RESUMO
Microorganisms play an important role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. This experiment studied the conservation management approaches [control without fertilizer (CK); fertilizer and different mulching based straw mulching (SM), plastic mulching (PM), ridge-furrow with plastic mulching (RFPFM), and green manure (GM)] effects on the soil microbial community structures in spring corn (Zea Mayis) dry land. The results showed that the bacterial phylum mainly included Proteobacteria (28.2%-36.8%), Acidobacteriota (9.1%-17.9%), Bacteroidota (5.6%-8.9%) and Actinobacteria (3.1-6.2%). The most richness fungal components were Ascomycota (35.2%-44.2%), Basidiomycota (3.3%-12%) and Mortierellomycota (3.4%-6.6%). Additionally, the highest Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indexes of bacteria (2931.9 and 2953.7) and fungi (1083.316 and 1100.650) were present in RFPFM that indicating the richest microbial abundance, the highest Shannon and Simpson indexes was exist in PM (9.332 and 0.996) for bacteria and RFPFM (6.753 and 0.974) for fungi. Therefore, this study reveals the conservation management of fertilizer addition and mulching management obviously promoted microbial diversity and altered the superior microbial distribution that provides a potential way for agricultural sustainable management approaches in production practice during circular economy.
Assuntos
Microbiota , Solo , Bactérias , Fungos , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Leguminous crop planting is one of the most important managements in sustainable agriculture, which has the potential to improve soil quality and environmental health by increasing N input and facilitating soil and water conservation. In this study, effects of white clover planting on soil nutrients and biological properties in persimmon orchard was investigated to understand its potential effects on improvement of soil fertility and economic performance. Soil samples were collected on September 14th, 2017 at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil depth in two treatments (i.e. ploughing with no grass and planting white clover) in persimmon orchard, and were analyzed for soil available nitrogen, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and enzyme activity. Compared to the control, soil available nitrogen, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and the activities of urease, sucrase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase all increased in grass treatment. Specifically, in grass planting treatment, soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased at 0-10 cm soil, and increased soil avai-lable nitrogen was found at 10-20 cm soil. For enzyme activity, significantly elevated urease activity exhibited at surface depth (0-20 cm), while catalase, sucrase activity and geometric mean (GME) of enzyme activity were higher within entire tested soil profile (0-40 cm). Overall, our results indicated white clover planting in orchard could not only facilitate soil fertility, but also reduce chemical fertilizer input and improve economic benefit, which could be considered as a good orchard cultivation mode.
Assuntos
Diospyros , Trifolium , China , Nutrientes , SoloRESUMO
A 4-year field experiment was conducted at the Heyang Research Station in Weibei dryland to study the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of dryland maize. Comparing with applying chemical fertilizer, applying organic fertilizer increased the leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, but decreased the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration at each growth stage of maize significantly. With the increasing application rate of organic fertilizer, the leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance at each growth stage of maize had a gradual increase, while the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration had a gradual decrease. The leaf photosynthesis of maize at each growth stage was controlled by non-stomatal factors, and the application of organic fertilizer reduced the non-stomatal limitation on the photosynthesis performance significantly. The 4-year application of organic fertilizer improved soil nutrient status, and soil nutrients were no longer the main factors limiting the leaf photosynthetic rate and grain yield of maize.
