Oral vs. parenteral antibiotic therapy in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic therapy is widely used for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and yet whether the efficacy of antibiotics differs based on the treatment mode remains unclear. This study aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of oral vs. parenteral administration of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of patients with CAP. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until 11 December 2021. The effectiveness of oral vs. parenteral administration of antibiotic therapy was estimated using a random-effects model. Additional sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 912 identified articles, 12 RCTs involving 2158 patients with CAP were included in our pooled analysis. This mostly included trials with low certainty and some concerns regarding risk of bias, including lack of allocation concealment and blinding of participants and personnel. Overall, oral antibiotic therapy did not affect the incidence of clinical success at the end of treatment (relative risk [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.05; P = 0.417), clinical success at follow-up (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.06; P = 0.301), or adverse events (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.56-1.35; P = 0.527). Moreover, oral antibiotic therapy had a beneficial effect on the risk of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96; P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of antibiotics is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality compared with parenteral therapy based on RCTs with low to moderate quality. This finding should be verified in further large-scale RCTs.

Preoperative and postoperative clinical signatures of postgastrectomy venous thromboembolism in patients with gastric cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify preoperative and postoperative risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after gastrectomy in gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS: 757 GC patients underwent gastrectomy at our institution and 246 patients with elevated postoperative D-dimer levels who received Doppler ultrasonography of lower/upper extremity veins were enrolled. Clinicopathological factors data were collected, and the differences in clinicopathological factors between postoperative VTE (+) and VTE (-) groups were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors of postgastrectomy VTE. RESULTS: Of 246 patients with elevated postgastrectomy D-dimer concentrations, 74 patients showed thrombosis in lower/upper extremity veins. Among preoperative factors, age, WBC level, D-dimer concentration, and blood glucose level were significantly higher in the postoperative VTE (+) group. Among the postoperative factors, hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the postoperative VTE (+) group. Among the pathological factors, tumor stage, depth of invasion and TNM classification indicated higher malignancy in the postoperative VTE (+) group. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated age, preoperative blood glucose level, postoperative hemoglobin level, tumor stage, depth of invasion, and TNM classification as the independent risk factors for postgastrectomy VTE, whereas multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age and tumor stage as independent risk factors for postgastrectomy VTE. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that age, preoperative blood glucose level, postoperative anemia, and tumor malignancy were independent risk factors for GC patients exhibiting postgastrectomy VTE. Therefore, the perioperative monitoring, assessment and management of risk factors are important in achieving better outcomes after gastrectomy.

Liver transplantation for giant hemangioma of the liver: A case report and review of the literature.

Large benign hepatic masses as a rare indication for liver transplantation have been reported less frequently. These liver transplantations are complex, with high intraoperative bleeding, high perioperative complication rates, and high mortality rates due to difficulties in visualization, especially when they have undergone various percutaneous operations or open surgery, resulting in severe perihepatic adhesions. Here is a case report of a patient admitted to our hospital who underwent liver transplantation after suffering from a giant hemangioma in liver transplantation for 10 years and who had received multiple interventional treatments ineffective in the past.

Unique characteristics of G719X and S768I compound double mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in lung cancer of coal-producing areas of East Yunnan in Southwestern China.

BACKGROUND: The principal objective of this project was to investigate the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene mutation characteristics of lung cancer patients, which can provide a molecular basis for explaining the clinicopathological features, epidemiology and use of targeted therapy in lung cancer patients in the coal-producing areas of East Yunnan. METHODOLOGY: We collected 864 pathologically confirmed lung cancer patients' specimens in First People's Hospital of Qujing City of Yunnan Province from September 2016 to September 2021. We thereafter employed Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to detect all exons present in the EGFR gene. RESULTS: The overall mutation frequency of the EGFR gene was 47.22%. The frequency of EGFR gene mutations in the tissue, plasma, and cytology samples were found to be 53.40%, 23.33%, and 62.50%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the coal-producing areas and Fuyuan county origin were significantly associated with relatively low EGFR gene mutation frequency. Female, non-smoking history, adenocarcinoma, non-brain metastasis, and tissue specimens were found to be related to high EGFR gene mutation frequency. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested the lung cancer patients in the central area of Qujing City, stage Ia, non-coal-producing areas, non-Fuyuan origin, and non-Xuanwei origin were more likely to develop EGFR gene mutations. The most common mutations were L858R point mutation (33.09%) and exon 19 deletion (19-del) (21.32%). Interestingly, the mutation frequency of G719X (p = 0.001) and G719X + S768I (p = 0.000) in the coal-producing areas were noted to be more significant than those in non-coal-producing regions. CONCLUSION: This findings of this study might be important in establishing the correlation between routine using NGS for EGFR gene mutation diagnosis and clinical practice in the lung cancer patients.

Dual-Functional Coordination Polymer with High Proton Conductivity and a Low-Detection-Limit Fluorescent Probe.

A coordination polymer with dual functions of high proton conductivity and highly sensitive fluorescent sensors demonstrates a great application potential. In this work, a cadmium-based coordination polymer (denoted as CP 1) with hydrothermal stability was synthesized. The abundant coordination water, lattice water, and amino groups make an extended hydrogen-bonding pathway for efficient proton migration, which endows CP 1 with the highest proton conductivity of 2.41 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at 353 K and 98% RH. Especially, the proton conductivity of the chitosan (CS) hybrid membrane containing CP 1 reaches a maximum value of 2.62 × 10-2 S·cm-1 under 343 K and 98% RH, which increases almost 7 times higher than that of the pure CS membrane due to the host-guest collaboration. Furthermore, luminescence studies revealed that CP 1 is a high-sensitivity and good-selectivity fluorescent probe for the detection of trace amounts of l-histidine with a lowest detection limit of 1.0 × 10-8 M.

Isoquercitrin Upregulates Aldolase C Through Nrf2 to Ameliorate OGD/R-Induced Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Isoquercitrin (ISO), an extract from Chinese traditional herb, exhibits potent neuroprotective roles in various disease models. However, its role in stroke is not fully understood. We established oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in SH-SY5Y cell to study the roles of ISO in stroke. In the experiment, the changes of LDH level and cell viability (MTT) were analyzed. Apoptotic cells stained with anti-Annexin V antibody and propidium iodide (PI) were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein level of aldolase C (ALDOC) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting assay, respectively. The localization of Nrf2 was investigated by immunofluorescent assay. OGD/R reduced cell viability via inducing cell apoptosis, while ISO treatment reduced the level of apoptosis in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells ISO rescued OGD/R-treated cells. Mechanistically, the expression of Nrf2 and ALDOC was upregulated upon ISO treatment, while knockdown of ALDOC diminished the activation of autophagy and hence inhibited ISO-mediated protective activity. We further demonstrated that ISO enhanced ALDOC transcription by promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and suppression of Nrf2 decreased the expression of ALDOC. Our data revealed that ISO exhibited neuroprotective activity in OGD/R model through Nrf2-ALDOC-autopagy axis and highlighted the potential application of ISO in stroke treatment.

The protective effects of yellow tea extract against loperamide-induced constipation in mice.

Yellow tea, a rare type tea from China, has a rich breadth of functional ingredients and benefits the gastrointestinal tract. However, it is not clear whether the yellow tea extract can alleviate constipation. Therefore, we used loperamide-induced constipation in mice to evaluate the effects of yellow tea extract. Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal, model, low-dose yellow tea extract, low-dose yellow tea extract prevention group, and high-dose yellow tea extract prevention group. Mice were administered yellow tea extract for 5 weeks followed by loperamide-induced constipation for the final 2 weeks. The results showed that yellow tea extract alleviated constipation symptoms by improving the fecal water content, defecation weight, and gastrointestinal transit rate. Yellow tea extract intervention also protected colon tissue, regulated serum neurotransmitters, and decreased the vasoactive intestinal peptide level. Furthermore, qRT-PCR indicated that yellow tea extract regulated genes associated with the constipation state, raised 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 and reduced AQP3 and AQP4 mRNA expression. Moreover, we found that yellow tea extract changed the gut microbiota composition. Community diversity and richness were increased and principal co-ordinate analysis demonstrated that the yellow tea extract prophylaxis groups differed from the model group. Difference analysis indicated that yellow tea extract increased Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Bifidobacterium and decreased norank_f_Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, unclassified_o_Bacteroidales, and Bacteroides, which are correlated with constipation. Based on these results, we believe that regular yellow tea consumption can effectively alleviate constipation.

Migraine with Brainstem Aura Accompanied by Disorders of Consciousness.

Migraine with brainstem aura (MBA) accompanied by disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a rare subtype of migraine. The pathophysiology of MBA with DOC has not been elucidated yet. Some patients have a family history of migraine, and women are more affected than men. The aura symptoms are diverse; however, when MBA is combined with DOC, the clinical manifestations are more complicated. Coma is the most common clinical manifestation. The overall duration of the patient's DOC is short and can often return to normal within half an hour. Headache often occurs after regaining consciousness and can also occur at the same time as DOC. The most common headache is located at the occipital region. Although DOC is reversible, considering the current small number of cases, we still need to improve our understanding of the disease to avoid misdiagnosis. The MBA patient's electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow perfusion may have transient changes and may return to normal in the interictal period or after the DOC. Although triptans have traditionally been contraindicated in MBA under drug instructions, the evidence of basilar artery constriction, as postulated in MBA, is lacking. Lasmiditan is currently the first and only 5-HT 1F receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists and monoclonal antibody therapies may be the most promising for future consideration. Here, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and treatment progress for MBA with DOC are reviewed.

Simultaneous Conduction and Valence Band Regulation of Indium-Based Quantum Dots for Efficient H2 Photogeneration.

Indium-based chalcogenide semiconductors have been served as the promising candidates for solar H2 evolution reaction, however, the related studies are still in its infancy and the enhancement of efficiency remains a grand challenge. Here, we report that the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of quantized indium chalcogenide semiconductors could be dramatically aroused by the co-decoration of transition metal Zn and Cu. Different from the traditional metal ion doping strategies which only focus on narrowing bandgap for robust visible light harvesting, the conduction and valence band are coordinately regulated to realize the bandgap narrowing and the raising of thermodynamic driving force for proton reduction, simultaneously. Therefore, the as-prepared noble metal-free Cu0.4-ZnIn2S4 quantum dots (QDs) exhibits extraordinary activity for photocatalytic H2 evolution. Under optimal conditions, the Cu0.4-ZnIn2S4 QDs could produce H2 with the rate of 144.4 µmol h-1 mg-1, 480-fold and 6-fold higher than that of pristine In2S3 QDs and Cu-doped In2S3 QDs counterparts respectively, which is even comparable with the state-of-the-art cadmium chalcogenides QDs.

Oleanolic Acid Inhibits Neuronal Pyroptosis in Ischaemic Stroke by Inhibiting miR-186-5p Expression.

Ischaemic stroke is a common condition leading to human disability and death. Previous studies have shown that oleanolic acid (OA) ameliorates oxidative injury and cerebral ischaemic damage, and miR-186-5p is verified to be elevated in serum from ischaemic stroke patients. Herein, we investigated whether OA regulates miR-186-5p expression to control neuroglobin (Ngb) levels, thereby inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis in ischaemic stroke. Three concentrations of OA (0.5, 2, or 8 µM) were added to primary hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), a cell model of ischaemic stroke. We found that OA treatment markedly inhibited pyroptosis. qRT-PCR and western blot revealed that OA suppressed the expression of pyroptosis-associated genes. Furthermore, OA inhibited LDH and proinflammatory cytokine release. In addition, miR-186-5p was downregulated while Ngb was upregulated in OA-treated OGD/R neurons. MiR-186-5p knockdown repressed OGD/R-induced pyroptosis and suppressed LDH and inflammatory cytokine release. In addition, a dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-186-5p directly targeted Ngb. OA reduced miR-186-5p to regulate Ngb levels, thereby inhibiting pyroptosis in both OGD/R-treated neurons and MCAO mice. In conclusion, OA alleviates pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro by downregulating miR-186-5p and upregulating Ngb expression, which provides a novel theoretical basis illustrating that OA can be considered a drug for ischaemic stroke.

[Analysis of Water Quality Change and Its Driving Factors of the Xiaoqing River Estuary in Recent Ten Rears].

According to the monitoring data of pollutant concentration in the Xiaoqing River estuary from 2008 to 2017, 13 pollutants affecting water quality were selected. The trends of changes in water quality were identified mainly by the pollution index method, and the driving factors affecting water quality changes were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by the Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis method and the principal component analysis. The results showed that the water quality of the Xiaoqing River estuary was improved and the pollution was greatly reduced from 2008 to 2017. The pollution factors were still above the limits to varying degrees; COD and petroleum were the most serious pollutants, TP came second, and the remaining pollutants basically met the water quality standards of the Ⅲ. The pollution degree of petroleum, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, and As showed an overall downward trend, and the pollution degree of TP, NO3--N, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Cr6+ showed an upward trend to different degrees. Social and economic factors were the main driving factors affecting the water quality of the Xiaoqing River. The discharge of pollutants and the changes in land use type led to serious water pollution overall in the Xiaoqing River, whereas the improvement of sewage treatment rate and the implementation of water environmental protection policy were the main factors affecting the water quality improvement of the Xiaoqing River. Natural factors were the secondary driving factors affecting the water quality of the Xiaoqing River. Climate and hydrological factors, such as temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation, and instantaneous runoff, also indirectly affected the water quality to different degrees.

Species discrimination and total polyphenol prediction of porcini mushrooms by fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis.

The plateau specialty agricultural products, wild porcini mushrooms, have great value both as a superb cuisine and as a potential medication. Due to quality different between species added with the fraud behavior in sales process, make poor quality or poisonous sample inflow into the market, which pose a health risk for consumers, but also disrupted the mushroom market. Traditional analysis way is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a way using fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectrometry and data fusion strategies for the fast and accurate species discrimination and predict amount of total polyphenol in four porcini mushrooms. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding based on mid-level data fusion showed two species of Boletus edulis and B. umbriniporus have been identified. The order of correct rate of PLS-DA models was mid-level data fusionq (100%) > mid-level data fusione (97.06%) = mid-level data fusionv (97.06%) = stipes (97.06%) > low-level data fusion (94.12%) > caps (91.18%). The order of correct rate of grid-search support vector machine models was low-level data fusion (100%) > caps (94.12%) > stipes (91.18%), and the order of particle swarm optimization support vector machine was low-level data fusion (100%) > caps (97.06%) > stipes (88.24%). The mid-level data fusionq and low-level data fusion had best discrimination accuracy (100%) allowing each mushroom classed into its real species, which could be used for accurate discrimination of samples. B. edulis mushrooms had highest total polyphenol, with 14.76 mg/g dw and 17.33 in caps and stipes mg/g dw, respectively. The phenols were easier to accumulate in the caps in Leccinum rugosiceps (1.03) and B. tomentipes (1.19), and the opposite phenomenon is observed in B. edulis (0.85) and B. umbriniporus (0.95). The correlation coefficient and residual predictive deviation of best prediction model were 86.76% and 2.40%, respectively, indicating that that there is good relevance between FT-MIR and total polyphenol content, which could be used to predict roughly polyphenols content in mushrooms.

[HDMF]Cl-based DES as highly efficient extractants and catalysts for oxidative desulfurization of model oil.

N,N-Dimethylformamide hydrochloric acid/XMCl n ([HDMF]Cl/XMCl n , M = Zn or Fe, n = 2 or 3) was synthesized by stirring the mixture of [HDMF]Cl and metal chloride. [HDMF]Cl-based DES was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The oxidative desulfurization activity was investigated using [HDMF]Cl/0.2FeCl3 and [HDMF]Cl/ZnCl2 as the extractant and catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant. The desulfurization rate can reach up to 98.08% and 99.2% for DBT using [HDMF]Cl/0.2FeCl3 and [HDMF]Cl/ZnCl2, respectively. After recycling for 7 times, the removal rate of DBT still can reach more than 97%.

A Case of Coenurosis in a Wild Rabbit (Lepus sinensis) Caused by Taenia serialis Metacestode in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

Six cystic metacestodes were found in the abdominal muscles of a wild rabbit, Lepus sinensis, in China. The coenurus contained one or more scolices armed with hooklets. Mitochondrial cox1 (1,623 bp) confirmed 98% homology with cox1 of Taenia serialis. This is the first report of T. serialis infection in an intermediate host in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

The First Case of Diarrhoea in Tibetan Sheep, Ovis aries, Caused by Balantidium coli in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.

This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was 80-180 × 70-150 µm and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.

Detection of Giardia duodenalis assemblage E infections at the Tibetan Plateau Area: Yaks are suitable hosts.

The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) assemblages in yaks is poorly known. The present study examined 297 fecal samples from weaned yak, 4-7 months of age, from 3 different farms, in Tibetan Plateau Area (TPA) of the Qinghai Province in Western China. The prevalence of infection was determined by light and immunofluorescence microscopy, and nested-PCR. PCR was performed for the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU) amplified 16 positive for G. duodenalis products. The prevalence of Giardia species was 5.0% (15/297) on light microscopic analysis, 6.1% (18/297) on immunofluorescence test (IFT) and 5.4% (16/297) on nested-PCR. The overall prevalence with the three methods was 5.5%. Ten of the 16 PCR products have been successfully sequenced. Sequence results and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA sequence data using MEGA5.0 and DNAstar7.0 identified all samples of interest as G. duodenalis assemblage E. This study revealed for the first time the presence of G. duodenalis in yaks from the Qinghai province in China and confirmed that yak is a suitable host for Giardia parasites. The results provide useful information about G. duodenalis prevalence and the epidemiological significance of yak a suitable host to harbor Giardia infections.

[Research progress in receptors involved in rotavirus infection].

Rotaviruses, which are recognized as one of the major etiological agents among infants and young children with diarrhea, consist of three concentric layers of protein capsid with the enclosed double-stranded RNA genome. Rotaviruses infect host cells mainly by identifying the specific receptors on cell surfaces and binding to them. Therefore, receptors are important factors for viruses infecting cells. So far, there have been many receptors found to be involved in rotavirus infection, including sialic acid, integrin, Toll-like receptor, and blood group antigen. This article provides an overview of receptors involved in rotavirus infection.

[Whole genome analysis of human group A rotavirus G9p[8] strains in Hebei lulong region, 2009-2011].

Abstract:This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics of group A rotavirus (GARV) G9P[8] strains from infantile diarrhea samples in Hebei Lulong region from 2009 to 2011. We randomly selected five GARV G9P[8] strains in Hebei Lulong region from 2009 to 2011, amplified the 11 gene fragments of GARVs by RT-PCR, and analyz their full-genome sequences by homology and phylogenetic analysis with DNAStar and MEGA. The nucleotide homology between strains LL11131077 and LL11131083 in 2011 was significantly higher than hat etween them and the other three strains in 2009 and 2010. The G9P[8] GARVs circulating in Hebei Lulong region from 2009 to 2011 elenged to the same genotype as the prevalent G9P[8] GARVs in other parts of the world. However,the two strains in 2011, compared with those in 2009 and 2010, were located in a different sub-branch of the phylogenetic tree and had amino acid mutations at many sites.

Identification of wild soybean miRNAs and their target genes responsive to aluminum stress.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in development and stress response in plants. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) has undergone long-term natural selection and may have evolved special mechanisms to survive stress conditions as a result. However, little information about miRNAs especially miRNAs responsive to aluminum (Al) stress is available in wild soybean. RESULTS: Two small RNA libraries and two degradome libraries were constructed from the roots of Al-treated and Al-free G. soja seedlings. For miRNA identification, a total of 7,287,655 and 7,035,914 clean reads in Al-treated and Al-free small RNAs libraries, respectively, were generated, and 97 known miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs were identified. In addition, 49 p3 or p5 strands of known miRNAs were found. Among all the identified miRNAs, the expressions of 30 miRNAs were responsive to Al stress. Through degradome sequencing, 86 genes were identified as targets of the known miRNAs and five genes were found to be the targets of the novel miRNAs obtained in this study. Gene ontology (GO) annotations of target transcripts indicated that 52 target genes cleaved by conserved miRNA families might play roles in the regulation of transcription. Additionally, some genes, such as those for the auxin response factor (ARF), domain-containing disease resistance protein (NB-ARC), leucine-rich repeat and toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like protein (LRR-TIR) domain protein, cation transporting ATPase, Myb transcription factors, and the no apical meristem (NAM) protein, that are known to be responsive to stress, were found to be cleaved under Al stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS: A number of miRNAs and their targets were detected in wild soybean. Some of them that were responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by Al stress. These findings provide valuable information to understand the function of miRNAs in Al tolerance.

Pseudonocardia bannaensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L.

During the course of our research on new actinobacterial sources, a novel actinomycete strain YIM 63101(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed well-differentiated aerial and substrate mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 63101(T) belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, with highest similarity to "Pseudonocardia artemisiae YIM 63587(T)" (99.4%). Sequence similarities between strain YIM 63101(T) and the other Pseudonocardia species ranged from 97.0 (Pseudonocardia saturnea IMSNU 20052(T)) to 94.0% (Pseudonocardia compacta IMSNU 20111(T)). The chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as cell wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and the major menaquinones suggested that the organism belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 69.4 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization results, it is proposed that strain YIM 63101(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, named Pseudonocardia bannaensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 63101(T) (= CCTCC AA 208077 (T) = DSM 45300(T)).