobility of SnO2 in bulk, the corresponding thin-film transistors (TFTs) generally exhibit moderate performance, hindering their widespread application. Herein, we proposed a codoping strategy to improve both the electrical property and the stability of SnO2 TFTs. A comparative analysis between doped and undoped SnO2 was conducted. It is observed that taking advantage of the difference in ionic radii between two dopants (indium and gallium) and the tin ions in the host lattice can effectively reduce impurity-induced strain. Additionally, we investigated the effect of codoping content on SnO2 TFTs. The optimal codoped SnO2 (TIGO) TFTs demonstrate high performance, featuring a field-effect mobility of 15.9 cm2/V·s, a threshold voltage of 0.2 V, a subthreshold swing of 0.5 V/decade, and an on-to-off current ratio of 2.2 × 107. Furthermore, the devices show high stability under both positive and negative bias stress conditions with a small threshold voltage shift of 1.8 and -1.2 V, respectively. Utilizing the TIGO TFTs, we successfully constructed a resistor-loaded unipolar inverter with a high gain of 10.76. This study highlights the potential of codoped SnO2 TFTs for advanced applications in electronic devices.

Rapid Determination of Tetracyclines in Drinking and Environmental Waters Using Fully Automatic Solid-Phase Extraction with Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

The abuse and irrational use of tetracyclines (TCs) in human medicine and animal husbandry has become a serious concern, affecting the ecological environment and human health. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive and selective method using fully automatic solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of twelve TCs in water. Four isotope-labeled internal standards for TCs were used to correct matrix effects. Several parameters affecting extraction efficiency were systematically optimized, and the optimum experimental conditions found were 1.0 L water sample with 0.5 g/L Na2EDTA (pH 3.0) extracted and enriched by CNW HLB cartridge and eluted by 4 mL of acetone:methanol (v/v, 1:1). The enrichment factors were up to 798-1059 but only requiring about 60 min per six samples. Under the optimized conditions, the linearity of the method ranged from 0.2 to 100 µg/L for 12 TCs, the detection limits were as low as 0.01-0.15 ng/L, and the recoveries were in the range of 70%-118%, with relative standard deviations less than 15%. The developed method can be successfully utilized for the determination of 12 TCs in pure water, tap water, river water, and mariculture seawater. In summary, three and six TCs were detected in river water and mariculture seawater, respectively, with total concentrations of 0.074-0.520 ng/L (mean 0.248 ng/L) and 0.792-58.369 ng/L (12.629 ng/L), respectively. Tetracycline (TC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) were the dominant TCs in river water, while doxytetracycline (DXC) and OTC were dominant in mariculture seawater.

EPR-Net: constructing a non-equilibrium potential landscape via a variational force projection formulation.

We present EPR-Net, a novel and effective deep learning approach that tackles a crucial challenge in biophysics: constructing potential landscapes for high-dimensional non-equilibrium steady-state systems. EPR-Net leverages a nice mathematical fact that the desired negative potential gradient is simply the orthogonal projection of the driving force of the underlying dynamics in a weighted inner-product space. Remarkably, our loss function has an intimate connection with the steady entropy production rate (EPR), enabling simultaneous landscape construction and EPR estimation. We introduce an enhanced learning strategy for systems with small noise, and extend our framework to include dimensionality reduction and the state-dependent diffusion coefficient case in a unified fashion. Comparative evaluations on benchmark problems demonstrate the superior accuracy, effectiveness and robustness of EPR-Net compared to existing methods. We apply our approach to challenging biophysical problems, such as an eight-dimensional (8D) limit cycle and a 52D multi-stability problem, which provide accurate solutions and interesting insights on constructed landscapes. With its versatility and power, EPR-Net offers a promising solution for diverse landscape construction problems in biophysics.

Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma: A Bayesian network analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2-4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7-5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1-2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis.

Spatial transition tensor of single cells.

Spatial transcriptomics and messenger RNA splicing encode extensive spatiotemporal information for cell states and transitions. The current lineage-inference methods either lack spatial dynamics for state transition or cannot capture different dynamics associated with multiple cell states and transition paths. Here we present spatial transition tensor (STT), a method that uses messenger RNA splicing and spatial transcriptomes through a multiscale dynamical model to characterize multistability in space. By learning a four-dimensional transition tensor and spatial-constrained random walk, STT reconstructs cell-state-specific dynamics and spatial state transitions via both short-time local tensor streamlines between cells and long-time transition paths among attractors. Benchmarking and applications of STT on several transcriptome datasets via multiple technologies on epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, blood development, spatially resolved mouse brain and chicken heart development, indicate STT's capability in recovering cell-state-specific dynamics and their associated genes not seen using existing methods. Overall, STT provides a consistent multiscale description of single-cell transcriptome data across multiple spatiotemporal scales.

Effects of fermented sweet potato residue on nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and intestinal microbes in broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of dietary fermented sweet potato residue (FSPR) supplementation as a substitute for corn on the nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and intestinal microbes of yellow-feathered broilers. Experiment 1 (force-feeding) evaluated the nutrient composition and digestibility of mixtures with different proportions of sweet potato residue (70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) before and after fermentation. In Experiment 2 (metabolic growth), a total of 420 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups and fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with 0, 5%, 8%, and 10% FSPR as a substitute for corn. The force-feeding and metabolic growth experiments were performed for 9 and 70 d, respectively. The treatment of 70% sweet potato residue (after fermentation) had the highest levels of crude protein, ether extract, and crude fiber and improved the digestibility of crude protein and amino acids (P < 0.05). Although dietary FSPR supplementation at different levels had no significant effect on growth performance and intestinal morphology, it improved slaughter rate, half-chamber rate, full clearance rate, and meat color, as well as reduced cooking loss in the breast and thigh muscles (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 8% and 10% FSPR increased the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G levels in broilers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 10% FSPR increased the Shannon index and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Romboutsia abundances and decreased Sutterella and Megamonas abundances (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that meat color was positively correlated with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with Megamonas (P < 0.05). Collectively, 70% sweet potato residue (after fermentation) had the best nutritional value and nutrient digestibility. Dietary supplementation with 8% to 10% FSPR as a substitute for corn can improve the slaughter performance, meat quality, and intestinal microbe profiles of broilers. Our findings suggest that FSPR has the potential to be used as a substitute for corn-soybean meals to improve the meat quality and intestinal health of broilers.

CT-based radiomics analysis of different machine learning models for differentiating gnathic fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, our aim was to develop and validate the effectiveness of diverse radiomic models for distinguishing between gnathic fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) before surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 220 patients with confirmed FD or OF. We extracted radiomic features from nonenhanced CT images. Following dimensionality reduction and feature selection, we constructed radiomic models using logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and eXtreme gradient boosting. We then identified the best radiomic model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After combining radiomics features with clinical features, we developed a comprehensive model. ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the models' robustness and clinical value. RESULTS: We extracted 1834 radiomic features from CT images, reduced them to eight valuable features, and achieved high predictive efficiency, with area under curves (AUC) exceeding 0.95 for all the models. Ultimately, our combined model, which integrates radiomic and clinical data, displayed superior discriminatory ability (AUC: training cohort 0.970; test cohort 0.967). DCA highlighted its optimal clinical efficacy. CONCLUSION: Our combined model effectively differentiates between FD and OF, offering a noninvasive and efficient approach to clinical decision-making.

PON3::LCN1 and HTN3::MSANTD3 Gene Fusions With NR4A3/NR4A2 Expression in Salivary Acinic Cell Carcinoma.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland (AciCC) is a low-grade carcinoma characterized by the overexpression of the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3). AciCC has been the subject of a few molecular research projects. This study delves into AciCC's molecular landscape to identify additional alterations and explore their clinical implications. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining for markers NR4A3/NR4A2, DOG-1, S100, and mammaglobin were utilized on 41 AciCCs and 11 secretory carcinoma (SC) samples. NR4A3 was evident in 35 AciCCs, while the residual 6 were NR4A3-negative and NR4A2-positive; SC samples were consistently NR4A3-negative. A novel fusion, PON3 exon 1- LCN1 exon 5, was detected in 9/41 (21.9%) AciCCs, exhibiting a classical histologic pattern with serous cell components growing in solid sheets alongside the intercalated duct-like component. Clinical follow-up of 39 patients over a median of 59 months revealed diverse prognostic outcomes: 34 patients exhibited no disease evidence, whereas the remaining 5 experienced poorer prognosis, involving local recurrence, lymph node, and distant metastasis, and disease-associated death, 4 of which harbored the PON3::LCN1 fusion. In addition, the HTN3::MSANTD3 fusion was recurrently identified in 7/41 AciCC cases. SC patients lacked both fusions. Immunohistochemistry uncovered differential expression of DOG-1, S100, and mammaglobin across samples, providing nuanced insights into their roles in AciCC. This study accentuates PON3::LCN1 and HTN3::MSANTD3 fusions as recurrent molecular events in AciCC, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic utility and propelling further research into targeted therapeutic strategies.

Handedness-Inverted and Stimuli-Responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescent Nano/Micromaterials Through Pathway-Dependent Chiral Supramolecular Polymorphism.

The precise manipulation of supramolecular polymorphs has been widely applied to control the morphologies and functions of self-assemblies, but is rarely utilized for the fabrication of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with tailored properties. Here, this work reports that an amphiphilic naphthalene-histidine compound (NIHis) readily self-assembled into distinct chiral nanostructures through pathway-dependent supramolecular polymorphism, which shows opposite and multistimuli responsive CPL signals. Specifically, NIHis display assembly-induced CPL from the polymorphic keto tautomer, which become predominant during enol-keto tautomerization shifting controlled by a bulk solvent effect. Interestingly, chiral polymorphs of nanofiber and microbelt with inverted CPL signals can be prepared from the same NIHis monomer in exactly the same solvent compositions and concentrations by only changing the temperature. The tunable CPL performance of the solid microbelts is realized under multi external physical or chemical stimuli including grinding, acid fuming, and heating. In particular, an emission color and CPL on-off switch based on the microbelt polymorph by reversible heating-cooling protocol is developed. This work brings a new approach for developing smart CPL materials via supramolecular polymorphism engineering.

Can botulinum toxin injection alleviate the pain of bruxism? A Bayesian network analysis and a single-arm analysis.

Background/purpose: There is inconsistent evidence regarding whether the botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection can relieve pain caused by bruxism. This study aimed to estimate the efficiency of BTA injection in relieving pain caused by bruxism at different follow-up periods. Materials and methods: Five electronic databases were searched from 2005 to 2022 using search terms related to botulinum toxin and bruxism. Only controlled clinical trials were included. Two investigators reviewed each article and discussed any disagreements until a consensus was reached. Pain outcomes as evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) were subjected to single-arm and Bayesian network meta-analyses. Pooling data were measured by a random-effects model. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 365 bruxism patients were included. According to the single-arm analyses of the pooled data, the reduction in bruxism-related pain after BTA injection measured 4.06 points (95% CI = 3.37 to 4.75) on the VAS, and the pain relief was significant in the first 6 months after treatment (P < 0.01). According to the Bayesian analysis, BTA also resulted in significantly greater pain relief than oral splinting (mean difference (MD), -1.5; 95% credible interval (CrI) = -2.7 to -0.19) or saline injection (MD, -3.3; 95% CrI = -6.2 to -0.32). Conclusion: BTA significantly relieves the pain of bruxism for 6 months after injection, and its therapeutic efficacy was higher than that of oral splinting. Nevertheless, further long-term follow-up randomized controlled trials comparing BTA with other management or drugs are warranted.

Benthic foraminiferal community structure and its response to environmental factors revealed using high-throughput sequencing in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground, East China Sea.

Benthic foraminifera are excellent tools for monitoring marine environments and reconstructing paleoenvironments. This study investigated the structure and diversity of benthic foraminiferal communities in 20 superficial sediment samples obtained from the Zhoushan Fishing Ground (ZFG) using high-throughput sequencing based on small subunit ribosomal DNA and RNA amplification. The results revealed Rotaliida as the most dominant group, with spatial heterogeneity in foraminiferal distribution. Total benthic foraminiferal communities exhibited higher species richness and diversity compared to active communities. While heavy metal pollution in the ZFG was moderate, areas with elevated concentrations of heavy metals exhibited low diversity and richness in foraminiferal communities. Total foraminiferal community structure was primarily influenced by factors such as water depth and Hg, Pb, Cd, and Zn levels. Notably, Hg levels emerged as a critical factor impacting the structure and diversity of the active foraminiferal community. The dominant species, Operculina, exhibited tolerance toward heavy metal pollution.

A prognostic model built on amino acid metabolism patterns in HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To compare amino acid metabolism patterns between HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and identify key genes for a prognostic model. DESIGN: Utilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we analyzed amino acid metabolism genes, differentiated genes between HPV statuses, and selected key genes via LASSO regression for the prognostic model. The model's gene expression was verified through immunohistochemistry in clinical samples. Functional enrichment and CIBERSORTx analyses explored biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and immune cell correlations. The model's prognostic capability was assessed using nomograms, calibration, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS: We identified 1157 key genes associated with amino acid metabolism in HNSCC and HPV status. The prognostic model, featuring genes like IQCN, SLC22A1, SYT12, and TLX3, highlighted functions in development, metabolism, and pathways related to receptors and enzymes. It significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and outperformed traditional staging in prognosis prediction, despite immunohistochemistry results showing limited clinical identification of HPV-related HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct amino acid metabolism patterns differentiate HPV-positive from negative HNSCC patients, underscoring the prognostic model's utility in predicting outcomes and guiding therapeutic strategies.

Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Thin-Film Transistor at Low Temperature via A Combination Strategy of H2 O2 -Inducement Technique and Infrared Irradiation Annealing.

Solution processing has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs), offering advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and exceptional compositional control. However, achieving reasonable electrical properties typically demands high annealing temperatures in the fabrication process. In addressing this challenge, a novel combination strategy is proposed that involves integrating the H2 O2 inducement technique with infrared (IR) irradiation annealing. The study investigates the effects of precursors and IR irradiation annealing temperatures on the electrical properties of In2 O3 TFTs. It is found that H2 O2 can help accelerate the decomposition of organic residues, while IR irradiation annealing could enhance the film densification. By employing the proposed strategy, metal oxide TFTs consisting of a Zr-Al-O dielectric fabricated at 230 °C and an In2 O3 channel layer fabricated at 185 °C demonstrated high performance with field-effect mobility = 31.7 cm2  V-1 ·s-1 , threshold voltage = 1.3 V, subthreshold swing = 0.13 V per decade, and on-to-off current ratio = 1.1 × 105 . This work demonstrates the proposed combinational strategy is a general method to fabricate not only metal oxide semiconductors but also dielectrics.

Burden of heart failure in Asia, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

OBJECTIVES: Heart failure (HF) is on the rise as a global health problem, but information on its burden in Asia is limited. This study aimed to assess the burden, trends, and underlying causes of HF in the Asian region. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data on HF in Asia from 1990 to 2019, including prevalence, years lived with disability (YLD), and underlying causes, were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. The cases, the age-standardized prevalence, and the YLD were compared between the age groups, the sexes, the sociodemographic index, and the locations. The proportion of age-standardized prevalence rates of HF attributable to 16 underlying causes was also analyzed. RESULTS: In 2019, the age-standardized prevalence rate of HF per 100,000 persons in Asia was 722.45 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 591.97-891.64), with an estimated 31.89 million cases (95% UI: 25.94-39.25). From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence of age-standardized HF in Asia decreased by 4.51%, reflecting the global trend (-7.06%). Age-standardized YLD rates of HF exhibited patterns similar to prevalence rates. Among Asian countries, China had the highest age-standardized prevalence rate, followed by Kuwait and Jordan. Hypertensive heart disease was the leading cause of HF, followed by ischemic heart disease and rheumatic heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although the burden of HF in Asia showed a gradual decline between 1990 and 2019, it remains a significant health challenge that requires increased attention. Regional disparities in HF burden are evident, emphasizing the need for urgent prevention and control measures at the regional and national levels.

Digital pathology-based artificial intelligence models for differential diagnosis and prognosis of sporadic odontogenic keratocysts.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a common jaw cyst with a high recurrence rate. OKC combined with basal cell carcinoma as well as skeletal and other developmental abnormalities is thought to be associated with Gorlin syndrome. Moreover, OKC needs to be differentiated from orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst and other jaw cysts. Because of the different prognosis, differential diagnosis of several cysts can contribute to clinical management. We collected 519 cases, comprising a total of 2 157 hematoxylin and eosin-stained images, to develop digital pathology-based artificial intelligence (AI) models for the diagnosis and prognosis of OKC. The Inception_v3 neural network was utilized to train and test models developed from patch-level images. Finally, whole slide image-level AI models were developed by integrating deep learning-generated pathology features with several machine learning algorithms. The AI models showed great performance in the diagnosis (AUC = 0.935, 95% CI: 0.898-0.973) and prognosis (AUC = 0.840, 95%CI: 0.751-0.930) of OKC. The advantages of multiple slides model for integrating of histopathological information are demonstrated through a comparison with the single slide model. Furthermore, the study investigates the correlation between AI features generated by deep learning and pathological findings, highlighting the interpretative potential of AI models in the pathology. Here, we have developed the robust diagnostic and prognostic models for OKC. The AI model that is based on digital pathology shows promise potential for applications in odontogenic diseases of the jaw.

Network pharmacology and molecular docking-based investigation of monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor attenuates traumatic brain injury by regulating aquaporin 4 expression.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and effective treatment options are currently limited. Monocyte locomotion inhibitor factor (MLIF), a small molecular pentapeptide, has demonstrated a protective effect against cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of MLIF on TBI and explore its underlying mechanism of action. In animal experiments, we observed that administration of MLIF after TBI reduced brain water content and improved brain edema, suggesting a certain degree of protection against TBI. By utilizing network pharmacology methodologies, we employed target screening techniques to identify the potential targets of MLIF in the context of TBI. As a result, we successfully enriched ten signaling pathways that are closely associated with TBI. Furthermore, using molecular docking techniques, we identified AQP4 as one of the top ten central genes discovered in this study. Eventually, our study demonstrated that MLIF exhibits anti-apoptotic properties and suppresses the expression of AQP4 protein, thus playing a protective role in traumatic brain injury. This conclusion was supported by TUNEL staining and the evaluation of Bcl-2, Bax, and AQP4 protein levels. These discoveries enhance our comprehension of the mechanisms by which MLIF exerts its protective effects and highlight its potential as a promising therapeutic intervention for TBI treatment.

Genomic alterations in oral multiple primary cancers.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations of oral MPCs. Clinicopathological data from patients with oral single primary carcinoma (SPC, n = 202) and oral MPCs (n = 34) were collected and compared. Copy number alteration (CNA) analysis was conducted to identify chromosomal-instability differences among oral MPCs, recurrent OSCC cases, and OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing was employed to identify potential unique gene mutations in oral MPCs patients. Additionally, CNA and phylogenetic tree analyses were used to gain preliminary insights into the molecular characteristics of different primary tumors within individual patients. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to oral SPC, females predominated the oral MPCs (70.59%), while smoking and alcohol use were not frequent in MPCs. Moreover, long-term survival outcomes were poorer in oral MPCs. From a CNA perspective, no significant differences were observed between oral MPCs patients and those with recurrence and lymph node metastasis. In addition to commonly mutated genes such as CASP8, TP53 and MUC16, in oral MPCs we also detected relatively rare mutations, such as HS3ST6 and RFPL4A. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that most MPCs patients exhibited similarities in certain genomic regions within individuals, and distinct differences of the similarity degree were observed between synchronous and metachronous oral MPCs.

Meta-analysis and machine learning reveal the antiobesity effects of melatonin on obese rodents.

Melatonin appears to be a promising supplement for obesity treatment. The antiobesity effects of melatonin on obese rodents are influenced by various factors, including the species, sex, the dosage of melatonin, treatment duration, administration via, daily treatment time, and initial body weight (IBW). Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and machine learning study to evaluate the antiobesity effect of melatonin on obese mice or rats from 31 publications. The results showed that melatonin significantly reduced body weight, serum glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cholesterol (TC) levels in obese mice or rats but increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Melatonin showed a slight positive effect on clock-related genes, although the number of studies was limited. Meta-regression analysis and machine learning indicated that the dosage of melatonin was the primary factor influencing body weight, with higher melatonin dosages leading to a stronger weight reduction effect. Together, male obese C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with an IBW of 100-200 g showed better body weight reduction when supplemented with a dose of 10-30 mg/kg melatonin administered at night via injection for 5-8 weeks.