Strategies to decrease bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been performed clinically for more than 20 years. However, the incidence of bile duct injury (BDI) remains high despite attempts to prevent and reduce it. The aim of this study was to use an intraoperative unfavorable factors ratings system to identify unfavorable intraoperative factors and evaluate the effectiveness of application of the system in reducing BDI during LC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and December 2010, 780 patients who underwent LC were reviewed retrospectively, including 384 LC patients without graded treatment of intraoperative unfavorable factors (GTIUF) during 2009 and 396 LC patients with routine GTIUF during 2010. RESULTS: BDI was decreased significantly after routine GTIUF (5 cases without GTIUF versus 0 cases with routine GTIUF; P=.029). There was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity and mortality between the two groups. The mean operation duration of the routine GTIUF group was prolonged significantly (P<.0001). Laparoscopic cholecystitis grading, GTIUF, and doctor's experience were important factors affecting the duration of operation (P<.0001, P<.0001, and P<.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: GTIUF is an effective method that emphasizes identification of the course of the extrahepatic bile duct and reduces the occurrence of BDI, especially for inexperienced operators.

Studies on chemical constituents in the leaf of Ligustrum delavayanum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in the leaf of Ligustrum delavayanum Hariot.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated with column chromatographies and the structures were identified by MS, IR, UV and NMR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol, oleanic acid, 2 alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, and acteoside.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.</p>