[Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on development of atherosclerosis in rabbits]. / Vliianie gipoksicheskoi gipoksii na razvitie ateroskleroza u krolikov.

The study was aim a evaluating effects of intermittent hypoxic training on experimental atherosclerosis. In a three-month experiment rabbits (n = 12) were fed with cholesterol (200 mg/kg of the body mass) and "ascended" to the altitude of 6000 m for 6 hrs per a day. The controls (n = 10) were fed with cholesterol only. Investigated was the dynamics of a spectrum of plasmatic lipoproteids, lipid peroxidation, morphologic alterations in the aorta and mononuclear phagocytes. Intermittent hypoxia caused less evident than in the control increases in total cholesterol (20.6 +/- 2.3 vs. 33.1 +/- 1.9 mmol/l, p < 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (19.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 32.3 +/- 2.3 mmol/l, p < 0.05). Unlike the controls, there were no atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of the experimental rabbits. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed just by tiny dot- and strip-like lipid patches smaller in size when compared with the control group in which massive diffuse lipid deposits were found. The affected aortic areas made up 13.5% in the experimental group and 65% in the control. Hypoxic training brought about activation of the antioxidant system and was propitious for functional activity and oxygen-dependent and -independent metabolism of phagocytes. Exposure to hypoxia reduced the number of lipid inclusions in monocytes (303.0 +/- 12.5% vs. 370.0 +/- 4.5% in the control, p < 0.05), prevented the dramatic inhibition of the cells observed in the animals fed with cholesterol and, eventually, blocked up formation of spumescent cells. These data infer that intermittent chamber hypoxia exerts the antiatherogenic effect on experimental atherosclerosis.

[Thromboembolic complications in children]. / Tromboémbolicheskie oslozhneniia u detei.

An analysis was made of 2093 autopsies of children aged 0-14 years. Thromboembolic complications (TEC) were detected in 6.68% of the victims who had died from acute infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, congenital malformations. Thromboses of venae cava superior and umbilicalis were found to predominate in the children. Thrombogenesis was due to the damage to the venous wall during catheterization and to phlebitis. Thrombi of cardiac cavities and arteries occur rarely and develop in heart disease and arteritis and after correction of congenital heart disease. Thromboembolism occurred in 29.28% of thrombosis largely in the pulmonary artery. According to the contribution to the thanatogenesis, 3 groups of TEC were classified as (1) the main cause of death; (2) one of the causes of death; (3) being insignificant in the outcome of the disease. The life-time diagnosis of TEC is insufficient.

[The surfactant system and structure of the respiratory portion of the lungs during de-adaptation following a single exposure to acute pressure chamber hypoxia]. / Surfaktantnaia sistema i struktura respiratornogo otdela legkikh v period deadaptatsii posle odnokratnogo deistviia ostroi barokamernoi gipoksii.

The effect of acute pressure chamber hypoxia on the surfactant system and respiratory segment structure of the lungs were studied in rats by physical, fluorescent microscopic and morphometric methods. Acute hypoxia decreases surface activity, induces changes in cellular and extracellular surfactant fluorescence and causes the development of diffuse vesicular emphysema. On the first day of adaptation atelectatic foci dominate over emphysema, and the pulmonary structure normalizes afterwards. During de-adaptation, surface activity and cellular surfactant fluorescence are higher than the control levels. Surface activity and extracellular surfactant fluorescence recover steadily by the fifth day of adaptation. The amount of phagocytized surfactant in alveolar macrophages is increased, with the changes being opposite to those characteristic of extracellular surfactant.

[Changes in the surface activity of bronchoalveolar washings and their cellular composition in bronchial asthma]. / Izmeneniia poverkhnostnoi aktivnosti bronkhoal'veoliarnykh smyvov i ikh kletochnogo sostava u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

The superficial activity and cytological composition of bronchoalveolar washes off (BAW) were investigated in 55 patients with bronchial asthma. As compared to the control group the patients with bronchial asthma in remission demonstrated a moderate decrease in the superficial BAW activity which grew in the phase of exacerbation, a degree of variations of the superficial BAW activity depending on the expression of exacerbation. Correlation between a decrease in the superficial BAW activity and changes in an endopulmonary cytogram was found. On the 25th day of the treatment of the patients with bronchial asthma at the Tuya-Ashu mountain pass (Tien Shan, 3200 m above the sea level) under the conditions of mountain climate superficially active BAW properties and edopulmonary cytogram got back to normal.