[Principles of "ecological living water" to purify sewage and its application in black and smelly water treatment of Yangzhou].

To explore the fundamental way of black and odorous water treatment, based on the study of the purification function of natural water body and the analysis of root cause and direct cause of black and odorous water body, we elaborated the scientific connotation and ecological function of "ecological living water", and fully revealed the scientific principle and technical advantages of "ecological living water" for sewage treatment. "Ecological living water" was the original ecological water control in situ. Through the rapid water reaeration, the micro-ecosystem of living water was created. Meanwhile, with the support of micro-speed circulating water, the continuous and efficient purification was realized. The practice of black and odorous water treatment in Yangzhou showed that, 3-5 days after the treatment of "ecological living water", the black and odorous water was completely eliminated and transformed into "green water". 15-20 days after the treatment, water quality reached the national surface water class 3 water standard. Therefore, "ecological living water" may be a kind of sustainable water control technology system with investment of less resources and equipment, fast pollution control speed, low operation cost, good water control effect and both symptoms and treatment.

Multidisciplinary effort in treating children with hepatoblastoma in China.

The purpose of this study is to report the first nationwide protocol (Wuhan Protocol) developed by Chinese Children's Cancer Group and the results of multidisciplinary effort in treating hepatoblastoma. In this study, we reported the final analysis, which includes 153 hepatoblastoma patients in 13 hospitals from January 2006 to December 2013. The 6-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 83.3 ± 3.1% and 71.0 ± 3.7%, respectively, in this cohort. The univariate analysis revealed that female (P = 0.027), under 5 years of age (P = 0.039), complete surgical resection (P = 0.000), no metastases (P = 0.000), and delayed surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.000) had better prognosis. In multivariate analysis, male, 5 years of age or above, stage PRETEXT III or IV, and incomplete surgical resection were among the some adverse factors contributing to poor prognosis. The preliminary results from this study showed that patients who underwent treatment following Wuhan Protocol had similar OS and EFS rates compared to those in developed countries. However, the protocol remains to be further optimized in standardizing surgical resection (including liver transplantation), refining risk stratification and risk-based chemotherapy.

Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for erectile dysfunction in diabetic men: A meta analysis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with diabetes mellitus and provide some evidence for the clinical treatment of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched MedMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Data, VIP and ZADL for randomized controlled trials on PDE-5 inhibitors for ED in diabetic men and evaluated the methodology of the included trials with the Jadad scale. We used the erectile function domain in the IIEF (IIEF-EF), IIEF questions (IIEF-Q) 3 and 4, SEP-2 and -3, and Global Assessment Questions (GAQ) as the main evaluation indexes and employed the Review Manager 5. 1. 0 software for meta analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 13 studies were included, which were all high quality trials with Jadad score > 3. The IIEF-EF scores in 10 of the included studies were subjected to meta analysis using the random-effect model (REM), with a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 5.64 (95% CI 4.41 - 6.83, P < 0.001). The fixed-effect model (FEM) analysis of the IIEF-Q scores in 6 of the studies showed the WMD to be 0.96 (95% CI 0.83 -1.08, P < 0.001) for IIEF-Q3 and 1.11 (95% CI 0.98 - 1.25, P < 0.001) for IIEF-Q4. FEM analysis of the SEP-2 scores showed WMD = 17.67 (95% CI 12. 38 - 22. 97, P < 0.001) in 2 of the studies, and that of the SEP-3 scores WMD = 23.64 (95% CI 17. 49 - 29.79, P < 0.001) in 5 of the studies. The GAQ scores in 11 of the studies were subjected to REM analysis, with OR = 6. 20 and 95% CI 3.65 - 10.52 (P < 0.001). REM analysis was performed on the adverse reactions in 11 of the studies, with OR = 7.43 and 95% CI 4.11 - 13.44 (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PDE-5 inhibitors can effectively and safely improve erectile function in patients with diabetes mellitus.</p>

High ligation of the spermatic vein and sperm DNA fragmentation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of high ligation of the spermatic vein (HLSV) on DNA fragmentation in varicocele (VC) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four VC patients underwent HLSV. Sperm motion indexes and the results of papanicolaou staining and DNA fragmentation detection were analyzed before and 3 months after the operation according to the WHO guidelines.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with pre-operation, HLSV achieved a significant increase in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P < 0.01), and remarkable decreases in DNA fragmentation, sperm deformity index (SDI) and multiple anomalies index (MAI) (P < 0.01). The patients also showed significant increases in sperm concentration and the percentages of grade b sperm (P < 0.05) and grade a and a + b sperm (P < 0.01) after the operation. The post-operative percentages of sperm DNA fragmentation in those with grades I - III VC were markedly lower (P < 0.01), but showed no significant difference from that in those with subclinical VC (P > 0.05). The percentage of big-halo sperm was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while those of the medium-, small- and non-halo sperm remarkably decreased (P < 0.01) after HLSV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLSV can effectively improve the sperm quality of VC patients.</p>