Sex differences in the morphology of the distal humerus in Ming and Qing Dynasties population in North China / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of sex determination by morphology of the distal humerus in North China population. Methods Observing sexually dimorphic differences of olecranon fossa shape, trochlear symmetry, trochlear constriction and angle of medial epicondyle. Each characteristic was divided into three categories: male, unknown and female. The morphological characteristics of the humerus of 70 individuals (35 males and 35 females) from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in North China were counted to compare the occurrence rate of different categories of distal humeral morphology and the accuracy rate of sex determination. Results There were statistically significant differences in the performance of the four traits of the distal humerus between males and females. The accuracy rate of angle of medial epicondyle was the highest at 76%, while the lowest accuracy rate of trochlear constriction was only 52%. The accuracy of the combined four traits was higher than the single ones, with an accuracy rate of 76% (83% for males and 68% for females). Conclusion Distal humerus morphology can be used to determine sex when skulls and pelvis are absent.

Association between uveitis and psoriatic disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on the evidence from cohort studies.

AIM: To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to examine the association between uveitis and psoriatic disease, and to evaluate whether one condition predisposes individuals to the other. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE to identify cohort studies examining the association between uveitis and psoriatic disease [psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis (PsA)]. We used a random-effects model to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) adjusted for confounders, along with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: This Meta-analysis included a total of 6 studies and a maximum of 80 178 648 participants. Compared with non-psoriatic controls, uveitis risk was significantly elevated in patients with psoriasis (RR=1.49; 95%CI: 1.08-2.07), and PsA (RR=3.16; 95%CI: 2.16-4.63). Furthermore, pre-existing uveitis was associated with a significantly increased risk of psoriasis (RR=1.62; 95%CI: 1.44-1.83), and PsA (RR=4.44; 95%CI: 3.52-5.60). CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review and Meta-analysis suggest an overall positive bidirectional association between uveitis and psoriatic disease (psoriasis and PsA), warranting increased awareness among clinicians involved in the management of these two conditions. Therefore, there remains a need for more detailed studies of the possible common pathogenesis of psoriatic disease and uveitis.

Clinical application of accommodating intraocular lens.

The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs). Standard monofocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.