Association between alcohol related knowledge, attitude,practice and alcohol use disorder among high school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the relationship between alcohol related knowledge, attitude,practice and alcohol use disorder among high school students, and to provide reference for alcohol abuse intervention.@*Methods@#The study adopted stratified cluster sampling. A total of 811 high school students from 4 high schools in Changning District were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on alcohol related knowledge, attitude,practice and alcohol dependence. The software SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#There were 279 (34.4%) high school students with mild alcohol use disorder and 29 (3.6%) with severe alcohol use disorder. The average score of high school students alcohol related knowledge, attitude,practice scores were (9.56±3.55) ( 4.96± 2.36) and (2.81±1.29),respectively. High school students alcohol related knowledge, attitude,practice were negatively correlated with alcohol use disorder score ( r =-0.10, -0.39, -0.71, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that the total score of alcohol related KAP ( OR=0.86, 95%CI =0.83-0.89) and the family economic level (high level: OR=2.05, 95%CI =1.26-3.32) were positively associated with mild alcohol use disorder. The total score of alcohol related KAP ( OR=0.76, 95%CI =0.70-0.83) and school type ( OR=3.72, 95%CI =1.51-9.18) were positively associated with severe alcohol use disorder ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There is a correlation between low alcohol related KAP and alcohol use disorder, alcohol related health education should be strengthened, especially among vocational school students and students from high family economic level.

Computational Insight into the Mechanism of Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed α-Alkylation of Arylmethyl Nitriles Using Alcohols.

The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed α-alkylation reaction of arylmethyl nitriles (phenylacetonitrile) using alcohols (ethanol) in toluene has been extensively investigated by means of SMD-M06-2X/6-311G(d,p)-LANL2dz (LAnL2dz for Ru, 6-311G(d,p) for other atoms) calculations. Detailed mechanistic schemes have been proposed and discussed. The catalytically active Ru(II) complex was generated by the base-induced KCl elimination from the catalyst precursor [(PNPPh)RuHCl(CO)]. The overall Ru(II) catalytic cycle consists of three basic processes: (1) ethanol-to-aldehyde transformation catalyzed by the 16-electron unsaturated ruthenium pincer catalyst; (2) a 16-electron unsaturated ruthenium pincer catalyst catalyzed condensation reaction of arylmethyl nitrile with aldehyde, which leads to PhC(CN)=CHCH3; (3) hydrogenation of PhC(CN)=CHCH3, which leads to the formation of the α-alkylated arylmethyl nitrile product (PhCH(CH2CH3)CN). The DFT results revealed that the rate-determining barrier of the overall reaction was 23.9 kcal/mol of the H-transfer step in the third process. The reaction of PhC(CN)=CHCH3 with the dihydride Ru complex, which is generated in the ethanol-to-aldehyde transformation process, is the more preferable hydrogenation mechanism than hydrogenation of vinyl nitrile-Ru complex by H2. Using alcohol as the reactant not only fulfills the requirement of the borrowing-H strategy but also lowers the barriers of the H-migration steps.

Electroacupuncture pretreatment induces rapid tolerance to bupivacaine cardiotoxicity in rats.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that electroacupuncture (EA) protects against arrhythmia and myocardial injury induced by myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion. However, to our knowledge, it remains unknown whether EA could alleviate bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of EA pretreatment on bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest and outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats. METHODS: 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: EA (n=12), and minimal acupuncture (MA) (n=12). Rats in both groups were needled at bilateral PC6, ST36, and ST40. Needles in the EA group were electrically stimulated for 60 min. ECG and invasive arterial blood pressure measurements were recorded. Two hours after EA or MA, 10 mg/kg bupivacaine was infused intravenously at a rate of 5 mg/kg/min in all rats. Rats suffering cardiac arrest were immediately subjected to CPR. At the end of the experiment, arterial blood samples were taken from surviving rats for blood gas analysis. RESULTS: The time from bupivacaine infusion until 20% prolongation of the QRS and QT interval, and the time to cardiac arrest, were notably increased among the rats pretreated with EA. Moreover, EA pretreatment significantly improved mean arterial pressure and heart rate at all monitored points after bupivacaine infusion. The proportion of animals surviving was higher in the EA group (9/12) than the MA group (3/12) at the end of experiment (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Tolerance to bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity appeared to be increased following EA pre-treatment. The mechanism of action underlying the effects of EA on bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity requires further investigation.

Abnormal expression of CD43 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical significance / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Previous studies indicate that CD43 plays a role in regulating the adhesion of lymphocytes, cell mutation and activation, however, little is known about its effect on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to explore the clinical significance of CD43 in SLE patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used microarray and real-time PCR to detect the mRNA and protein expression of magnetic bead sorted T cells and B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients, and analyzed the relationship between CD43 and the clinical indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both microarray and real-time PCR results showed that CD43 mRNA was significantly decreased in PBMCs of SLE patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between lupus nephritis and non-lupus nephritis patients, and neuropsychiatric and non-neuropsychiatric patients. CD43 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in T cells but not in B-cells in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). Compared with healthy controls, the percentage of CD43(+) cells in the PBMCs of SLE was significantly decreased (P = 0.004), and the CD43 fluorescence intensity in CD3(+)/CD43(+) cells and CD19(+)/CD43(+) cells was also significantly weaker than in healthy controls (P = 0.039 and 0.003). There was no significant difference in the percentage of CD3(+)/CD43(+) cells, CD19(+)/CD43(+) cells between the two groups. The CD43 fluorescence intensity in CD3(+)/CD43(+) cells was inversely correlated with the levels of IgG and IgM (r = -0.8 and -0.6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to healthy controls, both CD43 mRNA and protein expressions were reduced in T cells from patients with SLE, and were inversely correlated with IgG.</p>