RESUMO
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a relatively common chronic liver disease with imbal- anced lipid metabolism, and its incidence is increasing year by year. NAFLD is closely related to bile acid excretion, ab- normal bile acid synthesis and liver fibrosis. Farnesolid X receptor(FXR)regulates bile acid transport, inhibits bile acid synthesis and resists liver fibrosis. Obeticholic acid is a targeted drug for the treatment of NAFLD targeting the farnesol X receptor, which can effectively regulate fat metabolism and blood sugar balance. This review summarizes the mechanism and research progress of obeticholic acid intervention in NAFLD, and provides a theoretical basis for its foundamental re- search and clinical application.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the intervening effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture on rat neuralgia and its regulating effect on substance P (SP) in the spinal dorsal horn. Method SD rats were randomized to normal, sham operation (sham SNI), operation (SNI) and electroacupuncture (SNI+EA) groups, 8 rats each. A rat model of neuralgia was made by spared sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Points Zusanli(ST36) and Kunlun(BL60) on the operation side were given 2 Hz electroacupuncture once daily for 14 days. The rat hind paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured on the operation side to observe its pain hypersensitivity. SP-positive expression in the spinal dorsal horn on the operation side was determined by immunofluorescence. Result Operative side PWT decreased significantly in the SNI group of rats (P<0.01). Electroacupuncture increased operative side PWT in the SNI neuralgia rats (P<0.01). Pain threshold onthe healthy side had no marked change in the SNI group of rats (P>0.05). SP-positive expression in the spinal dorsal horn increased on the operation side (P<0.01) and also on the healthy side (P<0.05) in the SNI group of rats. Electroacupuncture decreased SP-positive expression in the spinal dorsal horn on the operation side in the SNI rats (P<0.01). Electroacupuncture did not significantly change SP-positive expression in the spinal dorsal horn on the healthy side (P>0.05). PWT on the operation and healthy sides and SP-positive cell expression in the spinal dorsal horn on the operation and healthy sides had no marked changes in the SNI group of rats (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-frequency electroacupuncture can relieve rat neuralgia. Its mechanism may be related to it inhibiting SP-positive expression in the spinal dorsal horn on the operation side.
RESUMO
According to the fact that corn straws remain or burned in the field in hilly and mountainous areas of Southwest China, which causes organic matter waste and serious atmospheric pollution, it is necessary to develop an efficient method to compost the corn straws. In the present experiment, corn straws were placed on the landside and land corner for composting with thermophilic cellulous bacteria inoculated, chemical nitrogen and nitrogen absorption agent added, and then covered with polyethylene film (bio-composting). Thereafter, flue-cured tobacco grown in the same land was fertilized with the compost to study the fertilizer effect. The results showed that the temperature in bio-compost increased quickly (over than 35 degrees C within 2 to 3 days) but decreased slowly compared to natural composting (control). In the bio-compost, temperature over than 50 degrees C lasted for about 15 days and the number of bacteria was 100 to 1000 times higher than in the control de- spite that microbial groups decreased in the high temperature period. After 90 days of bio-composting, corn straws contained water less than 25% with pH 6. 14 and showed brown or black color and fragmental or farinose physical state, indicating good decomposition and humification. Meanwhile, the active organic matter and nutrients, including N, P and K, were significantly increased. The yield, mean price, economical output of flue-cured tobacco leaves were increased and the leaf quality was improved by application of chemical fertilizers plus the compost at the ratio of 1:1. Therefore, bio-composting could utilize efficiently corn straws and eliminate air pollution, which is worth popularization in hilly and mountain areas.
