Age-dependent changes in the expression and localization of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA during testicular development in the Ashidan yak.

Lysozyme like 4 (LYZL4), lysozyme like 6 (LYZL6) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are implicated in the regulation of testicular function, but there was no research reported available on the expression patterns of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA genes at different developmental stages of yak testes. In this study, we used the qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry estimated the LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA gene expression and protein lo-calization at different developmental stages of yak testes. The qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA genes significantly increased with age in the testes of yaks. Western blot results showed that the protein abundance of LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA in yak testes was significantly higher after puberty than before puberty. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry indicated that LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA may be involved in the regulation of spermatogonia proliferation and Leydig cell function in immature testis. In adult yak testes, LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA may involve in the development of round spermatids and primary spermatocytes during testicular development. Our results indicated that LYZL4, LYZL6 and PCNA may be involved in the development of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and gonocytes in yak testes.

[Determination of 28 organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in greasy wool using accelerated solvent extraction technique and gas chromatography].

A method for the simultaneous determination of 28 organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in greasy wool was developed by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in greasy wool were extracted with acetonitrile saturated with n-hexane at 80 degrees C, 10.34 MPa by ASE. The extract was pretreated by a series of procedures such as freezing-lipid filtration, concentration and purification by solid-phase extraction prior to the determination with GC-ECD. The linear ranges were 0.005-1.0 mg/L for 16 organochlorines, 0.02-4.0 mg/L for flumethrin and 0.01-2.0 mg/L for the others. There were good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration in the linear ranges. The average recoveries of 28 organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides were 67.2%-107.7%, and the relative standard deviations were 2.6%-29.0%. The method is simple, sensitive and suitable for preliminary screening of organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in greasy wool.