RESUMO
Objective:To analyze the anatomical and developmental characteristics of nasal sinuses in 2-3 years old children.Method:Coronal CT scans of 62 cases (2-3 years old children) were studied with the imaging station. The gasification conditions of the sinuses were identified and measured.Result:The mean of the transverse and vertical diameters for the left side of the maxillary sinuse was (17.51±2.92)mm and (16.63±3.46)mm. Those for the right side were (17.28±2.51)mm and (17.24±3.72)mm. The mean for the left side of the anterior ethmoid sinus were (5.06±1.18)mm and (13.61±2.49)mm. Those for its right side were (5.00±1.45)mm and (13.64±2.30)mm. The mean for the left side of the posterior ethmoid sinus were (7.94±1.72)mm and (12.80±1.78)mm. Those for the right side were (7.88±1.85)mm and (12.64±.96)mm.96.77%(120 sides) of the sphenoid sinuses were developed. The mean for the left side of the sphenoid sinus were (7.38±3.11)mm and (8.67±3.14)mm. Those for the right side were (7.48±2.70)mm and (8.63±2.42)mm. 30.65% (38 sides) of the frontal sinuses were developed.Conclusion:The all nasal sinuses in 2-3 years old children have been already developed. The pneumatization of the frontal sinus was defined in some babies. It can help radiologist make correct diagnosis of paranasal sinuses in children.
Assuntos
Seio Etmoidal/anatomia & histologia , Seio Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Seios Paranasais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Seio EsfenoidalRESUMO
We studied the effect of shear stress (SS) on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs) using the parallel plate flow chamber method. It was demonstrated that RBMECs showed a time-dependent, but not a force-dependent, upregulation in ICAM-1 expression. Endothelial cell surface expression of ICAM-1 in the supernatants of RBMECs exposed to SS was not changed, thus excluding the possibility that the upregulated expression is due to the factors synthesized by these cells. These data throw light on understanding the signal transduction pathway inside the endothelial cells under the effect of SS.
