Discrimination and quantification of volatile compounds in beer by FTIR combined with machine learning approaches.

The composition of volatile compounds in beer is crucial to the quality of beer. Herein, we identified 23 volatile compounds, namely, 12 esters, 4 alcohols, 5 acids, and 2 phenols, in nine different beer types using GC-MS. By performing PCA of the data of the flavor compounds, the different beer types were well discriminated. Ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, and phenylethyl alcohol were identified as the crucial volatile compounds to discriminate different beers. PLS regression analysis was performed to model and predict the contents of six crucial volatile compounds in the beer samples based on the characteristic wavelength of the FTIR spectrum. The R2 value of each sample in the prediction model was 0.9398-0.9994, and RMSEP was 0.0122-0.7011. The method proposed in this paper has been applied to determine flavor compounds in beer samples with good consistency compared with GC-MS.

Purification and identification of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides from enzymatic hydrolysate of α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein.

The development of food-derived Xanthine Oxidase (XO) inhibitors is critical to the treatment of hyperuricemia and oxidative stress-related disease. Few studies report on milk protein hydrolysates' XO inhibitory activity, with the mechanism of their interaction remaining elusive. Here, different commercial enzymes were used to hydrolyze α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein. The two proteins hydrolyzed by alkaline protease exhibited the most potent XO inhibitory activity (bovine casein: IC50 = 0.13 mg mL-1; α-lactalbumin: IC50 = 0.28 mg mL-1). Eight potential XO inhibitory peptides including VYPFPGPI, GPVRGPFPIIV, VYPFPGPIPN, VYPFPGPIHN, QLKRFSFRSFIWR, LVYPFPGPIHN, AVFPSIVGR, and GFININSLR (IC50 of 4.67-8.02 mM) were purified and identified from alkaline protease hydrolysates by using gel filtration, LC-MS/MS and PeptideRanker. The most important role of inhibiting activity of peptides is linked to hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding based on the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The enzymatic hydrolysate of α-lactalbumin and bovine colostrum casein could be a competitive candidates for hyperuricemia-resisting functional food.

Real-time identification and early warning on drug-resistant bacteria by information technology / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To explore the method of real-time identification and early warning of drug-resistant bacteria through information technology, timely obtain information about drug-resistant bacteria in clinic.Methods Interface of Hospital Information System (HIS), Laboratory Information Management System (LIS) and healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance system were reconstructed in 2015, HL7 was used as interface framework to design standard, LIS was as baseline data source and HIS as patient information database, multi-information exchange was implemented on the commonly used interface, identification and early warning of detected drug-resistant bacteria was conducted, identification of drug-resistant bacteria before and after informationization was compared.Results Through the information construction, the information interface showed that the rules of drug-resistant bacteria determination can be changed at will, data results were more accurate and timely.The judgment time of manual review was reduced from 30 minutes to 2 minutes every day, information of drug-resistant bacteria can be obtained timely and conveniently on any internal network computer by clinical staff.After timely identification and intervention of drug-resistant bacteria, 284, 289 and 309 strains of drug-resistant bacteria were detected in key departments of HAI control in 2015-2017, drug-resistant bacteria per 1 000 bed-day were 9.23‰ (284/30 773), 8.91‰ (289/32 429), and 8.34‰ (309/37 031) respectively, with a slight decrease.Conclusion Through information technology, drug-resistant bacteria can be found timely, and new drug-resistant bacteria can be identified and intervened in time, so as to effectively reduce the infection rate of drug-resistant bacteria.

Attitudes towards acceptance of an innovative home-based and remote sensing rehabilitation protocol among cardiovascular patients in Shantou, China.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) protocols have diversified to include home-based cardiac tele-rehabilitation (HBCTR) as an alternative to hospital-based or center-based CR. To adopt the use of home-based cardiac tele-rehabilitation, it is necessary to assess cardiac patients' attitudes towards acceptance of such e-health technology, especially in China where knowledge of such technology is deficient. METHODS: Interviews were conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China. After percutaneous coronary interventional (PCI) surgery, patients completed the survey. RESULTS: Among the 150 patients, only 13% had ever heard of HBCTR. After an introduction of our HBCTR program, 60% of patients were willing to participate in the program. From our multivariate analysis of questionnaire data, age (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98; P = 0.007), average family monthly income (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.34; P < 0.001), education level (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.59; P = 0.002) and physical exercise time (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.56; P = 0.003) were independent predictors for acceptance of HBCTR. From the reasons for participation, patients selected: enhanced safety and independence (28.3%), ability to self-monitor physical conditions daily (25.4%), and having automatic and emergency alert (23.1%). Reasons for refusal were: too cumbersome operation (34.3%) and unnecessary protocol (19.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients lacked knowledge about HBCTR but volunteered to participate after they have learned about the program. Several personal and life-style factors influenced their acceptance of the program. These indicate that both improvement of technology and better understanding of the program will enhance active participation.

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus among Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Two Chinese Hospitals / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Staphylococcus aureus is one of the predominant causes of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), but limited data were available regarding the characterization of S. aureus from SSTIs patients in Jiangsu Province in China. We aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus among SSTIs patients in two hospitals of Jiangsu Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-two patients with SSTIs from two Chinese hospitals in Jiangsu Province were enrolled in this study, and 62 S. aureus isolates were collected from February 2014 to January 2015. S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, toxin gene detection, and molecular typing with sequence type, Staphylococcus protein A gene type, accessory gene regulator (agr) group, and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec t ype.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixteen (25.8%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected, and there was no isolate found resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and linezolid. The sei was the toxin gene most frequently found, and no lukS/F-PV-positive isolates were detected among the SSTIs' patients. Molecular analysis revealed that ST398 (10/62, 16.1%; 2 MRSA and 8 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus) to be the dominant clone, followed by ST5 (8/62, 12.9%) and ST7 (8/62, 12.9%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The livestock ST398 was the most common clone among patients with S. aureus SSTIs in Jiangsu Province, China. Surveillance and further studies on the important livestock ST398 clone in human infections are necessarily requested.</p>

Sling exercise for chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Trials on sling exercise (SE), commonly performed to manage chronic low back pain (LBP), yield conflicting results. This study aimed to review the effects of SE on chronic LBP. METHODS: The randomized controlled trials comparing SE with other treatments or no treatment, published up to August 2013, were identified by electronic searches. Primary outcomes were pain, function, and return to work. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Risk of bias was rated as high in 9 included trials, where some important quality components such as blinding were absent and sample sizes were generally small. We found no clinically relevant differences in pain or function between SE and other forms of exercise, traditional Chinese medical therapy, or in addition to acupuncture. Based on two trials, SE was more effective than thermomagnetic therapy at reducing pain (short-term: WMD -13.90, 95% CI -22.19 to -5.62; long-term: WMD -26.20, 95% CI -31.32 to -21.08) and improving function (short-term: WMD -10.54, 95% CI -14.32 to -6.75; long-term: WMD -25.75, 95% CI -30.79 to -20.71). In one trial we found statistically significant differences between SE and physical agents combined with drug therapy (meloxicam combined with eperisone hydrochloride) but of borderline clinical relevance for pain (short-term: WMD -15.00, 95% CI -19.64 to -10.36) and function (short-term: WMD -10.00; 95% CI -13.70 to -6.30). There was substantial heterogeneity among the two trials comparing SE and thermomagnetic therapy; both these trials and the trial comparing SE with physical agents combined with drug therapy had serious methodological limitations. INTERPRETATION: Based on limited evidence from 2 trials, SE was more effective for LBP than thermomagnetic therapy. Clinically relevant differences in effects between SE and other forms of exercise, physical agents combined with drug therapy, traditional Chinese medical therapy, or in addition to acupuncture could not be found. More high-quality randomized trials on the topic are warranted.

Sources of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) is an important and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen worldwide. This study was conducted to identify the sources of MDRAB and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a prospective active surveillance study of MDRAB in three ICUs at a Chinese Hospital from April to August 2011, to identify the sources of MDRAB and its role in respiratory tract colonization and nosocomial pneumonia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and fourteen (13.0%) MDRAB isolates were detected from 876 specimens, with a sensitivity of 11.6% (55/474) in screening of the pharyngeal and tracheal swabs, and 14.7% (59/402) of the sputum/endotracheal aspirates. MDRAB colonization/infection was found in 34 (26.8%) of 127 patients, including 16 (12.6%) cases of pure colonization and 18 (14.2%) cases of pneumonia (two pre-ICU-acquired cases of pneumonia and 16 ICU-acquired cases of pneumonia). Previous respiratory tract MDRAB colonization was found in 22 (17.3%) patients: eight (6.3%) were pre-ICU-acquired colonization and 14 (11.0%) ICU-acquired colonization. Of eight pre-ICU-colonized patients, five were transferred from other wards or hospitals with hospitalization > 72 hours, and three came from the community with no previous hospitalization. Overall, 6/22 colonized patients presented with secondary pneumonia; only two (9.1%) colonized MDRAB strains were associated with secondary infections. Respiratory tract MDRAB colonization had no significant relationship with nosocomial pneumonia (P = 0.725). In addition, acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, renal failure, and prior carbapenem use were risk factors for MDRAB colonization/infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A high proportion of cases of MDRAB colonization/infection in ICU patients were detected through screening cultures. About one-third were acquired from general wards and the community before ICU admission. The low incidence of MDRAB colonization-related pneumonia questions the appropriateness of targeted antibiotic therapy.</p>

An enantioselective convergent route to pamamycin 621A.

An effective approach to the total synthesis of natural antibiotic pamamycin 621A is described, in which the stereogenic centers at the C-13 and C-15 were taken from a chiral building block derived from the inexpensive D-glucolactone while all others (except the C-10) were installed via chiral auxiliary-induced asymmetric Evans/Crimmins aldol reactions. In the synthesis of the smaller/lower fragment, an antiselective Evans aldol condensation was found to occur only if a stoichiometric (rather than catalytic as reported in the literature) amount of magnesium chloride was present. A previously unknown effect of the steric bulkiness of the pyridine base employed on the stereochemical outcome of the formation of the THF ring in the presence of a chiral auxiliary was also observed. The THF rings in the larger/upper fragment were similarly synthesized with a high level of stereoselectivity from a linear precursor carrying a chiral auxiliary via intramolecular O-alkylations, most notably even under acidic conditions. The basic dimethylamino functionality at the C-15 was installed at the final stage of the whole synthesis, with those otherwise unavoidable side reactions in the conversion of the azido group effectively circumvented through using a very mild yet largely forgotten tributyltin reduction protocol.

Formation of bacterial biofilm on deep vein catheters in burn patients and its significance / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the biofilm (BF) formation of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) on the surface of deep vein catheters in burn patients after infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The bacteria from deep vein catheters in 20 patients hospitalized from November 2008 to August 2009 were isolated, and were compared with their respective standard stains. Catheters tips were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The semi-quantitative adhesion assay of bacterial BF was performed with modified microtiter-plate test, and the thickness of BF was scanned and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after double fluorescence staining, after being cultured in vitro for 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 5 days, respectively. Data were processed with grouped t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six strains of SA, 8 strains of AB, and 6 strains of PA, all drug resistant, were isolated from the deep vein catheters. SEM showed that the BF structures on the inner surfaces of catheters were in diverse in their shape and degree, characterized by adherence and flake formation, and embedded in polysaccharide matrix. BF gathered in clusters, forming three-dimensional structure, in which small amount of red blood cells were found. A small number of bacteria were incompletely embedded, with some bacteria adhered to them. The absorbance values for SA after 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture (PCH) were above the cut-off value, the same for AB at PCH 12, 24, 48 and 72, and PA after PCH 48. Except for PA standard strain, CLSM showed scattered green fluorescence, mainly close to the bottom of plate, while the red fluorescence was observed in full scope at PCH 24 for each strain. At PCH 48 green fluorescence increased obviously and extended upward from the bottom, overlapping partly with red fluorescence, forming yellow fluorescence, and among the bacteria it was most obvious in AB culture, with SA the next. Compared with those of the standard stains, the intensity and quantity of fluorescence from the clinical strains were stronger; at PCH 72 the green fluorescence increased obviously especially for PA and its standard strain, while the yellow fluorescence was full of the scope for other strains. On in vitro culture day 5, the green fluorescence was dispersed and was obvious on the bottom of the plate. BF mature time for AB and SA was PCH 48, and for PA was PCH 72. The BF thickness of AB was (18.2 +/- 3.6) microm at PCH 72, which was thicker than that [(9.4 +/- 2.6) microm] of its standard strain (t = 5.42, P < 0.05), and was also the thickest among the three clinically found strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SA, AB and PA, which are commonly found bacteria in burn patients, can form BF in deep vein catheters. Their ability to form BF seems to be stronger than other usually pathogenic strains, especially AB, which is the important pathogen leading to catheter related infection.</p>

[Timing of operation and therapeutic effect of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the optimal timing of operation and the therapeutic effect of endoscopic optic nerve decompression for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). METHODS: The clinical records of 90 consecutive patients with TON (93 eyes) after head and/or maxillofacial trauma from April 1998 to March 2007 were reviewed and analyzed. All patients were either unresponsive or intolerant to medication before they underwent intranasal endoscopic optic nerve decompression. The time interval between the injury and operation ranged from one day to 97 days (median 5.5 days). Among the 93 eyes, there were 71 eyes with no visual acuity before operation and 22 eyes with residue visual acuity, including light perception in 1 eye, hand movement in 5 eyes, counting fingers in 13 eyes, 0.04 in 1 eye, and 0.1 in 2 eyes. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6 days to two years (median 8 days). RESULTS: After decompression, 35 patients (36/93 eyes, 38.7%) showed improvement of visual acuity, 53 patients (55 eyes, 59.1%) remained the same as before operation, while 2 patients (2 eyes, 2.2%) showed decreased visual acuity. Among patients with visual acuity beyond light perception before decompression, 68.2% of them (15/22 eyes) experienced visual improvement, whereas only 22.9% (8/35 eyes, 0.02 in two eyes) among patients who lost visual acuity immediately after injury, and 36.1% (13/36 eyes, 0.02 in five eyes) among those who lost visual acuity gradually after injury. There was a significant difference in visual improvement between group with visual acuity and group with no visual acuity (chi(2) = 11.864, P < 0.01). Among patients with no visual acuity, 41.2% of those (7/17 eyes) who underwent operation within 3 days of injury, experienced improvement in visual acuity, compared with 25.9% (14/54 eyes) for those who underwent the operation more than 3 days after injury. It was indicated that no significant difference in visual improvement between these two groups (chi(2) = 1.46, P > 0.05). When comparing different sites of fracture, the effect of surgery was the most desirable (55.6%, 10/18 eyes improved) if the fracture occurred simultaneously in both exterior and interior walls of optic canal, followed by the interior wall fracture (45.7%, 21/46 eyes). The operation was less effective if there was no fraction (20%, 4/20 eyes) or if the fracture occurred in exterior wall alone (11.1%, 1/9 eyes). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic optic nerve decompression is a minimally invasive procedure with no adverse cosmetic effects. Early operation is recommended for saving vision, even though visual acuity is lost immediately after injury. However, the satisfactory clinical effects of endoscopic optic nerve decompression require further study.

Analysis of the molecular epidemiology and distribution of pathogenic bacteria in burn wards of Ruijin Hospital from 2004 to 2006 / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the distribution, drug resistance and epidemiology of pathogenic bacteria in the burn wards of Ruijin Hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventeen strains of Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 52 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and 11 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) isolated from the wound secretion, venous catheters, blood, urine and stool etc. were collected from burn patients hospitalized in our department from January 2004 to December 2006. The distribution and the drug resistance profile of bacteria were analyzed, and the homology analysis was performed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MRSA, PA and AB were the major strains in our burn wards in recent years, of which Staphylococcus aureus (SA) was the most dominant. During these 3 years, MRSA accounted for 77% (63/82), 85% (63/74), and 75% (74/99), respectively, for SA isolated in this period. MRSA was resistant to Amikacin, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Clindamycin and Levofloxacin; PA was resistant to Amikacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin, Ceftazidime, Cefoperazone, Aztreonam and Imipenem; AB was resistant to Amikacin, Gentamicin, Piperacillin, Ceftazidime, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin. Three bacteria were found to belong to the same type in the RAPD homology analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are many kind of multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria for nosocomial infection in our burn wards. To control the spread of infection due to above-mentioned 3 bacteria is the focus of nosocomial infection control.</p>

[Retrospective analysis of the effect of intranasal endoscopic resection of olfactory neuroblastoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of intranasal endoscopic resection of olfactory neuroblastoma and the significance of assistant radiotherapy. METHODS: Six patients (4 men and 2 women) ranging in age from 9-68 years (median age, 48 years) with olfactory neuroblastoma treated endoscopically at the Third Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University between August 2001 and September 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. The Kadish clinical stage was determined for all six cases, two cases with stage B, and 4 with stage C. The duration of endoscopic follow-up ranged from fourteen months to sixty three months. RESULTS: The tumor in five patients was completely excised including one case underwent craniotomy firstly and one case underwent neck dissection and the another case had her tumor subtotally resected. Five cases underwent assistant radiotherapy after operation without any evidence of recurrence so far, while the other one (Kadish stage B, tumor totally resection), who had no radiotherapy after first procedure, died from local recurrence and cerebellar metastasis 31 months after operation. The medium survival duration was 44.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: With simple approach, excellent visualization, a less operative invasiveness and no scar on face, the endoscopic approach appears to be the method of choice for the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma. But it was necessary for good prognosis to combine with radiotherapy after operation.

[Glucocorticoid receptor subunit expression in adenoid tissue of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: The expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the GR-alpha and GR-beta status in the adenoidal tissues in children with OSAHS. METHODS: Thirty-four pediatric patients (aged 3-14 years, median 7.8 years) had sleep study with polysomnography before adenoidectomy. According to the criteria of apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 5 /h or/and apnea index (AI) > or = 1/h, they were divided into OSAHS and non-OSAHS sub groups. The study was based on fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-RT-PCR) for the mRNA expression of GR-alpha and GR-beta in the adenoidal tissues in children. RESULTS: GR isoforms mRNA encoding for expression of both GR-alpha and GR-beta were detected in the adenoids of all children. GR-alpha mRNA level [(9.40 +/- 3.06) x 10(5) cDNA copies/microg total RNA] in the adenoidal tissues in OSAHS was lower than those in the non-OSAHS [(1.60 +/- 0.26) x 10(6) cDNA copies/microg total RNA] (F = 40.285, P < 0.001), whereas no differences found for GR-beta [(1.57 +/- 0.35) x 10(4) cDNA copies/microg total RNA, (1.52 +/- 0.18) x 10(4) cDNA copies/microg total RNA]. GR-alpha/GR-beta ratio was 62.3 +/- 20. 3 in OSAHS and 107.4 +/- 24.4 in non-OSAHS. AHI or AI was not related to the mRNA levels of GR-alpha and GR-beta in OSAHS or non-OSAHS. CONCLUSIONS: GR-alpha and GR-beta were detectable in the adenoidal tissues in children. These data indicated that the relationship between the expressions of GR and the clinical significance in OSAHS need further and profound investigation.

Analysis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in burn ward of Ruijin hospital / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in molecular level in burn centre of Shanghai Ruijin hospital.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The vicissitude of Staphylococcus aureus in the burn centre from 2003 to 2005 was analyzed with software WHONET5. Multiprimer random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was used to analyze the homology of 17 MRSA strains.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RAPD analysis (primer ERIC2 and RAPD7) showed that all 17 MRSA strains were identical (Burn-A type).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRSA with same RAPD type is prevalent in our burn centre for many years, so emphasis should be laid on the anti-infection therapy and its cross infection control. Staphylococcus aureus;</p>

[Effect of specific immunoglobulin Y in the treatment of acute and chronic pharyngitis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of the specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for treatment of acute and chronic pharyngitis. METHODS: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 50 adults with acute pharyngitis. Experimental group received a 6 times-daily total 30 doses of IgY stomat-spray which contained specific immunoglobulin Y (titer = 512) prepared from the egg yolk of hens immunized with a variety of bacteria. Another open label trial included 50 patients, whose ages ranged from 21-69 years, including 25 cases of acute pharyngitis and 25 cases of chronic pharyngitis were also treated using IgY stomat-spray. The therapeutic effect were objectively evaluated 7 days later by the decreased scores based on both the symptoms and physical signs. If the symptom did not improve or became severe three days later, these patients with acute pharyngitis was inefficiency and antibiotic medicine would be added to them. RESULTS: In Double-blind trial, 8 cases (32%) received IgY had apparent effect with the decreased scores 5 or more than 5, 13 cases (52%) had effective with the decreased scores 3-4, and other 4 cases (16%) had inefficacy with the decreased scores only 2 or no more than 2. While in placebo-controlled group, only 2 (8%) cases had apparent effect, 5 (20%) cases showed effective and 18 (72%) cases had non-effect. The difference between the two groups was significant (chi 2 = 16.06, P < 0.01). In open label trial, 19 cases (38%) showed apparent effect, in which 14 cases were acute pharygitis. 23 cases (46%) had effective, in which 10 cases were acute pharyngitis. The left 8 cases (16%) had ineffective, in which one case was acute pharyngitis. There was significantly difference (chi 2 = 8.90, P < 0.05) between acute pharyngitis and chronic pharyngitis. An average of three months followup showed that there were no side effect or toxic effect and no allergic reaction. CONCLUSION: The IgY stomat-spray is a safe and effective agent in treating acute and chronic pharyngitis, especially for acute pharyngitis.