Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 14 de 14
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
SLAS Technol ; 2023 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37657710

RESUMO

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a highly prevalent form of retinal disease amongst Western communities over 50 years of age. A hallmark of AMD pathogenesis is the accumulation of drusen underneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a biological process also observable in vitro. The accumulation of drusen has been shown to predict the progression to advanced AMD, making accurate characterisation of drusen in vitro models valuable in disease modelling and drug development. More recently, deposits above the RPE in the subretinal space, called reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) have been recognized as a sub-phenotype of AMD. While in vitro imaging techniques allow for the immunostaining of drusen-like deposits, quantification of these deposits often requires slow, low throughput manual counting of images. This further lends itself to issues including sampling biases, while ignoring critical data parameters including volume and precise localization. To overcome these issues, we developed a semi-automated pipeline for quantifying the presence of drusen-like deposits in vitro, using RPE cultures derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using high-throughput confocal microscopy, together with three-dimensional reconstruction, we developed an imaging and analysis pipeline that quantifies the number of drusen-like deposits, and accurately and reproducibly provides the location and composition of these deposits. Extending its utility, this pipeline can determine whether the drusen-like deposits locate to the apical or basal surface of RPE cells. Here, we validate the utility of this pipeline in the quantification of drusen-like deposits in six iPSCs lines derived from patients with AMD, following their differentiation into RPE cells. This pipeline provides a valuable tool for the in vitro modelling of AMD and other retinal disease, and is amenable to mid and high throughput screenings.

2.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 4233, 2022 07 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35882847

RESUMO

There are currently no treatments for geographic atrophy, the advanced form of age-related macular degeneration. Hence, innovative studies are needed to model this condition and prevent or delay its progression. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with geographic atrophy and healthy individuals were differentiated to retinal pigment epithelium. Integrating transcriptional profiles of 127,659 retinal pigment epithelium cells generated from 43 individuals with geographic atrophy and 36 controls with genotype data, we identify 445 expression quantitative trait loci in cis that are asssociated with disease status and specific to retinal pigment epithelium subpopulations. Transcriptomics and proteomics approaches identify molecular pathways significantly upregulated in geographic atrophy, including in mitochondrial functions, metabolic pathways and extracellular cellular matrix reorganization. Five significant protein quantitative trait loci that regulate protein expression in the retinal pigment epithelium and in geographic atrophy are identified - two of which share variants with cis- expression quantitative trait loci, including proteins involved in mitochondrial biology and neurodegeneration. Investigation of mitochondrial metabolism confirms mitochondrial dysfunction as a core constitutive difference of the retinal pigment epithelium from patients with geographic atrophy. This study uncovers important differences in retinal pigment epithelium homeostasis associated with geographic atrophy.


Assuntos
Atrofia Geográfica , Degeneração Macular , Humanos , Degeneração Macular/genética , Proteômica , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina , Transcriptoma/genética
3.
Stem Cell Rev Rep ; 18(2): 718-731, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33725267

RESUMO

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most important susceptibility gene for late onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the presence of APOE-ε4 associated with increased risk of developing AD. Here, we reprogrammed human fibroblasts from individuals with different APOE-ε genotypes into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and generated isogenic lines with different APOE profiles. Following characterisation of the newly established iPSC lines, we used an unguided/unpatterning differentiation method to generate six-month-old cerebral organoids from all iPSC lines to assess the suitability of this in vitro system to measure APOE, ß amyloid, and Tau phosphorylation levels. We identified variabilities in the organoids' cell composition between cell lines, and between batches of differentiation for each cell line. We observed more homogenous cerebral organoids, and similar levels of APOE, ß amyloid, and Tau when using the CRISPR-edited APOE isogenic lines, with the exception of one site of Tau phosphorylation which was higher in the APOE-ε4/ε4 organoids. These data describe that pathological hallmarks of AD are observed in cerebral organoids, and that their variation is mainly independent of the APOE-ε status of the cells, but associated with the high variability of cerebral organoid differentiation. It demonstrates that the cell-line-to-cell-line and batch-to-batch variabilities need to be considered when using cerebral organoids.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/genética , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/farmacologia , Apolipoproteína E4/genética , Apolipoproteína E4/metabolismo , Apolipoproteínas E/genética , Apolipoproteínas E/metabolismo , Humanos , Organoides/patologia , Fenótipo
4.
Cell Genom ; 2(6): 100142, 2022 Jun 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36778138

RESUMO

To assess the transcriptomic profile of disease-specific cell populations, fibroblasts from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) before being differentiated into retinal organoids and compared with those from healthy individuals. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of a total of 247,520 cells and identified cluster-specific molecular signatures. Comparing the gene expression profile between cases and controls, we identified novel genetic associations for this blinding disease. Expression quantitative trait mapping identified a total of 4,443 significant loci across all cell types, 312 of which are specific to the retinal ganglion cell subpopulations, which ultimately degenerate in POAG. Transcriptome-wide association analysis identified genes at loci previously associated with POAG, and analysis, conditional on disease status, implicated 97 statistically significant retinal ganglion cell-specific expression quantitative trait loci. This work highlights the power of large-scale iPSC studies to uncover context-specific profiles for a genetically complex disease.

5.
Genome Biol ; 22(1): 76, 2021 03 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33673841

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The discovery that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a foundation for in vitro human disease modelling, drug development and population genetics studies. Gene expression plays a critical role in complex disease risk and therapeutic response. However, while the genetic background of reprogrammed cell lines has been shown to strongly influence gene expression, the effect has not been evaluated at the level of individual cells which would provide significant resolution. By integrating single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and population genetics, we apply a framework in which to evaluate cell type-specific effects of genetic variation on gene expression. RESULTS: Here, we perform scRNA-seq on 64,018 fibroblasts from 79 donors and map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) at the level of individual cell types. We demonstrate that the majority of eQTLs detected in fibroblasts are specific to an individual cell subtype. To address if the allelic effects on gene expression are maintained following cell reprogramming, we generate scRNA-seq data in 19,967 iPSCs from 31 reprogramed donor lines. We again identify highly cell type-specific eQTLs in iPSCs and show that the eQTLs in fibroblasts almost entirely disappear during reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides an atlas of how genetic variation influences gene expression across cell subtypes and provides evidence for patterns of genetic architecture that lead to cell type-specific eQTL effects.


Assuntos
Reprogramação Celular/genética , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Locos de Características Quantitativas , RNA-Seq/métodos , Análise de Célula Única , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Fibroblastos/citologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Especificidade de Órgãos/genética , Análise de Célula Única/métodos
6.
Mol Vis ; 25: 174-182, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30996586

RESUMO

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of using a CRISPR/Cas-mediated strategy to correct a common high-risk allele that is associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD; rs1061170; NM_000186.3:c.1204T>C; NP_000177.2:p.His402Tyr) in the complement factor H (CFH) gene. Methods: A human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293A) was engineered to contain the pathogenic risk variant for AMD (HEK293A-CFH). Several different base editor constructs (BE3, SaBE3, SaKKH-BE3, VQR-BE3, and Target-AID) and their respective single-guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassettes targeting either the pathogenic risk variant allele in the CFH locus or the LacZ gene, as a negative control, were evaluated head-to-head for the incidence of a cytosine-to-thymine nucleotide correction. The base editor construct that showed appreciable editing activity was selected for further assessment in which the base-edited region was subjected to next-generation deep sequencing to quantify on-target and off-target editing efficacy. Results: The tandem use of the Target-AID base editor and its respective sgRNA demonstrated a base editing efficiency of facilitating a cytosine-to-thymine nucleotide correction in 21.5% of the total sequencing reads. Additionally, the incidence of insertions and deletions (indels) was detected in only 0.15% of the sequencing reads with virtually no off-target effects evident across the top 11 predicted off-target sites containing at least one cytosine in the activity window (n = 3, pooled amplicons). Conclusions: CRISPR-mediated base editing can be used to facilitate a permanent and stably inherited cytosine-to-thymine nucleotide correction of the rs1061170 SNP in the CFH gene with minimal off-target effects.


Assuntos
Proteína 9 Associada à CRISPR/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edição de Genes/métodos , RNA Guia de Cinetoplastídeos/genética , Sequência de Bases , Proteína 9 Associada à CRISPR/metabolismo , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas , Fator H do Complemento/genética , Fator H do Complemento/metabolismo , Citosina/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Células HEK293 , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Óperon Lac , Degeneração Macular/genética , Degeneração Macular/metabolismo , Degeneração Macular/patologia , Mutação , Plasmídeos/química , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , RNA Guia de Cinetoplastídeos/metabolismo , Timina/metabolismo
7.
iScience ; 7: 30-39, 2018 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30267684

RESUMO

We assessed the pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) maintained on an automated platform using StemFlex and TeSR-E8 media. Analysis of transcriptome of single cells revealed similar expression of core pluripotency genes, as well as genes associated with naive and primed states of pluripotency. Analysis of individual cells from four samples consisting of two different iPSC lines each grown in the two culture media revealed a shared subpopulation structure with three main subpopulations different in pluripotency states. By implementing a machine learning approach, we estimated that most cells within each subpopulation are very similar between all four samples. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of iPSC lines grown in both media reports the molecular signature in StemFlex medium and how it compares to that observed in the TeSR-E8 medium.

8.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids ; 1863(7): 750-761, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29660533

RESUMO

The human retina is a complex structure of organised layers of specialised cells that support the transmission of light signals to the visual cortex. The outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), forms part of the blood retina barrier and is implicated in many retinal diseases. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid exerting pleiotropic effects in various cell types, during development, normal physiology and disease. Its producing enzyme, AUTOTAXIN (ATX), is highly expressed by the pigmented epithelia of the human eye, including the RPE. Using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived retinal cells, we interrogated the role of LPA in the human RPE and photoreceptors. hPSC-derived RPE cells express and synthesize functional ATX, which is predominantly secreted apically of the RPE, suggesting it acts in a paracrine manner to regulate photoreceptor function. In RPE cells, LPA regulates tight junctions, in a receptor-dependent mechanism, with an increase in OCCLUDIN and ZONULA OCCLUDENS (ZO)-1 expression at the cell membrane, accompanied by an increase in the transepithelial resistance of the epithelium. High concentration of LPA decreases phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments by the RPE. In hPSC-derived photoreceptors, LPA induces morphological rearrangements by modulating the actin myosin cytoskeleton, as evidenced by Myosin Light Chain l membrane relocation. Collectively, our data suggests an important role of LPA in the integrity and functionality of the healthy retina and blood retina barrier.


Assuntos
Barreira Hematorretiniana/fisiologia , Lisofosfolipídeos/fisiologia , Células Fotorreceptoras de Vertebrados/fisiologia , Doenças Retinianas/patologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Humanos , Fagocitose/fisiologia , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes , Doenças Retinianas/cirurgia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/citologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologia , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Vitrectomia
9.
SLAS Technol ; 23(4): 315-325, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28574793

RESUMO

Pluripotent stem cells are an extremely powerful tool in modeling human diseases and hold much promise for personalized regenerative or cell replacement therapies. There is an increasing need for reproducible large-scale stem cell and differentiated progeny production, with minimal variation, rendering manual approaches impracticable. Here, we provide an overview of systems currently available for automated stem cell culture, and undertake a review of their capacities, capabilities, and relative limitations. With the merging of modern technology and stem cell biology, an increased demand and implementation of automated platforms for stem cell studies is anticipated.


Assuntos
Automação , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/citologia , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Microfluídica
11.
Aging (Albany NY) ; 9(4): 1341-1350, 2017 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28455970

RESUMO

Cybrid technology was used to replace Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations from patient-specific fibroblasts with wildtype mtDNA, and mutation-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated subsequently. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation demonstrates increased cell death in LHON-RGCs and can be rescued in cybrid corrected RGCs.


Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Terapia Genética/métodos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Mitocôndrias/genética , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Apoptose , Morte Celular , Diferenciação Celular , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , DNA Mitocondrial/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Superóxidos/metabolismo
12.
SLAS Discov ; 22(8): 1016-1025, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28287872

RESUMO

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have tremendous potential for development of regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. However, the processes of reprogramming, maintenance, and differentiation are labor intensive and subject to intertechnician variability. To address these issues, we established and optimized protocols to allow for the automated maintenance of reprogrammed somatic cells into iPSCs to enable the large-scale culture and passaging of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using a customized TECAN Freedom EVO. Generation of iPSCs was performed offline by nucleofection followed by selection of TRA-1-60-positive cells using a Miltenyi MultiMACS24 Separator. Pluripotency markers were assessed to confirm pluripotency of the generated iPSCs. Passaging was performed using an enzyme-free dissociation method. Proof of concept of differentiation was obtained by differentiating human PSCs into cells of the retinal lineage. Key advantages of this automated approach are the ability to increase sample size, reduce variability during reprogramming or differentiation, and enable medium- to high-throughput analysis of human PSCs and derivatives. These techniques will become increasingly important with the emergence of clinical trials using stem cells.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Diferenciação Celular , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Automação , Adesão Celular , Linhagem Celular , Reprogramação Celular , Fibroblastos/citologia , Humanos , Retina/citologia
14.
Stem Cell Rev Rep ; 12(2): 179-88, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26589197

RESUMO

We demonstrate that a combination of Noggin, Dickkopf-1, Insulin Growth Factor 1 and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, promotes the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. We describe an efficient one-step approach that allows the generation of RPE cells from both human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells within 40-60 days without the need for manual excision, floating aggregates or imbedded cysts. Compared to methods that rely on spontaneous differentiation, our protocol results in faster differentiation into RPE cells. This pro-retinal culture medium promotes the growth of functional RPE cells that exhibit key characteristics of the RPE including pigmentation, polygonal morphology, expression of mature RPE markers, electrophysiological membrane potential and the ability to phagocytose photoreceptor outer segments. This protocol can be adapted for feeder, feeder-free and serum-free conditions. This method thereby provides a rapid and simplified production of RPE cells for downstream applications such as disease modelling and drug screening.


Assuntos
Meios de Cultivo Condicionados/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/citologia , Retina/citologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/citologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Fagocitose/fisiologia , Células Fotorreceptoras/citologia , Células Fotorreceptoras/metabolismo , Pigmentação/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/metabolismo , Retina/metabolismo , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/metabolismo
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...