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1.
Nature ; 623(7986): 432-441, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37914932

RESUMO

Chromatin accessibility is essential in regulating gene expression and cellular identity, and alterations in accessibility have been implicated in driving cancer initiation, progression and metastasis1-4. Although the genetic contributions to oncogenic transitions have been investigated, epigenetic drivers remain less understood. Here we constructed a pan-cancer epigenetic and transcriptomic atlas using single-nucleus chromatin accessibility data (using single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin) from 225 samples and matched single-cell or single-nucleus RNA-sequencing expression data from 206 samples. With over 1 million cells from each platform analysed through the enrichment of accessible chromatin regions, transcription factor motifs and regulons, we identified epigenetic drivers associated with cancer transitions. Some epigenetic drivers appeared in multiple cancers (for example, regulatory regions of ABCC1 and VEGFA; GATA6 and FOX-family motifs), whereas others were cancer specific (for example, regulatory regions of FGF19, ASAP2 and EN1, and the PBX3 motif). Among epigenetically altered pathways, TP53, hypoxia and TNF signalling were linked to cancer initiation, whereas oestrogen response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apical junction were tied to metastatic transition. Furthermore, we revealed a marked correlation between enhancer accessibility and gene expression and uncovered cooperation between epigenetic and genetic drivers. This atlas provides a foundation for further investigation of epigenetic dynamics in cancer transitions.


Assuntos
Epigênese Genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias , Humanos , Hipóxia Celular , Núcleo Celular , Cromatina/genética , Cromatina/metabolismo , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos/genética , Epigênese Genética/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias/classificação , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Análise de Célula Única , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo
2.
Cancer Cell ; 41(8): 1397-1406, 2023 08 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37582339

RESUMO

The National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) investigates tumors from a proteogenomic perspective, creating rich multi-omics datasets connecting genomic aberrations to cancer phenotypes. To facilitate pan-cancer investigations, we have generated harmonized genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data for >1000 tumors in 10 cohorts to create a cohesive and powerful dataset for scientific discovery. We outline efforts by the CPTAC pan-cancer working group in data harmonization, data dissemination, and computational resources for aiding biological discoveries. We also discuss challenges for multi-omics data integration and analysis, specifically the unique challenges of working with both nucleotide sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics data.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Proteogenômica , Humanos , Proteômica , Genômica , Neoplasias/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica
3.
Cell ; 186(18): 3921-3944.e25, 2023 08 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37582357

RESUMO

Cancer driver events refer to key genetic aberrations that drive oncogenesis; however, their exact molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Here, our multi-omics pan-cancer analysis uncovers insights into the impacts of cancer drivers by identifying their significant cis-effects and distal trans-effects quantified at the RNA, protein, and phosphoprotein levels. Salient observations include the association of point mutations and copy-number alterations with the rewiring of protein interaction networks, and notably, most cancer genes converge toward similar molecular states denoted by sequence-based kinase activity profiles. A correlation between predicted neoantigen burden and measured T cell infiltration suggests potential vulnerabilities for immunotherapies. Patterns of cancer hallmarks vary by polygenic protein abundance ranging from uniform to heterogeneous. Overall, our work demonstrates the value of comprehensive proteogenomics in understanding the functional states of oncogenic drivers and their links to cancer development, surpassing the limitations of studying individual cancer types.


Assuntos
Neoplasias , Proteogenômica , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Oncogenes , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA
4.
Cancer Cell ; 41(9): 1567-1585.e7, 2023 09 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37582362

RESUMO

DNA methylation plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining cellular identity. However, it is frequently dysregulated during tumor development and is closely intertwined with other genetic alterations. Here, we leveraged multi-omic profiling of 687 tumors and matched non-involved adjacent tissues from the kidney, brain, pancreas, lung, head and neck, and endometrium to identify aberrant methylation associated with RNA and protein abundance changes and build a Pan-Cancer catalog. We uncovered lineage-specific epigenetic drivers including hypomethylated FGFR2 in endometrial cancer. We showed that hypermethylated STAT5A is associated with pervasive regulon downregulation and immune cell depletion, suggesting that epigenetic regulation of STAT5A expression constitutes a molecular switch for immunosuppression in squamous tumors. We further demonstrated that methylation subtype-enrichment information can explain cell-of-origin, intra-tumor heterogeneity, and tumor phenotypes. Overall, we identified cis-acting DNA methylation events that drive transcriptional and translational changes, shedding light on the tumor's epigenetic landscape and the role of its cell-of-origin.


Assuntos
Metilação de DNA , Neoplasias do Endométrio , Feminino , Humanos , Epigênese Genética , Multiômica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(14)2023 Jul 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37511038

RESUMO

Iron(Fe) is a trace metal element necessary for plant growth, but excess iron is harmful to plants. Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) are important for divalent metal transport in plants. In this study, we isolated the MsNRAMP2 (MN_547960) gene from alfalfa, the perennial legume forage. The expression of MsNRAMP2 is specifically induced by iron excess. Overexpression of MsNRAMP2 conferred transgenic tobacco tolerance to iron excess, while it conferred yeast sensitivity to excess iron. Together with the MsNRAMP2 gene, MsMYB (MN_547959) expression is induced by excess iron. Y1H indicated that the MsMYB protein could bind to the "CTGTTG" cis element of the MsNRAMP2 promoter. The results indicated that MsNRAMP2 has a function in iron transport and its expression might be regulated by MsMYB. The excess iron tolerance ability enhancement of MsNRAMP2 may be involved in iron transport, sequestration, or redistribution.


Assuntos
Sobrecarga de Ferro , Nicotiana , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ferro/metabolismo , Medicago sativa/genética , Sobrecarga de Ferro/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo
6.
Curr Issues Mol Biol ; 44(7): 3194-3207, 2022 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35877445

RESUMO

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a destructive disease of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae). The most effective way to prevent the disease is growing resistant or tolerant varieties. Partial resistance provides a more durable resistance against the pathogen compared to complete resistance. Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) seems to be an extraordinarily important gene pool for soybean improvement due to its high level of genetic variation. In this study, 242 wild soybean germplasms originating from different regions of Heilongjiang province were used to identify resistance genes to P. sojae race 1 using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of nine significant SNPs were detected, repeatedly associated with P. sojae resistance and located on chromosomes 1, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19 and 20. Among them, seven favorable allelic variations associated with P. sojae resistance were evaluated by a t-test. Eight candidate genes were predicted to explore the mechanistic hypotheses of partial resistance, including Glysoja.19G051583, which encodes an LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase protein, Glysoja.19G051581, which encodes a receptor-like cytosolic serine/threonine protein kinase protein. These findings will provide additional insights into the genetic architecture of P. sojae resistance in a large sample of wild soybeans and P. sojae-resistant breeding through marker-assisted selection.

7.
Cell Rep ; 34(5): 108707, 2021 02 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33535033

RESUMO

RTK/RAS/RAF pathway alterations (RPAs) are a hallmark of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, we use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 85 cases found to be RPA(-) by previous studies from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to characterize the minority of LUADs lacking apparent alterations in this pathway. We show that WGS analysis uncovers RPA(+) in 28 (33%) of the 85 samples. Among the remaining 57 cases, we observe focal deletions targeting the promoter or transcription start site of STK11 (n = 7) or KEAP1 (n = 3), and promoter mutations associated with the increased expression of ILF2 (n = 6). We also identify complex structural variations associated with high-level copy number amplifications. Moreover, an enrichment of focal deletions is found in TP53 mutant cases. Our results indicate that RPA(-) cases demonstrate tumor suppressor deletions and genome instability, but lack unique or recurrent genetic lesions compensating for the lack of RPAs. Larger WGS studies of RPA(-) cases are required to understand this important LUAD subset.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Taquicininas/metabolismo , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma/métodos , Humanos
8.
Cancer Cell ; 39(4): 509-528.e20, 2021 04 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33577785

RESUMO

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive nervous system cancer. Understanding its molecular pathogenesis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic, post-translational modification and metabolomic data on 99 treatment-naive GBMs provides insights to GBM biology. We identify key phosphorylation events (e.g., phosphorylated PTPN11 and PLCG1) as potential switches mediating oncogenic pathway activation, as well as potential targets for EGFR-, TP53-, and RB1-altered tumors. Immune subtypes with distinct immune cell types are discovered using bulk omics methodologies, validated by snRNA-seq, and correlated with specific expression and histone acetylation patterns. Histone H2B acetylation in classical-like and immune-low GBM is driven largely by BRDs, CREBBP, and EP300. Integrated metabolomic and proteomic data identify specific lipid distributions across subtypes and distinct global metabolic changes in IDH-mutated tumors. This work highlights biological relationships that could contribute to stratification of GBM patients for more effective treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 11/metabolismo , Proteogenômica , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Metabolômica/métodos , Mutação/genética , Fosfolipase C gama/genética , Fosfolipase C gama/metabolismo , Fosforilação/fisiologia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 11/genética , Proteogenômica/métodos , Proteômica/métodos
10.
Cancer Cell ; 39(3): 361-379.e16, 2021 03 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33417831

RESUMO

We present a proteogenomic study of 108 human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Proteomic analysis systematically catalogs HNSCC-associated proteins and phosphosites, prioritizes copy number drivers, and highlights an oncogenic role for RNA processing genes. Proteomic investigation of mutual exclusivity between FAT1 truncating mutations and 11q13.3 amplifications reveals dysregulated actin dynamics as a common functional consequence. Phosphoproteomics characterizes two modes of EGFR activation, suggesting a new strategy to stratify HNSCCs based on EGFR ligand abundance for effective treatment with inhibitory EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Widespread deletion of immune modulatory genes accounts for low immune infiltration in immune-cold tumors, whereas concordant upregulation of multiple immune checkpoint proteins may underlie resistance to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monotherapy in immune-hot tumors. Multi-omic analysis identifies three molecular subtypes with high potential for treatment with CDK inhibitors, anti-EGFR antibody therapy, and immunotherapy, respectively. Altogether, proteogenomics provides a systematic framework to inform HNSCC biology and treatment.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Receptores ErbB/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoterapia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Papillomavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Proteogenômica/métodos , Proteômica/métodos , Adulto Jovem
12.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 4748, 2020 09 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32958763

RESUMO

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts.


Assuntos
Genoma Humano/genética , Mutação , Neoplasias/genética , Composição de Bases , DNA Intergênico , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Exoma/genética , Éxons , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
13.
Cell ; 182(1): 200-225.e35, 2020 07 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32649874

RESUMO

To explore the biology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and identify new therapeutic opportunities, we performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of 110 tumors and 101 matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) incorporating genomics, epigenomics, deep-scale proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and acetylproteomics. Multi-omics clustering revealed four subgroups defined by key driver mutations, country, and gender. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic data illuminated biology downstream of copy number aberrations, somatic mutations, and fusions and identified therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with driver events involving KRAS, EGFR, and ALK. Immune subtyping revealed a complex landscape, reinforced the association of STK11 with immune-cold behavior, and underscored a potential immunosuppressive role of neutrophil degranulation. Smoking-associated LUADs showed correlation with other environmental exposure signatures and a field effect in NATs. Matched NATs allowed identification of differentially expressed proteins with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility. This proteogenomics dataset represents a unique public resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat lung adenocarcinomas.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Proteogenômica , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinogênese/genética , Carcinogênese/patologia , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , Metilação de DNA/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , Fenótipo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo
14.
Commun Biol ; 2: 109, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30911684

RESUMO

Viruses drive carcinogenesis in human cancers through diverse mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated but include promoting immune escape. Here we investigated associations between virus-positivity and immune pathway alteration for 2009 tumors across six virus-related cancer types. Analysis revealed that for 3 of 72 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) the HPV genome integrated in immune checkpoint genes PD-L1 or PD-L2, driving elevated expression in the corresponding gene. In addition to the previously described upregulation of the PD-1 immunosuppressive pathway in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive stomach tumors, we also observed upregulation of the PD-1 pathway in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive tumors. Furthermore, we found signatures of T-cell and B-cell response in HPV-positive HNSC and EBV-positive stomach tumors and HPV-positive HNSC patients were associated with better survival when T-cell signals were detected. Our work reveals that viral infection may recruit immune effector cells, and upregulate PD-1 and CTLA-4 immunosuppressive pathways.


Assuntos
Transformação Celular Viral , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/imunologia , Neoplasias/etiologia , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Proteína 2 Ligante de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Integração Viral
16.
Cell ; 173(2): 321-337.e10, 2018 04 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29625050

RESUMO

Genetic alterations in signaling pathways that control cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell growth are common hallmarks of cancer, but the extent, mechanisms, and co-occurrence of alterations in these pathways differ between individual tumors and tumor types. Using mutations, copy-number changes, mRNA expression, gene fusions and DNA methylation in 9,125 tumors profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we analyzed the mechanisms and patterns of somatic alterations in ten canonical pathways: cell cycle, Hippo, Myc, Notch, Nrf2, PI-3-Kinase/Akt, RTK-RAS, TGFß signaling, p53 and ß-catenin/Wnt. We charted the detailed landscape of pathway alterations in 33 cancer types, stratified into 64 subtypes, and identified patterns of co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity. Eighty-nine percent of tumors had at least one driver alteration in these pathways, and 57% percent of tumors had at least one alteration potentially targetable by currently available drugs. Thirty percent of tumors had multiple targetable alterations, indicating opportunities for combination therapy.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Genéticas , Neoplasias/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Genes Neoplásicos , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/genética , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo
17.
Cell ; 173(2): 371-385.e18, 2018 04 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29625053

RESUMO

Identifying molecular cancer drivers is critical for precision oncology. Multiple advanced algorithms to identify drivers now exist, but systematic attempts to combine and optimize them on large datasets are few. We report a PanCancer and PanSoftware analysis spanning 9,423 tumor exomes (comprising all 33 of The Cancer Genome Atlas projects) and using 26 computational tools to catalog driver genes and mutations. We identify 299 driver genes with implications regarding their anatomical sites and cancer/cell types. Sequence- and structure-based analyses identified >3,400 putative missense driver mutations supported by multiple lines of evidence. Experimental validation confirmed 60%-85% of predicted mutations as likely drivers. We found that >300 MSI tumors are associated with high PD-1/PD-L1, and 57% of tumors analyzed harbor putative clinically actionable events. Our study represents the most comprehensive discovery of cancer genes and mutations to date and will serve as a blueprint for future biological and clinical endeavors.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/patologia , Algoritmos , Antígeno B7-H1/genética , Biologia Computacional , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Entropia , Humanos , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Mutação , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/imunologia , Análise de Componente Principal , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética
18.
Cell Rep ; 23(1): 227-238.e3, 2018 04 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29617662

RESUMO

Gene fusions represent an important class of somatic alterations in cancer. We systematically investigated fusions in 9,624 tumors across 33 cancer types using multiple fusion calling tools. We identified a total of 25,664 fusions, with a 63% validation rate. Integration of gene expression, copy number, and fusion annotation data revealed that fusions involving oncogenes tend to exhibit increased expression, whereas fusions involving tumor suppressors have the opposite effect. For fusions involving kinases, we found 1,275 with an intact kinase domain, the proportion of which varied significantly across cancer types. Our study suggests that fusions drive the development of 16.5% of cancer cases and function as the sole driver in more than 1% of them. Finally, we identified druggable fusions involving genes such as TMPRSS2, RET, FGFR3, ALK, and ESR1 in 6.0% of cases, and we predicted immunogenic peptides, suggesting that fusions may provide leads for targeted drug and immune therapy.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carcinogênese/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Fusão Oncogênica , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinogênese/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/patologia , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/química , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/metabolismo
19.
Cell Rep ; 23(1): 270-281.e3, 2018 04 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29617666

RESUMO

For the past decade, cancer genomic studies have focused on mutations leading to splice-site disruption, overlooking those having splice-creating potential. Here, we applied a bioinformatic tool, MiSplice, for the large-scale discovery of splice-site-creating mutations (SCMs) across 8,656 TCGA tumors. We report 1,964 originally mis-annotated mutations having clear evidence of creating alternative splice junctions. TP53 and GATA3 have 26 and 18 SCMs, respectively, and ATRX has 5 from lower-grade gliomas. Mutations in 11 genes, including PARP1, BRCA1, and BAP1, were experimentally validated for splice-site-creating function. Notably, we found that neoantigens induced by SCMs are likely several folds more immunogenic compared to missense mutations, exemplified by the recurrent GATA3 SCM. Further, high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was observed in tumors with SCMs, suggesting candidates for immune blockade therapy. Our work highlights the importance of integrating DNA and RNA data for understanding the functional and the clinical implications of mutations in human diseases.


Assuntos
Mutação , Neoplasias/genética , Sítios de Splice de RNA , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Fator de Transcrição GATA3/genética , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/genética , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Nuclear Ligada ao X/genética
20.
Bioinformatics ; 33(23): 3799-3801, 2017 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28961932

RESUMO

SUMMARY: MIRMMR predicts microsatellite instability status in cancer samples using methylation and mutation information, in contrast to existing methods that rely on observed microsatellites. Additionally, MIRMMR highlights those genetic alterations contributing to microsatellite instability. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Source code is freely available at https://github.com/ding-lab/MIRMMR under the MIT license, implemented in R and supported on Unix/OS X operating systems. CONTACT: smfoltz@wustl.edu or lding@wustl.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Assuntos
Metilação de DNA , Genômica/métodos , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Mutação , Neoplasias/genética , Software , Humanos , Neoplasias/metabolismo
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